The Characterization of Heavy Metals in the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivar Rkatsiteli and Wild Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) from East Serbia by ICP-OES and BAFs     

Slađana Č. Alagić  Snežana B. Tošić  Mile D. Dimitrijević  Jelena V. Petrović  Dragana V. Medić 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(17):2034-2045

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in combination with calculation of various biological factors, was used in this study not only for a simple illustration of the present status of some essential and non-essential metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the grapevine cultivar Rkatsiteli and wild blackberry from East Serbia but also for the estimation of plant bioaccumulation potentials. Great majority of detected metal concentrations were in normal ranges except in few cases: Zn concentrations were at the level of deficiency in almost all plant parts, and some Cu and As concentrations were at the levels that could be considered phytotoxic. Biological accumulation factors provided very informative data on metal accumulation and translocation in both plants and pointed to low accumulation rates of metals except in the case of Cu, Zn, and As in some wild blackberry tissues.  相似文献   

Native Grass Facilitates Mycorrhizal Colonisation and P Uptake of Tree Seedlings in Two Anthropogenic Substrates   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Batkhuugyin Enkhtuya  Michael Pöschl  Miroslav Vosátka 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,166(1-4):217-236

Two microcosm experiments were conducted to study the role of extraradical mycelium (ERM) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in establishment and growth of tree species used for revegetation in anthropogenic substrates. Inoculated or non-inoculated Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa or Salix purpurea seedlings were grown with Calamagrostis epigejos (a grass spontaneously colonising degraded ecosystems) in two substrates (fly ash and coal mine spoil) either in direct root contact or in rhizoboxes with interaction only via ERM network. In both experiments, inoculation with AMF mostly had a positive effect on the growth of trees and increased the aggregation of fly ash. When plants grew in direct root-to-root contact, grass presence negatively affected tree growth, but it significantly improved mycorrhizal development (colonization of tree seedlings, spore number and ERM length). When grass and tree roots interacted via the ERM network, tree seedlings were successfully colonised by the ERM spreading from the C. epigejos roots. Mechanical disturbance of the ERM links between plants reduced AMF development and tree height in both substrates, but tree shoot biomass was not affected. In fly ash, inoculated, non-disturbed treatments showed significant transfer of ³²P from the grass to the tree seedlings. It can be concluded that roots of A. pseudoplatanus, A. glutinosa or S. purpurea seedlings can be colonised from the ERM network radiating from quickly growing grasses, which can act as important agents for AMF distribution and facilitate mycorrhization of planted trees. In particular for willow, grass seems to be an essential nurse plant to achieve successful root colonisation.  相似文献   

Saprotrophic fungi transform organic phosphorus from spruce needle litter     

Ond?ej Koukol  František Novák  Miroslav Vosátka 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(12):3372-3379

Fungal decomposition of and phosphorus transformation from spruce litter needles (Picea abies) were simulated in systems containing litter needles inoculated with individual saprotrophic fungal strains and their mixtures. Fungal strains of Setulipes androsaceus (L.) Antonín, Chalara longipes (Preus) Cooke, Ceuthospora pinastri (Fr.) Höhn., Mollisia minutella (Sacc.) Rehm, Scleroconidioma sphagnicola Tsuneda, Currah & Thormann and an unknown strain NK11 were used as representatives of autochthonous mycoflora. Systems were incubated for 5.5 months in laboratory conditions. Fungal colonization in systems and competition among strains were assessed using the reisolation of fungi from individual needles. After incubation, needles were extracted with NaOH and extracts were analysed using ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Needle decomposition was determined based on the decrease in C:N ratio. Systems inoculated with the basidiomycete S. androsaceus revealed substantial decrease in C:N ratio (from 25.8 to 11.3) while the effect of ascomycetes on the C:N ratio was negligible. We suppose that tested strains of saprotrophic ascomycetes did not participate substantially in litter decomposition, but were directly involved in phosphorus transformation and together with S. androsaceus could transform orthophosphate monoesters and diesters from spruce litter needles into diphosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. These transformations seem to be typical for saprotrophic fungi involved in litter needle decomposition, although the proportion of individual phosphorus forms differed among studied fungal strains. Phosphonate presence in needles after fungal inoculation is of special interest because no previous investigation recorded phosphonate synthesis and accumulation by fungi. Our results confirmed that the ³¹P NMR spectroscopy is an excellent instrumental method for studying transformations of soil organic phosphorus during plant litter decomposition. We suggest that polyphosphate production by S. androsaceus may contribute to the phosphorus cycle in forest ecosystems because this fungus is a frequent litter colonizer that substantially participates in decomposition.  相似文献   

Liming of anthropogenically acidified soil promotes phosphorus acquisition in the rhizosphere of wheat     

Ljiljana Kostic  Nina Nikolic  Jelena Samardzic  Mira Milisavljevic  Vuk Maksimović  Dragan Cakmak  Dragan Manojlovic  Miroslav Nikolic 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(3):289-298

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Influence of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Rhyzopertha dominica (F) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)     

Kavallieratos NG  Athanassiou CG  Pashalidou FG  Andris NS  Tomanović Z 《Pest management science》2005,61(7):660-666

Laboratory bioassays were carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of two diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Insecto and SilicoSec, against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F) in eight different grain commodities. The adherence of the two DEs to each grain was also measured. The eight grains tested were wheat, whole barley, peeled barley, oats, rye, triticale, rice and maize. These commodities were treated with the DEs at three rates, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 g DE kg(-1) grain. The mortality of R dominica adults was measured after 24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days of exposure in the treated grains at 26 degrees C and 55% RH. After the 14-day mortality count, all adults were removed and the treated grains retained under the same conditions for a further 60 days. The treated grains were subsequently examined for F1 progeny. Significant differences were recorded among the eight grain types as well as between the DE formulations tested. After 14 days of exposure, even at the lowest DE rate for both formulations, adult mortality was high (>90%) in wheat and triticale. In contrast, adult mortality was significantly lower in peeled barley. Increasing the rate improved the efficacy of the DEs significantly in only some of the grains tested. Reproductive capacity in all the treated grains was significantly suppressed when compared with untreated grains. Generally, more F1 individuals of R dominica were noted in the treated peeled barley than in the other commodities. Significant differences in the percentage of DE retention were noted among the eight grains. The highest retention level was noted in rice (>87%) and the lowest in maize (<6%). However, the degree of DE adherence to a given grain was not always indicative of the effectiveness of DE against R dominica.  相似文献   

Monitoring and treatment of Fascioloides magna in semi-farm red deer husbandry in Croatia     

Janicki Z  Konjević D  Severin K 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(Z2):83-88

The presence of American liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) in Croatian wild ruminant species was detected for the first time in January 2000. At the same time, the problem of adequate parasitological monitoring and treatment appeared in the captive deer population. Quarantine and health screening protocols, as well as migration and transportation influence had to be evaluated in red deer husbandry. Non-invasive methods were introduced to estimate the prevalence of F. magna in the semi-farm rearing system. Coprological analysis has been performed on 264 faecal samples. The most effective antiparasitic treatment was implemented on herd and individual treatment. Treatment was extended to the free-ranging population of deer in the same region.  相似文献   

Antimutagenic effects of extracts from sage (Salvia officinalis) in mammalian system in vivo     

Vujosević M  Blagojević J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2004,52(4):439-443

Naturally occurring antimutagenic factors, especially those of plant origin, have recently become a subject of intensive research. Antimutagenic properties of terpenoid fractions of sage (Salvia officinalis) were tested in mammalian system in vivo through examining the ability of sage to decrease the frequency of aberrant cells induced by a potent mutagen. First, groups of mice were treated with three concentrations of sage alone and it was established that the frequency of aberrant cells after treatment with a concentration of 25 microL/kg was not significantly different from the negative control (olive oil), while that found after treatment with the 50 microL/kg concentration differed significantly (chi2(1) = 4.05, p < 0.05). Sage used at a concentration of 100 microL/kg was cytotoxic. Mitomycin C (MMC), known as a potent mutagen, was used for induction of chromosome aberrations. Post-treatment with sage suppressed the effects of MMC significantly. Both concentrations (25 microL/kg and 50 microL/kg) produced a significant decrease in the frequency of aberrations relative to MMC (chi2(1) = 5.42, p < 0.02, chi2(1) = 14.93, p < 0.001, respectively). The percent of aberrations decreased with increasing concentrations of sage. Only nontoxic concentrations of sage without mutagenic effects can be recommended for use as inhibitors of mutagenesis or carcinogenesis.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from finishing swine and the environment of 60 Alberta swine farms   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Rajić A  McFall ME  Deckert AE  Reid-Smith R  Manninen K  Poppe C  Dewey CE  McEwen SA 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,104(3-4):189-196

The study objective was to describe and evaluate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Salmonella isolated from Alberta swine finishing farms. Salmonella isolates (n = 322) were obtained from 192 fecal and 84 environmental samples of the 60 Salmonella-positive swine finishing farms. Isolates were classified susceptible, intermediate or resistant based on NCCLS guidelines. More than half of the isolates (53.4%) were susceptible to all of the 18 antimicrobials in the testing panel. No resistance was observed to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem or nalidixic acid. Less than 1% of isolates were resistant to apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Higher frequencies of resistance were observed for chloramphenicol (4.7%), ampicillin (7.8%), kanamycin (11.8%), sulfamethoxazole (21.1%), streptomycin (25.5%) and tetracycline (38.8%). Eleven Salmonella serovars had isolates with resistance to > or =3 antimicrobials. The most frequently resistant serovar was Salmonella Derby, with 27 (38.0%) isolates resistant to > or =3 antimicrobials, including resistance to five and six antimicrobials. An absence of resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquniolones and a low proportion of isolates resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are encouraging findings from public health and animal health perspectives. Frequent resistance observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline, antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary medicine for decades, indicates an urgent need to utilize these antimicrobials more prudently if their benefits are to be preserved.  相似文献   

Oxidant/antioxidant properties of Croatian native propolis     

Sobocanec S  Sverko V  Balog T  Sarić A  Rusak G  Likić S  Kusić B  Katalinić V  Radić S  Marotti T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(21):8018-8026

Native propolis was defined as propolis powder collected from the continental part of Croatia and prepared according to a patented process that preserves all the propolis natural nutritional and organoleptic qualities. Nine phenolic compounds (out of thirteen tested) in propolis sample were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Among them chrysin was the most abundant (2478.5 microg/g propolis). Contrary to moderate antioxidant activity of propolis examined in vitro (ferric reduction antioxidant power; FRAP-assay), propolis as a food supplement modulated antioxidant enzymes (AOE) and significantly decreased lipid peroxidation processes (LPO) in plasma, liver, lungs, and brain of mice. The effect was dose- and tissue-dependent. The lower dose (100 mg/kg bw) protected plasma from oxidation, whereas the higher dose (300 mg/kg bw) was pro-oxidative. Hyperoxia (long-term normobaric 100% oxygen) increased LPO in all three organs tested. The highest vulnerability to oxidative stress was observed in lungs where hyperoxia was not associated with augmentation of AOE. Propolis protected lungs from hyperoxia by increased catalase (CAT) activity. This is of special importance for lungs since lungs of adult animals are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress because of their inability to augment AOE activity. Because of its strong antioxidant and scavenging abilities, native propolis might be used as a strong plant-based antioxidant effective not only in physiological conditions but also in cases that require prolonged high concentration of oxygen.  相似文献   

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Czech Republic     

Holko I  Machova J  Hornickova J  Tomci M  Nagl I  Horyna B  Nagy A 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(21):741-742

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