Effect of various parameters on the chemical grafting of amide monomers to poly(lactic acid)     

Abolfazl Zare  Mohammad Morshed  Rouhollah Bagheri  Keikhosro Karimi 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(11):1783-1793

Radical melt graft copolymerizations of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with amide monomers using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator during reactive extrusion is studied. The effects of two monomer types at various concentrations, reaction temperatures and initiator concentrations on the grafting yield are investigated. The results showed that percentage of grafting was significantly enhanced by increasing benzoyl peroxide concentrations up to 12 mpm and then decreased by an increase in the initiator concentration. Furthermore, increasing each monomer concentration up to 450 mpm, improved the grafting yield significantly. Further increase brings about a marked fall in the grafting yield. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), back titration and nitrogen analyses confirmed that monomers of acrylamide and methacrylamide were successfully grafted onto PLA. The Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) data showed that the molecular weight of the grafted PLA samples under optimum conditions does not show any dramatic drop of PLA molecular weight by thermal degradation or hydrolysis of polyester chains, while the polydispersity index is poorly affected by the chemical modification of PLA. Also, the monomer structures affected the grafting yield as well as polymer chain combination. In addition under the same conditions, the grafting yield of acrylamide was more than that of methacrylamide. Thermal properties, molecular weight, density, moisture regain and tensile properties of the samples were also measured.  相似文献   

The effect of carbon black nanoparticles on some properties of air plasma printed cotton/polyamide 6 fabrics     

Mohammad Khajeh Mehrizi  Sayed Majid Mortazavi  Shadpour Mallakpour  Seyed Mansour Bidoki  Michel Vik  Martina Vikova 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(10):1620-1626

In this study, cotton/nylon blended fabrics were treated with atmospheric air plasma at various times (30–60 s) and were subsequently printed with pastes containing carbon black nanoparticles. Properties of plasma treated fabrics such as visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance, water contact angle, air permeability, and color fastness were measured. It was shown that increasing plasma treatment time decreases reflection level of treated fabrics in Vis-NIR region. Plasma treatment also enhanced the hydrophobicity of cotton/nylon fabrics observed by an increase in water contact angle. Plasma treated samples for 60 s demonstrated lower air permeability than those treated for 30 s. Furthermore, printed samples possessed acceptable levels of fastness against washing, light and crocking.  相似文献   

A comparative study on behavioral,physiological, and adrenal changes in buffaloes during the first stage of labor with normal and difficult parturition     

Derar Refaat Ibraheem Mohammad  Mootaz Ahmad Mohammad Abdel-Rahman 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(1):46-50

The present study was primarily carried out to trace the behavioral, physiological, and adrenal changes during the first stage of labor in cases of dystocia, either in parturient buffalo heifers or cows, and their clinical significance. Of the 118 investigated buffalo herds, 40 cows (dystocia = 20 and eutocia = 20) and 40 heifers (dystocia = 20 and eutocia = 20) were used in this study. Cows approaching actual birth were transferred to a calving box with straw bedding. Behavior of the studied animals was recorded from the time that the animal was moved to the calving box until the emergence of the fetal limbs in the vulval lips. If no progress in parturition was observed within two hours after the rupture of fetal sacs (end of the first stage), these cases were considered as suffering dystocia. As the fetal limbs emerged from the birth canal, animals were examined clinically to determine their average pulse and respiratory rates as well as body temperature. Blood samples were collected to determine the cow/heifers cortisol level. Results of the present study indicated that dystocia was accompanied by disturbed physiological status and cortisol levels. Practical monitoring system of parturient animals, through observing behavioral, physiological, and adrenal aspects during calving, should be regarded to expect dystocia and provide help for the animal in the appropriate time.  相似文献   

Accumulation of heavy metal in Platanus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Fraxinus rotundifolia     

Sajjad Hosseinzadeh Monfared  Mohammad Matinizadeh  Anoushirvan Shirvany  Ghavamedin Zahedi Amiri  Reza Mousavi Fard  Fariba Rostami 《林业研究》2013,24(2):391-395

Plants are capable of reducing environmental pollutions through uptaking contaminants in their tissues. In the study site, twenty one-year-old leaves and shoots as well as twenty soil samples were sampled and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). We investigated the uptaking ability of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by the leaves and shoots of Platanus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Fraxinus rotundifolia in Karaj city, the western Tehran, Iran. We also evaluated the total metal accumulation capacity by using metal accumulation index (MAI). Results indicated that there was no significant difference in uptaking contents of Cd and Pb in the leaves among the trees. However accumulation of Cd in shoots of F. rotundifolia and R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than that of P. orientalis. The accumulation of Pb in shoots of R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than the other species. The amount of Pb in the soil of the study area was significantly higher than Cd. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in leaves of the three species are in the ranges of 2.4 2.7 mg Kg-1 and 7.1 14.4 mg Kg-1 , respectively. R. pseudoacacia had the highest MAI value for leaves (2.21) and F. rotundifolia had the highest MAI value for shoots (2.4).  相似文献   

Investigation of salinity impacts on germination and growth of two forest tree species at seedling stage     

Seyed Mohammad Hosseini Nasr  Sekineh Kiani Savadkoohi  Elahe Ahmadi 《林业研究》2013,24(4):703-708

Soil salinity is becoming an increasingly serious constraint to plant growth in many parts of the world;this is particularly common in semi-arid and arid zones. This study was conducted to evaluate the...  相似文献   

Improve regression-based models for prediction of internal-bond strength of particleboard using Buckingham’s pi-theorem     

Akbar Rostampour Haftkhani  Mohammad Arabi 《林业研究》2013,24(4):735-740

Internal bond (IB) strength is one of the most important me-chanical properties that indicate particleboard quality. The aim of this study was to find a simple regression model that considers the most ...  相似文献   

Prosopis farcta beans increase HDL cholesterol and decrease LDL cholesterol in ostriches (Struthio camelus)     

Arash Omidi  Hossein Ansari nik  Mahmood Ghazaghi 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):431-434

Ten blue-neck male ostriches (Struthio camelus) were fed Prosopis farcta beans throughout a 30-day experiment. Blood samples were collected from ostriches on days 0 and 30 to measure levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). From days 0 to 30, HDL cholesterol, total protein, and globulins levels increased significantly whereas LDL cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and γ-GT activity decreased significantly.  相似文献   

Investigation in early growth traits, litter size, and lamb survival in two Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds     

Hadi Atashi  Jamshid Izadifard  Mohammad Javad Zamiri  Amir Akhlaghi 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):1051-1054

In the present study, 1,635 lambing records of Ghezel (n?=?766) and Mehraban (n?=?869) breeds were used to evaluate the early growth traits, litter size, and lamb survival in sheep reared in Fars Province, southern Iran, during a 5-year-long period. The least squares means (± SE) of lamb birth weight for Ghezel were 5.27 (±0.22), 5.02 (±0.22), and 3.98 (±0.23) kg for single males, single females, and twin lambs, respectively; whereas, the corresponding values for Mehraban were 4.39 (±0.18), 4.18 (±0.18), and 3.50 (±0.19) kg. The least squares means of pre-weaning lamb growth (gram per day) for Ghezel were 239 (±15), 218 (±15), and 181 (±16) for single males, single females, and twin lambs, respectively, and the corresponding values for Mehraban were 204 (±12), 187 (±12), and 156 (±13). Lambs from 2 year old ewes or younger were on average lighter at birth and at weaning and had a lower average daily gain than those from older ewes (P?<?0.05). The percentage of twin births increased from 1.1 and 1.3 % for ewes aged ≤ 2 years to 19 and 12 % for those aged ≥ 6 years old in Ghezel and Mehraban, respectively (P?<?0.05). The mean pre-weaning lamb mortality was 7.1 and 4.1 % for Ghezel and Mehraban, respectively.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Investigation on early growth traits, litter size, and lamb survival in two Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds     

Hadi Atashi  Jamshid Izadifard  Mohammad Javad Zamiri  Amir Akhlaghi 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):1055-1055

  相似文献   

Mapping of QTLs for Germination Characteristics under Non-stress and Drought Stress in Rice     

Zahra MARDANI  Babak RABIEI  Hossein SABOURI  Atefeh SABOURI 《水稻科学》2013,20(6):391-399

Identification of genetic factors controlling traits associated with seed germination under drought stress conditions, leads to identification and development of drought tolerant varieties. Present study by using a population of F2：, derived from a cross between a drought tolerant variety, Gharib （indica） and a drought sensitive variety, Sepidroud （indica）, is to identify and compare QTLs associated with germination traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Through QTL analysis, using composite interval mapping, regarding traits such as germination rate （GR）, germination percentage （GP）, radicle length （RL）, plumule length （PL）, coleorhiza length （COL） and coleoptile length （CL）, totally 13 QTLs were detected under pole drought stress （-8 MPa poly ethylene glycol 6000） and 9 QTLs under non-stress conditions. Of the QTLs identified under non-stress conditions, QTLs associated with COL （qCOL-5） and GR （qGR-1） explained 21.28% and 19.73% of the total phenotypic variations, respectively Under drought stress conditions, QTLs associated with COL （qCOL-3） and PL （qPL-5） explained 18.34% and 18.22% of the total phenotypic variations, respectively. A few drought-tolerance-related QTLs identified in previous studies are near the QTLs detected in this study, and several QTLs in this study are novel alleles. The major QTLs like qGR-1, qGP-4, qRL-12 and qCL-4 identified in both conditions for traits GR, GP, RL and CL, respectively, should be considered as the important and stable trait-controlling QTLs in rice seed germination. Those major or minor QTLs could be used to significantly improve drought tolerance by marker-assisted selection in rice.  相似文献