Prevalence, molecular diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma conjunctivae isolated from infectious keratoconjunctivitis affected Lohi sheep maintained at Livestock Experiment Station, Bahadurnagar, Okara, Pakistan     

Waseem Shahzad  Rashid Munir  Mohammad Younus Rana  Rashid Ahmad  Mohammad Sarwar Khan  Ghulam Akbar  Mohammad Ijaz  Fayyaz Mehmood 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):737-742

Mycoplasma conjunctivae are etiological agents of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), commonly known as pink-eye in domestic sheep, goats and other wild animals in many parts of the world. A few young Lohi lambs maintained at Livestock Experiment Station (LES), Bahadurnagar, Okara, Pakistan showed clinical signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis, keratitis, severe lacrimation and varying degree of blindness. During January to March, 2011, a total of 36 ocular swabs were collected from IKC affected animals and were processed for isolation, identification, and characterization of M. conjunctivae. Sixteen (44.44 %) out of 36 samples showed turbidity in PPLO broth. Twelve (75 %) out of 16 broth samples showed colony growth on PPLO agar. All 16 (44.44 %) out of 36 turbid broth samples, 12 (75 %) out of 16 cultured on agar plate samples, and 21 (59 %) out of 36 sheep ocular direct swab samples were found positive for M. conjunctivae through polymerase chain reaction test by using M. conjunctivae-specific primer pair McoF1 and McoR1 and detecting a 750 base pair fragment on agarose gel. Topical application of 0.5 % sterile solution of gentamycin (100 mg/ml) (Gentafar 10 %, FARVET, Netherlands) proved suitable for the treatment of IKC in Lohi lambs as all clinical signs of IKC disappeared after 5 days of treatment with this antibiotic. This is the first report about the prevalence, molecular diagnosis, and treatment of M. conjunctivae in Lohi sheep affected with infectious keratoconjunctivitis at LES, Bahadurnagar, Okara, Pakistan.  相似文献   

The population structure of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis in Iran analyzed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis     

Rainak Ghaderi  Keyvan Tadayon  Sargis Avagyan  Pejvak Khaki  Soheila Moradi Bidhendi  Ken James Forbes  Nader Mosavari  Mohammad Reza Toroghi  Farhad Moosakhani  Reza Banihashemi  Mohamad Sekhavati  Nasim Karimnasab 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):889-894

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is the most frequent etiological agent of salmonellosis in humans and poultry. To understand the genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis in Iran, we examined 69 chicken isolates from 18 broiler farms and six non-epidemic human isolates from six geographically distant provinces by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Among SE2, SE3, SE5, SE7, SE8, SENTR4, and SENTR7, only SE5 with four and SENTR7 with two alleles, respectively, proved variable giving estimates of locus genetic diversity of 0.58 and 0. In all, six closely related MLVA profiles were identified among which three were commonly represented by human and chicken isolates. This population homogeneity contrasts with the high diversity at these loci reported elsewhere and is likely a consequence of a single clone of S. Enteritidis distributed across Iran.  相似文献   

Interactive Effect of GA3, N and P Ameliorate Growth,Seed and Fibre Yield by Enhancing Photosynthetic Capacity and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity of Linseed: A Dual Purpose Crop     

Mohammad N. Khan  Firoz Mohammad 《农业科学学报》2013,12(7):1183-1194

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important dual-purpose, industrial crop. Its seeds are used for the extraction of oil and stem for fibres. However, the production of linseed is not going parallel with the increasing demand of its products. The present work was carried out with an aim to find out whether exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA₃) with or without graded levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) could improve the performance of three linseed genotypes Parvati, Shekhar and Shubhra together with minimizing the costly fertilizer input and losses. Four combinations of N and P, viz., 0 mg N+0 mg P kg^?1 soil (N₀P₀), N_13.4P_4.46, N_26.8P_8.94 and N_40.2P_13.4 were constituted. Half dose of each combination was applied basally at the time of sowing and remaining half dose was given at 40 d after sowing (DAS) as foliar spray along with 10^?6 mol L^?1 GA₃. Prior to sowing, the seeds of each linseed genotype were grouped in to two, one group of seeds was soaked in 0 mol L^?1 GA₃ (control) and the other group was soaked in 10^?6 M GA₃ solution, each for 8 hours. Treatments were comprised of (i) 0 mol L^?1 GA₃+N₀P₀ (T₀, control), (ii) 10^?6 mol L^?1 GA₃ + N₁₃₄P₄₄₆ (T₁), (iii) 10^?6 mol L^?1 GA₃+N_26.8P_8.94 (T₂) and (iv) 10^?6 mol L^?1 GA₃+N_40.2P_13.4 (T₃). The crop performance was assessed in terms of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters at 60 and 75 DAS and yield attributes at harvest (175 DAS). The results showed a parallel increase in most of the parameters with increasing levels of N and P. However, application of 10^?6 mol L^?1 GA₃ in association with N_26.8P_8.94 proved best, it enhanced seed yield, oil yield and fibre yield by 83.3, 97.3 and 78.7%, respectively accompanied with increase in net photosynthetic rate, carbonic anhydrase activity and dry matter accumulation. Among the genotypes tested, Shubhra performed best, while Parvati the least for most of the parameters studied. Thus, combined application of 10^?6 mol L^?1 GA₃ plus N_26.8P_8.94 proved best and can be recommended to exploit the linseed as a dual-purpose crop for good yield of seed and fibre.  相似文献   

Modelling water stress to urban amenity grass in Manchester UK under climate change and its potential impacts in reducing urban cooling     

S.E. Gill  M.A. Rahman  J.F. Handley  A.R. Ennos 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(3):350-358

It is well known that the evapotranspiration of vegetation such as grass can help to reduce the urban heat island. However, the cooling can be reduced or lost in summer droughts, when soils dry out, an effect that is likely to be more pronounced and occur for longer as climate change proceeds. Here we modelled the likely effect of climate change on the droughting of amenity grass in Greater Manchester, UK. We used a simple Bucket model, with data on Greater Manchester's soils, and its current and anticipated precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. This was experimentally validated by measuring the weight loss of ryegrass turves. The results show a dramatic increase in drought, especially in the drier south west of the conurbation, with some areas exhibiting reduced evapotranspiration for 3–5 months by the 2080s, and evapotranspiration reducing by over a half for 1–2 months, in an average year. Such changes could have large effects on the urban heat island, resulting in increases in surface temperatures of up to 15 °C in areas where grass accounts for a large proportion of the surface cover. The problem could be overcome by irrigation of grassland so that it will continue to provide cooling, and it is shown that runoff from large rainfall events could in theory provide adequate irrigation water, particularly in highly built-up areas.  相似文献   

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for canine trapped neutrophil syndrome and high frequency of the mutant allele in Border collies     

Keijiro Mizukami  Akira Yabuki  Takuji Kawamichi  Hye-Sook Chang  Mohammad M. Rahman  Mohammad M. Uddin  Moeko Kohyama  Osamu Yamato 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):260-261

Trapped neutrophil syndrome is an autosomal recessive inherited neutropenia in Border collies. The causative mutation is a 4 base pair deletion in exon 19 of the canine VPS13B gene. In this study, a real-time PCR assay was developed and a genotyping survey was carried out in Border collies in Japan. The carrier frequency was 11.1%, suggesting that the mutant allele frequency is high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease.  相似文献   

Physiological traits related to drought tolerance in tall fescue     

Maryam Ebrahimiyan  Mohammad Mahdi Majidi  Aghafakhr Mirlohi  Abbas Noroozi 《Euphytica》2013,190(3):401-414

The physiological basis of genetic variation in drought response and its association with yield and related indices is not clear in tall fescue. In this study thirty genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were sampled from a polycross population and evaluated under two levels of irrigation in 2010 (normal and intense stress) and 2011 (normal and mild stress). Physiological traits including relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll (TChl), chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), Chla/Chlb, carotenoids (Car), TChl/Car and proline content along with forage yield, agro-morpholgical traits and selection indices (stress tolerance index, STI and drought susceptibility index, DSI) were studied. Large variation and moderate to high heritability was estimated for most of the studied traits. Intense drought condition decreased chlorophyll content while mild stress significantly increased it. In the other hand intense drought stress increased Chla/b while mild stress didn’t change it. Under mild drought stress condition STI was positively correlated with RWC while under intense drought stress condition STI was positively correlated with chlorophyll content. Although proline content was significantly increased in both intense and mild drought stress conditions, no relationship was found between proline accumulation with forage yield and STI. Applications of principle component analysis for screening suitable genotypes are also discussed.  相似文献   

Toxicity and antitermite activity of the essential oils from Cinnamomum camphora, Cymbopogon nardus, Melaleuca cajuputi and Dipterocarpus sp. against Coptotermes curvignathus     

K. Roszaini  M. A. Nor Azah  J. Mailina  S. Zaini  Z. Mohammad Faridz 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(6):1273-1284

Efficacy of four different essential oils against the subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, was assessed in various bioassays. Laboratory results indicate that the highest termite mortality was found in Dipterocarpus sp. essential oil after 24 h (LC₅₀ = 1.62 %) and the lowest in Melaleuca cajuputi (LC₅₀ = 4.60 %). The wood consumption in the filter paper treated with Dipterocarpus sp. oil is also smaller than for the other three essential oils tested. However, the other three essential oils also inhibited termite susceptibility of the specimens. Dipterocarpus sp. (keruing oil) was the most effective insect antifeedant and repellent against C. curvignathus. The results suggest that essential oils might have some beneficial activity of economic value and are considered good candidates for the development of new chemicals (repellents or antifeedants) for termite control.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and cultivated bulb weight effects on radiation and nitrogen-use efficiency, carbon partitioning and production of Persian shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.)     

Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei  Mohammad Kafi  Mohammad Bannayan 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(3):237-244

Persian shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.) was grown under fully irrigated conditions in a 2-year-field experiment (2010–2012) in the northeast of Iran to study and determine (i) radiation and nitrogen-use efficiency, (ii) growth analysis, (iii) carbon partitioning, and (iv) biomass production under different rates of nitrogen and cultivated bulb weights. The field experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of four nitrogen levels (control (100), 200, 250, and 300 kg ha^?1) and two levels of cultivated bulb weight (10–20 and 20–30 g) with three replications in both years of the experiment. Our results showed that increasing the nitrogen rate and bulb weight significantly enhanced Persian shallot production. Radiation-use efficiency (1.06 to 1.27 g MJ^?1), maximum crop growth rate (8.3 to 11.2 g m^?2 d^?1), and maximum leaf area index (1.3 to 2.6) showed a positive correlation with nitrogen rate and bulb weight. Nevertheless, nitrogen-use efficiency (0.87 to 2.38 g bulb per g nitrogen) indicated a negative relationship with applied nitrogen rate. Moreover, increasing the nitrogen application rate increased the carbon allocation to above-ground organs. On the other hand, nitrogen limited conditions increased the carbon allocation to underground organs and carbon remobilization from stem and leaves to bulbs during the late growth season. Increasing the nitrogen application rate and bulb weight may be appropriate practices for enhancing Persian shallot production; however, evaluation of the impact of nitrogen on the quality of bulbs needs to be investigated.  相似文献   

Effect of wood chip application on root growth of oak seedling and weed control in northern Iran     

Armin Mashayekhan  Seyed Mohammad Hojjati 《林业研究》2013,24(3):607-610

It was hypothesized that wood chips can serve as a mulch to improve the growth of young trees by facilitating the development of their root systems, inhibiting weed germination, and suppressing weed growth. The present study was carried out in Ghorogh Nursery, Golestan Northern Iran, in order to investigate the impact of wood chips application on root growth of oak (Quercus castaneifolia) seedlings and control of weed. A three centimeter wood chip layer was used on the soil surface as the mulch treatment with bare soil as the control. The number of new roots, the length of exciting roots and the density of weeds were measured after 5 and 12 weeks. Results showed that wood chip application had significant positive effect on the length of excising roots after 5 and 12 weeks compared with control seedlings. Also, weeds were reduced to near zero levels in treated plot. Our findings suggested that wood chip layer on the soil surface in the nursery can conserve soil moisture and prevent nutrient leaching from the rooting zone as well as diminish weed growth which consequently lead to production of high quality seedling.  相似文献   

Effects of Atorvastatin on the Hypertension-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain     

Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi  Reza Amini  Zahra Jahanbakhsh  Shahnaz Shekarforoush 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(3):152-157

Background: It is well known that the development of brain oxidative stress is one of the most serious complications of arterial hypertension that evokes brain tissue damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of atorvastatin treatment (20 mg/kg/day), as an antioxidant, to prevent the brain tissue oxidative stress in the hypertensive (HTN) rats. Methods: Experiments were performed in four groups of rats (n = 5 each group): sham, sham-treated, HTN and HTN treated. Rats were made HTN by aortic constriction above the renal arteries. After 30 days, rats were slaughtered under deep anesthesia to remove brain hemispheres. After tissue homogenization, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as glutathione (GSH) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were determined by biochemical methods. Results: In HTN rats, arterial blood pressure was increased about 40% and brain enzyme activities of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased compared with sham group. Induction of hypertension significantly decreased GSH content and increased MDA level of brain tissue. Treatment with atorvastatin enhanced the activity of SOD and prevented from GSH decrement during hypertension. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, treatment with atorvastatin might have saved the brain tissue of HTN rats from hypertension-induced oxidative stress. Key Words: Atorvastatin, Aortic coarctation, Oxidative stress, Hypertension  相似文献