Large-scale high throughput screening of sugar beet germplasm using a nanobiosensor and its comparison with ELISA method for resistance to Polymyxabetae     

Fatemeh Hassanzadeh Davarani  Hossein Safarpour  Mohamamd Reza Safarnejad  Afshin Mohsenifar  Seyed Bagher Mahmoudi  Mojdeh Kakoueinejad  Meisam Tabatabaei 《Euphytica》2014,200(3):389-399

Identification of resistance resources of sugar beet germplasm against Polymyxa betae has always been a critical concern among sugar beet breeders. In the present study, two different methods including the DAS-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and a nanobiosensor method based on florescent resonance transfer energy (FRET) were compared in order to achieve resistant germplasm. More specifically, 58 sugar beet germplasm as well as two negative and two positive controls were cultivated in infested soil under greenhouse conditions. The contamination level or in another words sensitivity and specificity observed based on the ELISA readings was inaccurately lower in comparison with the investigated nanobiosensor. Moreover, the nanobiosensor was 70 folds less time consuming compared to the ELISA method, for the immuno-reaction was much faster and no sample treatment steps were required. As a result, the quantum dots-FRET-based nanobiosensor investigated herein could well suit the task of everyday screening of resistance resource and could be efficiently used in breeding programs.  相似文献   

Analysis of mode of inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance in castor (Ricinus communis L.)     

Anjani Kammili  Mohammad A. Raoof 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(1):101-107

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important industrial oilseed crop grown worldwide. Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ricini is a devastating disease in castor. The inheritance mode of wilt resistance was investigated. The F₁, F₂ and backcross generations of four crosses involving four resistant and three susceptible parents were developed. The role of digenic (R¹ and R²) epistatic interactions on wilt resistance was confirmed. The 15 : 1, 9 : 7 and 13 : 3 ratios indicated duplicate dominant, duplicate recessive and dominant and recessive epistatic interactions, respectively. Castor parents used in the crosses exhibited varied inheritance modes. All generations of a cross exhibited similar inheritance mode when parents were comparable. However, generations varied in inheritance mode when parents were not comparable in inheritance mode. These results would have practical interest when decisions are required regarding the choice of parents and methodology in resistance and hybrid breeding. The results also provided a basis for investigating molecular genetics of wilt resistance mechanisms.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of salt tolerance at seedling and reproductive stages in rice (Oryza sativa)     

Reza Mohammadi  Merlyn S. Mendioro  Genaleen Q. Diaz  Glenn B. Gregorio  Rakesh K. Singh 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(5):548-559

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice production across rice areas as high‐yielding modern rice varieties are generally sensitive to salt stress. The study was conducted to deduce heritability and combining ability estimates of rice for various morphological and physiological traits using a 7 × 7 full‐diallel‐cross analysis at seedling and reproductive stages. The salinity stress treatment was 12 dS m^?1 at the seedling stage and 8 dS m^?1 at the reproductive stage. Diallel analysis revealed high for salinity tolerance scores and shoot height, moderate for shoot dry weight and root dry weight and low for Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. The low‐to‐moderate narrow‐sense heritability for number of panicles, number of fertile spikelets, grain weight, spikelet fertility and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio suggests a large breeding population and delayed selection for tolerance until later generations. Significant maternal effects indicate that selection of the female parent is very important for desired trait development. The results of this study confirmed that salinity tolerance at the seedling and reproductive stages is regulated by a different set of genes that could be pyramided using different donors to enhance the level of tolerance.  相似文献   

Growth analysis of rhizomania infected and healthy sugar beet     

Javad Rezaei  Mohammad Bannayan  Ahmad Nezami  Mohsen Mehrvar  Bagher Mahmoodi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):59-69

Viral disease of rhizomania is one of the most important diseases of sugar beet all over the world. The disease significantly has reduced the yield and quality of sugar beet, and has imposed high economic loss to farmers. Long-term breeding programs to introduce tolerant cultivars are the only chance of avoiding further yield losses. This study tried to measure and analyze the growth of shoots and roots of rhizomania-tolerant and -susceptible sugar beet with the aim of providing information for modeling of the rhizomania effects on the growth of sugar beet. Growth indices were used for analyzing, quantification, and time-course of sugar beet growth under infested and non-infested soils conditions. A 2-year experiment was conducted using four sugar beet cultivars in 2010 and 2011 in Mashhad, Iran. The results of this study showed that under infested soils, root dry matter and leaf area index of the susceptible cultivars in comparison to tolerant cultivars were lower by 57 and 24%, respectively. In addition, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate of susceptible cultivars were affected by rhizomania and were lower than in tolerant cultivars. On non-infested soil, the difference between dry matter and growth indices of susceptible and tolerant sugar beet cultivars was not significant. Rhizomania decreased green area and photosynthesis capacity and led to lower growth rate and dry matter production. Our study quantified the growth of rhizomania-infested sugar beet plants in comparison with non-infested plants and provided information to be used for modeling of the rhizomania effects on the growth of sugar beet.  相似文献   

Impacts of decentralized fish fingerling production in irrigated rice fields in Northwest Bangladesh     

Mohammad Mahfujul Haque  David C Little  Benoy K Barman  Md Abdul Wahab  Trevor C Telfer 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(4):655-674

Rice field‐based fish seed production (RFFSP) has become established in parts of Northwest Bangladesh (NWB) as part of promoting improved rice‐based livelihoods. The impact of RFFSP on adopting households in terms of interactions of assets and other activities was assessed in a comparison of seed‐producing (RF; n = 60) and non‐seed‐producing (NRF; n = 58) households that were sampled randomly and ranked as poor, intermediate and better‐off. Adoption of RFFSP was not constrained by illiteracy of the household head, the size or ownership status of ponds, or lack of ownership of land or an irrigation pump. Poorer and intermediate households had smaller RF plots and lower production of fingerlings (kg per household) compared with the better‐off, although production efficiency (kg ha^?1) was higher. Restocking of fingerlings in RF household ponds increased productivity by 60% over NRF. Fish consumption of better‐off RF households exceeded NFR by 50%. Among the poor, seasonal benefits of income from sales and subsistence consumption of fingerlings were significant. Rice production in irrigated, and income in both irrigated and rain‐fed seasons was higher, and production costs lower, in riceplots producing fish than in rice‐only plots. Implications for supporting the innovation networks promoting and establishing RFFSP among rice growers, are discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile beluga (Huso huso L.1758)     

Mahmoud Mohseni  Hamid Reza Pourali  Rezvan Kazemi  Sungchul C Bai 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(11):1832-1841

A 10‐week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile beluga, Huso huso. Fish averaging 1.34 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) was randomly distributed into 18 circular fibreglass tanks of 500 L capacity (20 fish per tank). Six iso‐caloric diets were formulated to contain 30 (CP₃₀), 35 (CP₃₅), 40 (CP₄₀), 45 (CP₄₅), 50 (CP₅₀) and 55% (CP₅₅) crude protein (CP). Fish were fed each of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed CP₄₀ and CP₄₅ diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed CP₃₀, CP₃₅, CP₅₀ and CP₅₅ diets (P < 0.05). Lipid retention increased significantly from 24.7% to 31.6%, but protein retention decreased from 54.6% to 35.6% with increasing protein levels from 30% to 50%. Muscle total essential and non‐essential amino acid (EAA & NEAA) concentrations increased with the dietary protein level up to CP₄₅ diets. Muscle total EAA concentrations (%) of fish fed CP₄₅ were significantly higher than those of fish fed CP₃₀, CP₃₅, CP₅₀ and CP₅₅, but there was no significantly different between those of fish fed CP₄₀ and CP₄₅. Muscle total NEAA concentration (%) of fish fed CP₄₅ were significantly higher than those of fish fed CP₃₀ and CP₃₅ diets. Broken‐line analysis of WG suggested that the optimum dietary protein level could be 38.9% for maximum growth performance in juvenile beluga (1.3–77 g).  相似文献   

Preliminary observations on growth and survival of Oreochromis spilurus x GIFT Oreochromis niloticus F1 reciprocal hybrids in fresh and seawater     

Mohammad T Ridha 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):528-536

Tilapia has a significant potential for culture in saline environments. There is an increasing demand among tilapia producers to develop a tilapia hybrid that can survive well in marine water conditions. This study compared mean weight (MWT), daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (K), production rate (PR) and rate of skin lesions, and tail and fin rot as well as eye cataract in the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia strain (GIFT) of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (NN) and the salt‐tolerant Oreochromis spilurus (SS), and their F₁ reciprocal hybrids; O. niloticus ♀ x O. spilurus ♂ (NS) and O. spilurus ♀ x GIFT O. niloticus ♂ (SN) in freshwater (0 g L^?1) and seawater (40 g L^?1). Fish (3.5 g) were stocked at 150‐fish m^?3 and fed with sea bream pellets (47% protein) for 180 days. Results showed that in seawater, the SN hybrid had the highest values for MWT (165.9 g), DGR (0.9 g fish^?1 day^?1), SGR (2.14% day^?1), survival (96.3%), PR (23.9 kg m^?3) and best FCR (1.53) followed by the NS hybrid and the NN parent. Both hybrids had significantly lower rates of skin lesions and fin and tail rot than the NN genotype. In freshwater, the NN had the highest values for MWT (255.1 g), DGR (1.40 g fish^?1 day^?1), SGR (2.38% day^?1), K (2.13%) and PR (34.9 kg m^?3) followed by the NS and SN hybrids. High estimate of heterosis for MWT (41.3%), DGR (42.5%), SGR (10.7%) and survival (22.1%) was obtained in the hybrids reared in seawater, indicating that a hybrid vigor was produced and the fast growth trait from the GIFT parent was successfully combined with the salinity tolerance trait from the O. spilurus parent. The better growth performance and survival of the SN hybrid in seawater indicate that this hybrid is more suitable for culture in seawater than its reciprocal hybrid.  相似文献   

Diversity of endophytes across the soil-plant continuum for Atriplex spp. in arid environments     

Mohammad E TAHTAMOUNI  Sa&rsquo  eb KHRESAT  Mary LUCERO  Jesus SIGALA  Adrian UNC 《干旱区科学》2016,8(2):241-253

Endophytes are hypothesized to be transferred across the soil-plant continuum, suggesting both the transfers of endophytes from environment to plant and from plant to soil. To verify this hypothesis and to assess the role of locality, we evaluated the similarity of microbial communities commonly found both in soils and endophytic communities in three arid regions, i.e. the Jornada LTER(Long Term Ecological Research) site in New Mexico, USA, and the research station of Jordan University of Science and Technology(JUST) and Khanasri research station in Badia region of Jordan. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, leaves and seeds of Atriplex spp. were sampled. Diversity and distribution of bacteria and fungi across the soil-plant continuums were assessed by tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing and sequence alignment. Of the total bacterial OTUs(operational taxonomic units), 0.17% in Khanasri research station, 0.16% in research station of JUST, and 0.42% in Jornada LTER site were commonly found across all the plant and soil compartments. The same was true for fungi in two regions, i.e. 1.56% in research station of JUST and 0.86% in Jornada LTER site. However, in Khanasri research station, 12.08% of total fungi OTUs were found in at least one soil compartment and one plant compartment. Putative Arthrobacter, Sporosarcina, Cladosporium and members of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were found across all the soil-plant continuums. Ascomycota, mainly including Didymellaceae, Pleosporaceae and Davidiellaceae were present across all the soil-plant continuums. Microbial communities in two regions of Jordan were similar to each other, but both of them were different from the Jornada LTER site of USA. SIMPER(similarity percentage) analysis of bacterial and fungal taxa for both soil and endophyte communities revealed that dissimilarities of two bacterial genera(Arthrobacter and Sporosarcina) and two fungal genera(Cladosporium and Alternaria) are very high, so they play key roles in the soil-plant continuums. A weighed Pearson correlation analysis for the specific bacterial OTUs in the soil-plant continuums only showed high similarity between the two regions of Jordan. However, fungal groups showed higher similarities among all regions. This research supports the hypothesis of continuity of certain bacterial and fungal communities across the soil-plant continuums, and also explores the influences of plant species and geographic specificity on diversity and distribution of bacteria and fungi.  相似文献   

Transcripts of genes encoding reproductive neuroendocrine hormones and androgen receptor in the brain and testis of goldfish exposed to vinclozolin,flutamide, testosterone,and their combinations     

Mahdi Golshan  Hamid R. Habibi  Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(4):1157-1165

Vinclozolin (VZ) is a pesticide that acts as an anti-androgen to impair reproduction in mammals. However, VZ-induced disruption of reproduction is largely unknown in fish. In the present study, we have established a combination exposure in which adult goldfish were exposed to VZ (30 and 100 μg/L), anti-androgen flutamide (Flu, 300 μg/L), and androgen testosterone (T, 1 μg/L) to better understand effects of VZ on reproductive endocrine system. mRNA levels of kisspeptin (kiss-1 and kiss-2) and its receptor (gpr54), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh3) and androgen receptor (ar) in the mid-brain, and luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) in the testis were analyzed and compared with those of control following 10 days of exposure. kiss-1 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to 100 µg/L VZ and to Flu, while kiss-2 mRNA level was increased following exposure to Flu and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. gpr54 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combination of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu and 100 µg/L VZ with T. gnrh3 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to 100 µg/L VZ, to Flu, and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. The mid-brain ar mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. Testicular lhr mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combination of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu. These results suggest that VZ and Flu are capable of interfering with kisspeptin and GnRH systems to alter pituitary and testicular horonal functions in adult goldfish and the brain ar mediates VZ-induced disruption of androgen production.  相似文献   

Growth performance,intestinal histology,and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) in response to dietary inclusion of heat-killed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gordonia bronchialis</Emphasis>     

Sadigheh Shabanzadeh  Maryam Shapoori  Najmeh Sheikhzadeh  Katayoon Nofouzi  Ali Khani Oushani  Mohammad Hamed Najafi Enferadi  Karim Mardani  Amir Ali Shahbazfar 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(1):65-71

  相似文献