Red Stripe of Rice Is Caused by a Bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microbacterium</Emphasis> sp.     

Hisatoshi KAKU  Siti SUBANDIYAH  Hirokazu OCHIAI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(2):149-152

In an etiological study to identify the causal agent of red stripe of rice, white bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from all diseased leaf samples collected in Indonesia. All the bacterial isolates were pathogenic to rice and caused symptoms similar to red stripe. The bacterial infection in rice leaves was confirmed histologically. Bacterial masses were observed in the lumina of xylem vessels in the lesion area, especially in those of connecting strands. Analysis of the 16S rDNA of the causal bacterium gave best matches to the 16S rDNA sequence of Microbacterium spp. of Microbacteriaceae which includes Clavibacter. Received 9 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 16 November 1999  相似文献   

Amino Acid Composition of Developing Larval Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paymon  Roustaian Mohd Salleh  Kamarudin Hishamuddin  Omar Che Roos  Saad Mansor Haji  Ahmad 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2000,31(1):130-136

Abstract.— Amino acid profiles of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were determined during early larval stages (I-IX) to provide some baseline biochemical information of the growing larvae. The larvae obtained from several females were stocked into three 250-L tanks at a density of 30 larvae/L. The feeding regime consisted of newly hatched Artemia nauplii and egg custard containing 5% cod liver oil. For each developmental stage, larval samples from each experimental tank were pooled, freeze dried and after acid hydrolysis, the quantification of amino acids was done by a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography ( N = 2). The highest represented of the total amino acids were for glutamic acid and phenylalanine (with cystine) with ranges from 13.4–16.6 and 9.7–11.5%, respectively, whereas tryptophan (1.4–1.6%). methionine (1.4–2.7%) and histidine (2.9–4.2%) were relatively lower. The levels of the following essential amino acids did not significantly change during larval development: arginine, leucine, phenylalanine (plus cystine), threonine, tryptophan and valine. Despite statistically significant changes that were observed in levels of some amino acids, amino acid composition appeared to be relatively unchanged during the larval growth. The results may suggest that the amino acid requirements of the freshwater prawn is relatively constant during larval life and can be satistied by a suitable protein source that resembles the larval amino acid profile.  相似文献   

In-vitro Metabolism of a Novel Monocrotophos Derivative by Rat and Japanese Quail     

Mohd K. J. Siddiqui  Colin H. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,48(2):141-148

NADPH-dependent inhibition of hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase by a derivative of monocrotophos (coded as RPR-5) was studied in rat and Japanese quail as a measure of monooxygenase-catalysed activation of RPR-5. There was NADPH-dependent inhibition of hepatic microsomal α-naphthyl acetate esterase (carboxylesterase) both in rat and quail, indicating monooxygenase-catalysed formation of an oxon that subsequently phosphorylated α-NaE. The pattern of in-vitro metabolism of ¹⁴C-labelled RPR-5 by 11000g supernatant (11-S), microsomes and 105000g supernatant (105-S) fractions of rat and quail livers suggested the involvement of microsomal monooxygenases and carboxylesterases. A radiolabelled metabolite (M2) was tentatively identified as an acid produced by carboxyl esterase attack. In rat, metabolism by microsomal and cytosolic (105-S) carboxylesterases appeared to predominate with relatively little oxidative metabolism. In quail, putative microsomal carboxylesterase hydrolysis of RPR-5 was much lower than in the rat with almost neglible hydrolysis by cytosolic fractions. Also, production of M₂ by quail microsomes was substantially reduced after addition of NADPH, suggesting inhibition of a carboxyl esterase by the oxon of RPR-5. Differences in this detoxification of RPR-5 between rat and quail may be an important factor in determining selective toxicity and the results underline the importance of relating metabolism to toxicity when selecting animal models for toxicity testing.  相似文献   

Morphology,phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium species from Sansevieria trifasciata in Malaysia     

Yee Jia Kee  Latiffah Zakaria  Masratul Hawa Mohd 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):442-454

Leaf blight is a common disease affecting Sansevieria trifasciata in many countries, including Malaysia. In the present study, Fusarium isolates were consistently recovered from the diseased leaves collected from various locations throughout the country. Based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), intergenic spacer region (IGS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) gene sequences, seven Fusarium species were identified, with F. oxysporum being the most prevalent (67.6%) among 34 isolates. Pathogenicity tests resulted in the discovery of pathogenic isolates that belonged to F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. pseudocircinatum, whereas all isolates of F. brachygibbosum, F. concentricum, F. mangiferae, and F. solani were nonpathogenic. The results suggest that several Fusarium species are accountable for causing disease on S. trifasciata in Malaysia.  相似文献   

Lettuce drop caused by inoculum ofsclerotinia sclerotiorum blown-in from a distance     

Y. Ben-yephet  E. Siti 《Phytoparasitica》1987,15(1):69-71

In seven fields free of local viable sclerotia, the part played bySclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospores transported from outside these fields in the incidence of lettuce drop was determined on plants not sprayed against the fungus. Ascospores were continuously deposited on the crop during the growth period and were found in low numbers in five of the fields (average of 0.4-3.5 per plate) and in high numbers in the two other fields (average values of 22 and 62 ascospores per plate) at each exposure in the two fields, respectively. Lettuce drop was 0-0.2% in the fields with the lower inoculum and 1.5 and 2.5% in those with the higher inoculum. Thus, even though plants were not sprayed, transported inoculum caused negligible yield losses.  相似文献   

Pathological changes,distribution and detection of Brucella melitensis in foetuses of experimentally-infected does     

Mazlina Mazlan  Siti Khairani-Bejo  Hazilawati Hamzah  Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin  Annas Salleh  Mohd Zamri-Saad 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):36

BackgroundBrucellosis of goats is caused by Brucella melitensis. It is a re-emerging zoonotic disease in many countries due to transmission from domestic animals and wildlife such as ibex, deer and wild buffaloes.ObjectiveTo describe the pathological changes, identification and distribution of B. melitensis in foetuses of experimentally infected does.MethodsTwelve female goats of approximately 90 days pregnant were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was exposed intra-conjunctival to 100 µL of sterile PBS while goats of Groups 2, 3 and 4 were similarly exposed to 100 µL of an inoculum containing 10⁹ CFU/mL of live B. melitensis. Goats of these groups were killed at 15, 30 and 60 days post-inoculation, respectively. Foetal fluid and tissues were collected for bacterial identification (using direct bacterial culture, PCR and immuno-peroxidase staining) and histopathological examination.ResultsBilateral intra-conjunctival exposure of pregnant does resulted in in-utero infection of the foetuses. All full-term foetuses of group 4 were either aborted or stillborn, showing petechiations of the skin or absence of hair coat with subcutaneous oedema. The internal organs showed most severe lesions. Immune-peroxidase staining revealed antigen distribution in all organs that became most extensive in group 4. Brucella melitensis was successfully isolated from the stomach content, foetal fluid and various other organs.ConclusionVertical transmission of caprine brucellosis was evident causing mild to moderate lesions in different organs. The samples of choice for isolation and identification of B. melitensis are stomach content as well as liver and spleen tissue.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> Umbadah: A new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> serovar isolated from cattle in Sudan     

H. E. H. Hag Elsafi  M. M. Nor Elmadiena  A. A. El Hussein  M. A. M Siddig  C. A Muckle  L. Cole  E. Wilkie  K. Mistry 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1605-1606

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Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor,Malaysia     

Sabri A. Rahman  Kuan H. Khor  Siti Khairani-Bejo  Seng F. Lau  Mazlina Mazlan  Azri Roslan  Soon H. Goh 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):834

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae (n = 12), Javanica (n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%).  相似文献   

1973—2017年藏北高寒牧区主要气象要素变化特征分析     

次央  洛桑平措  罗布 《中国农学通报》2020,36(7):99-104

为分析全球气候变化下藏北高原主要气象要素的变化特征,采用趋势分析、小波分析、突变点分析等研究方法,利用逐月站点气象数据,分析了1973—2017年藏北高原地区的主要气象要素的多尺度时间变化特征。结果表明：在全球气候变化下藏北高寒牧区的各主要气象要素变化显著,其中气温以0.45℃/10 a速率显著的升高,风速以-0.27 m/(s·10 a)速率呈极显著减小趋势,降水以6.48 mm/10 a速率呈不显著增加趋势;从季节变化来看,春季较为特殊,表现为增温缓慢、风速减幅最大、降水增加最为显著等特点,其他季节在各要素上变化较为均匀;周期变化上在去除显著的全球变暖的线性趋势后气温和降水都存在显著的准3年周期变化,且在发生时域上有互补特征。  相似文献   

Alteration in lymphocyte responses,cytokine and chemokine profiles in chickens infected with genotype VII and VIII velogenic Newcastle disease virus     

Mehdi Rasoli  Swee Keong Yeap  Sheau Wei Tan  Hassan Moeini  Aini Ideris  Mohd Hair Bejo  Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen  Pete Kaiser  Abdul Rahman Omar 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease and one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of virulent NDV genotypes and repeated outbreaks of NDV in vaccinated chickens have raised the need for fundamental studies on the virus–host interactions. In this study, the profiles of B and T lymphocytes and macrophages and differential expression of 26 immune-related genes in the spleen of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, infected with either the velogenic genotype VII NDV strain IBS002 or the genotype VIII NDV strain AF2240, were evaluated. A significant reduction in T lymphocyte population and an increase in the infiltration of IgM⁺ B cells and KUL01⁺ macrophages were detected in the infected spleens at 1, 3 and 4 days post-infection (dpi) (P < 0.05). The gene expression profiles showed an up-regulation of CCLi3, CXCLi1, CXCLi2 (IL-8), IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, TLR7, MHCI, IL-17F and TNFSF13B (P < 0.05). However, these two genotypes showed different cytokine expression patterns and viral load. IBS002 showed higher viral load than AF2240 in spleen at 3 and 4 dpi and caused a more rapid up-regulation of CXCLi2, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-10 at 3 dpi. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CCLI3, CXCLi1, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-1β and iNOS genes were significantly higher in AF2240 at 4 dpi. In addition, the expression levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the IBS002-infected chickens at 3 and 4 dpi. Hence, infection with velogenic genotype VII and VIII NDV induced different viral load and production of cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammatory reactions.  相似文献