RAPD fingerprinting of the eel-loaches Pangio filinaris and Pangio piperata: preliminary evaluation     

A Ruzainah  M N Siti Azizah  I Patimah  & A Amirrudin 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(11):959-965

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to two morphologically similar species of the increasingly popular ornamental eel‐loaches, Pangio filinaris and P. piperata, collected from Kemat River, Terengganu and Padang Sanai River, Kedah, West Malaysia. Forty primers were tested in a preliminary screening. Of these, five (OPA‐03, OPA‐09, OPA‐11, OPA‐13 and OPA‐18) were chosen for their ability to provide consistent amplification. RAPD analysis differentiated the two species, with each showing different RAPD patterns for each primer used. The five primers generated a total of 82 scorable loci with up to 83% and 60% polymorphism in P. piperata and P. filinaris respectively. The RAPD banding patterns of these two species ranged from 2 to 14 fragments, with a size range of 250–2000 bp. Genetic similarity within species ranged from 0.610 to 0.985 (mean 0.799±0.14) for P. piperata and from 0.824 to 0.934 (mean 0.885±0.04) for P. filinaris respectively. The interspecies genetic similarity ranged from 0.386 to 0.486 with an average value of 0.434±0.040. Our study revealed RAPDs as useful genetic markers for the taxonomic clarification and assessment of genetic variability of the eel‐loaches.  相似文献   

The potential of mixed culture of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based systems     

Sharif Uddin  Mohd. Ekram-Ul-Azim  Abdul Wahab  & Marc C J Verdegem 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(3):241-247

The production performance of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton‐based systems were studied in farmers' ponds at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Fifteen ponds (200–300 m² area and 1.0–1.5 m in depth) were used to compare five stocking ratios in triplicate: 100% GIFT, 75% GIFT plus 25% prawn, 50% GIFT plus 50% prawn, 25% GIFT plus 75% prawn and 100% prawn. Ponds were stocked at a total density of 20 000 GIFT and/or prawn ha^?1. Bamboo poles (mean diameter 6.2 cm and 5.5 pole m^?2) were posted in pond bottoms vertically as periphyton substrate. Periphyton biomass in terms of dry matter (DM), ash‐free DM and chlorophyll a were significantly higher in ponds stocked with prawn alone than in ponds with different combinations of GIFT and prawn. Survival of GIFT was significantly lower in ponds stocked with 100% GIFT (monoculture) whereas, that of prawn was significantly higher in its monoculture ponds indicating detrimental effects of GIFT on prawn's survival. Individual weight gains for both species were significantly higher in polyculture than in monoculture. The highest total fish and prawn yield (1623 kg GIFT and 30 kg prawn ha^?1) over 125–140 days culture period was recorded in ponds with 75% GIFT and 25% prawn followed by 100% GIFT alone (1549 kg ha^?1), 50% GIFT plus 50% prawn (1114 kg GIFT and 68 kg prawn ha^?1), 25% GIFT plus 75% prawn (574 kg GIFT and 129 kg prawn ha^?1) and 100% prawn alone (157 kg ha^?1). This combination also gave the highest economic return. Therefore, a stocking ratio of 75% GIFT plus 25% prawn at a total density of 20 000 ha^?1 appeared to be the best stocking ratio in terms of fish production as well as economics for a periphyton‐based polyculture system.  相似文献   

Distribution and status of the Sumatran rhinoceros in Peninsular Malaysia     

Rodney W. Flynn  Mohd.Tajuddin Abdullah 《Biological conservation》1984,28(3):253-273

Distribution and status of the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis in Peninsular Malaysia were studied from 1975 to 1981. We compiled information collected from field surveys, interviews with people living near rhino areas, and the literature. Most potential rhino areas were surveyed on the ground to confirm the presence of animals, estimate numbers, and evaluate the status of the habitat. We confirmed that rhinos presently occur in ten isolated areas scattered throughout the Malay Peninsula. The number of rhinos is estimated at 50 to 75 animals with the Endau-Rompin (20–25), Taman Negara (8–12), and Sungai Dusun (4–6) areas containing the largest contiguous populations. The Sumatran rhino appears threatened with immediate extinction in Peninsular Malaysia. Excessive killing of rhinos because of the high commercial value of their body parts has greatly reduced numbers. Habitat destruction from logging and forest clearance has separated and isolated already small populations. We recommend that conservation efforts for this species in Malaysia be concentrated in the Endau-Rompin region because this population has the best chances for survival.  相似文献   

Changes in Microbial Functional Diversity and Activity in Paddy Soils Irrigated with Industrial Wastewaters in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia     

Siti Khodijah Chaerun  Nurmi P. D. Pangesti  Koki Toyota  William B. Whitman 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,217(1-4):491-502

Characteristics, such as microbial biomass, basal respiration, and functional diversity of the microbial communities, were investigated in paddy soils located in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia, that have been heavily polluted by industrial effluents for 31 years. Paddy soil samples (10?C20 cm) were taken from two sites: polluted soils and unpolluted soils (as control sites). The polluted soils contained higher salinity, higher sodicity, higher nutrient contents, and elevated levels of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn) than unpolluted soils. Soil physicochemical properties, such as maximum water holding capacity, exchangeable sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, and swelling factor, in polluted soils were much greater than those in unpolluted soils (P?<?0.05). Changes in the physical and chemical soil properties were reflected by changes in the microbial communities and their activities. BIOLOG analysis indicated that the functional diversity of the microbial community of polluted soils increased and differed from that of unpolluted soils. Likewise, the average rate of color development (average well color development), microbial biomass (measured as DNA concentration), and the soil CO₂ respiration were higher in polluted soils. These results indicate that major changes in the chemical and physical properties of paddy soils following the application of industrial wastewater effluents have had lasting impacts on the microbial communities of these soils. Thus, the increased activity, biomass, and functional diversity of the microbial communities in polluted soils with elevated salinity, sodicity, and heavy metal contents may be a key factor in enhancing the bioremediation process of these heavily polluted paddy soils.  相似文献   

Menangle and Nipah virus infections of pigs.     

Peter D Kirkland  Peter W Daniels  Mohd Nordin bin Mohd Nor  Robert J Love  Adrian W Philbey  Anthony D Ross 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2002,18(3):557-71, ix

Viruses belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae generally have not been recognized as a significant cause of disease in pigs until recently. Between 1997 and 1999, there were large outbreaks of disease in pigs in Australia and Malaysia due to infection with viruses that have been shown to be new members of the Paramyxoviridae family. This article reviews current knowledge of Menangle and Nipah virus infections in pigs, the only major species of domestic animals to experience serious disease after infection with these viruses.  相似文献   

Experimental transmission of Pasteurella multocida 6:B in goats     

Shafarin MS  Zamri-Saad M  Jamil SM  Siti Khairani B  Saharee AA 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(3):136-139

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by Pasteurella multocida 6:B. Outbreaks of the disease have been closely associated with carrier animals that transmit the organism to susceptible animals during stressful condition. This study was conducted to determine whether goats exposed intranasally to P. multocida 6:B can transmit the organism to contact goats. Thirty-six healthy local Katjang goats were divided into four groups and goats of groups 1 and 3 were each inoculated intranasally with a 1-ml inoculum that contained 1 x 10(9) CFU/ml of live P. multocida 6:B. Following the exposure, all goats of groups 3 and 4 were injected with dexamethasone at the rate of 1 mg/kg for three consecutive days. At the end of the dexamethasone treatment, goats of groups 1 and 2 were commingled but kept separate from goats of groups 3 and 4, which were commingled in another pen. Three surviving goats from each group were killed on days 7, 14 and 21 post-exposure for postmortem examination. Naso-pharyngeal mucus and heart blood were collected on swabs. Tissues from lungs, lymph nodes and tonsils were collected for bacteriological isolation and identification. Only one goat of group 3 died 6 days post-exposure showing clinical signs and lesions typical of HS. Other goats showed mild signs of upper respiratory tract infection. Goats of all groups developed acute mild pneumonic lesions, however, those treated with dexamethasone had significantly (P < 0.05) more extensive lesion scoring based on the lesion scoring system. P. multocida 6:B was isolated from the nasal mucosa and lung lesions of exposed and contact goats not treated with dexamethasone. Exposed and contact goats treated with dexamethasone carried the organism for 21 days. P. multocida isolation from heart blood was made only from exposed and contact goats treated with dexamethasone. P. multocida was isolated from the lymph node of the goat that died during the experiment.  相似文献   

Characterisation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from NDV vaccinated chickens,and the efficacy of LaSota and recombinant genotype VII vaccines against challenge with velogenic NDV     

Kiarash Roohani  Sheau Wei Tan  Swee Keong Yeap  Aini Ideris  Mohd Hair Bejo  Abdul Rahman Omar 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(4):447-457

A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate designated IBS002 was isolated from a commercial broiler farm in Malaysia. The virus was characterised as a virulent strain based on the multiple basic amino acid motif of the fusion (F) cleavage site ¹¹²RRRKGF¹¹⁷ and length of the C-terminus extension of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. Furthermore, IBS002 was classified as a velogenic NDV with mean death time (MDT) of 51.2 h and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of 1.76. A genetic distance analysis based on the full-length F and HN genes showed that both velogenic viruses used in this study, genotype VII NDV isolate IBS002 and genotype VIII NDV isolate AF2240-I, had high genetic variations with genotype II LaSota vaccine. In this study, the protection efficacy of the recombinant genotype VII NDV inactivated vaccine was also evaluated when added to an existing commercial vaccination program against challenge with velogenic NDV IBS002 and NDV AF2240-I in commercial broilers. The results indicated that both LaSota and recombinant genotype VII vaccines offered full protection against challenge with AF2240-I. However, the LaSota vaccine only conferred partial protection against IBS002. In addition, significantly reduced viral shedding was observed in the recombinant genotype VII-vaccinated chickens compared to LaSota-vaccinated chickens.  相似文献   

Physico‐chemical characteristics of Longissimus lumborum muscle in goats subjected to halal slaughter and anesthesia (halothane) pre‐slaughter          下载免费PDF全文

Azad Behnan Sabow  Awis Qurni Sazili  Idrus Zulkifli  Yong Meng Goh  Mohd Zainal Abidin AB Kadir  Kazeem Dauda Adeyemi 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(12):981-991

This study assessed the effect of halal slaughter and anesthesia pre‐slaughter followed by bleeding on meat quality characteristics of goats. Eleven male Boer cross goats were divided into two groups and subjected to either halal slaughter (HS) or anesthesia with halothane and propofol pre‐slaughter (AS). At pre‐rigor, HS had significantly lower (P < 0.05) muscle pH and glycogen than AS. However, no significant difference was observed in the pH and glycogen content between the treatments on 1, 3 and 7 days post mortem. The drip loss of HS was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of AS at all aging periods. Treatment had no effect on sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index and shear force values, loss of thiol groups and degradation of major myofibrillar proteins. It can be concluded that HS did not have deleterious effect on meat quality traits of goat when compared to AS.  相似文献   

New terpolymers from n-butyl acrylate,glycidyl methacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate: Synthesis,characterisation and estimation of reactivity ratios     

Ahmad Danial Azzahari  Rosiyah Yahya  Mohd Rais Ahmad  Mohamad Bakri Zubir 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(3):437-445

Development and practical application of multicomponent copolymerisation systems, such as terpolymerisation, is an on-going process because even a small addition of a particular comonomer may have a significant impact on the desired property. Commonly, three separate pairs of binary polymerisation experiments are carried out to obtain monomer reactivity ratios (MRR) values that relates to the ternary polymerisation reactions. However, the reaction conditions in each binary system may not be representative of the whole ternary system. The error-in-variables model (EVM) method is a relatively recent statistical approach to solving multi-response parameter estimation problems, with the advantage that all MRR parameters can be directly estimated from terpolymerisation data. New ternary copolymers derived from n-butyl acrylate (nBA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA) were synthesised in solution at 70±1 °C in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a free radical initiator. The terpolymers were characterised by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The terpolymer compositions were determined using ¹H NMR analysis. The polydispersities of the terpolymers with values between 1.66 and 1.85 suggest a strong tendency for chain termination by disproportionation. The glass transition temperatures of the terpolymers are found to be between those of the corresponding homopolymers and relative to their content. Increase in the nBA or THFA contents and decrease in the GMA content in terpolymers results in a decrease in the glass transition temperatures. The determination of MRR for the ternary system was obtained by employing the EVM model. Experimental terpolymerisation data agree well with calculations based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation and the unitary and binary azeotropes were calculated.  相似文献   

向量平衡问题解集的连通性     

吴春 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,33(1)

通过引入弱上半连续的概念,利用标量化结果研究了向量平衡问题各种解的连通性和道路连通性,推广了Gong X H的相应的结论.  相似文献