Isozyme variation in Helianthus petiolaris and sunflower,H. annuus     

Alicia Carrera  Monica Poverene 《Euphytica》1995,81(3):251-257

Summary Helianthus petiolaris is a wild species used in genetic improvement of sunflower, as a donor of cytoplasmic male sterility and of genetic resistance to diseases. Isozyme variation for ADH, ACP, EST, GDH, LAP, PGI, PGD and SKDH in this species was studied using starch gel electrophoresis. The patterns thus obtained were compared with zymograms of inbred lines, hybrids and open pollinated varieties of H. annuus. The same alleles for EST and SKDH isozymes were found in both species, while ACP showed an allele that has not been found in sunflower. The rest of the isozyme systems showed both common alleles and characteristic ones for each species. ACP, GDH and PGD were monomorphic in H. petiolaris, while ADH and LAP were monomorphic in H. annuus. The isozyme markers obtained here could be useful in breeding programs involving interspecific crosses, and studies on introgression and on genetic variation in other populations of this wild species.  相似文献   

Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: hesperidin     

Scordino M  Di Mauro A  Passerini A  Maccarone E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(24):6998-7004

Adsorption of hesperidin from aqueous solutions on styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) and acrylic resins was investigated at different pH values (1.5-5.5) and temperatures (10-40 degrees C). Adsorption was not affected by pH variation, whereas it increased on increasing temperature for the SDVB resins and remained substantially unchanged for the acrylic ones. The different behavior of the two types of resins was ascribed to the different wetting, because of their hydrophobic or partially hydrophilic properties, respectively. The equilibrium data at 20 degrees C were determined on 13 commercial resins displaying a wide range of surface areas (S(A), 330-1200 m(2)/g) and pore radii (P(R), 20-260 A). Data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, and its parameters were used to compare the adsorption capacity of different resins. The most effective resin is a SDVB copolymer with the largest S(A) (1200 m(2)/g) and an intermediate P(R) (90 A). The Freundlich constants (K(F)) were rationalized in terms of a two parameter equation, including S(A) and P(R) as independent variables. The adsorption constant increased on increasing both S(A) and P(R) for the resins having P(R) 相似文献   

Effect of kilning on the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of pale malts     

Woffenden HM  Ames JM  Chandra S  Anese M  Nicoli MC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(17):4925-4933

Pale malts were prepared using standard and rapid kilning regimes that differed in the temperature and moisture profiles in the kiln. Samples were taken over the last 9 h of kilning, that is, at 18, 20, 22, 25, and 27 h. Antioxidant activity, assessed by redox potential, scavenging of the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS*+), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), increased at moisture levels below 6.7% for both regimes. The 27 h malt exposed to the rapid regime (moisture content of 4.8%) had a higher activity than the 27 h standard regime sample (moisture content of 4.8%). None of the malts scavenged oxygen. Pro-oxidant activity profiles were different for the malts obtained using each regime and, at 27 h, the rapid procedure gave malt with higher activity. Levels of (+)-catechin and ferulic acid (the most abundant phenolic compounds identified) generally increased as the moisture content of malt fell below 6.7%. Differences in antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of the 27 h malts are partly attributed to the Maillard reaction, as evidenced by lower L* and higher b* values and higher levels of Maillard-derived flavor compounds, in the sample obtained by the rapid procedure. Levels of lipid-derived flavor compounds were significantly higher after 27 h of kilning using the rapid procedure.  相似文献   

Analysis of anthocyanins in rat intestinal contents--impact of anthocyanin chemical structure on fecal excretion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

He J  Magnuson BA  Giusti MM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):2859-2866

Absorption of dietary anthocyanins is limited; however, fecal anthocyanin excretion has been rarely studied. We developed a method for extraction and analysis of fecal anthocyanins. Aqueous methanol (60%) maximized extraction efficiency (approximately 88%). Severe anthocyanin degradation (monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography) was observed in feces stored at -18 degrees C; therefore, storage time should be minimized and lower temperatures used. Fecal and cecal content samples were collected from 32 rats receiving either chokeberry, bilberry, grape-enriched (3.85 g monomeric anthocyanin per kg diet), or control diet for 14 weeks. Fecal anthocyanin concentrations were significantly different among groups (0.7/1.8/2.0 g/kg wet feces, chokeberry/bilberry/grape). Anthocyanin profiles of cecal contents and feces were similar. Losses in the intestinal contents were high for anthocyanin glucosides, moderate for galactosides, and negligible for arabinosides or xylosides. Acylation or diglucosylation enhanced anthocyanin stability. High anthocyanin concentration in the fecal content may favor anthocyanin absorption into the colon epithelial cells, resulting in potential health benefits.  相似文献   

A map of the interactome network of the metazoan C. elegans   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li S  Armstrong CM  Bertin N  Ge H  Milstein S  Boxem M  Vidalain PO  Han JD  Chesneau A  Hao T  Goldberg DS  Li N  Martinez M  Rual JF  Lamesch P  Xu L  Tewari M  Wong SL  Zhang LV  Berriz GF  Jacotot L  Vaglio P  Reboul J  Hirozane-Kishikawa T  Li Q  Gabel HW  Elewa A  Baumgartner B  Rose DJ  Yu H  Bosak S  Sequerra R  Fraser A  Mango SE  Saxton WM  Strome S  Van Den Heuvel S  Piano F  Vandenhaute J  Sardet C  Gerstein M  Doucette-Stamm L  Gunsalus KC  Harper JW  Cusick ME  Roth FP  Hill DE  Vidal M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5657):540-543

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Ecology. Ecology for a crowded planet     

Palmer M  Bernhardt E  Chornesky E  Collins S  Dobson A  Duke C  Gold B  Jacobson R  Kingsland S  Kranz R  Mappin M  Martinez ML  Micheli F  Morse J  Pace M  Pascual M  Palumbi S  Reichman OJ  Simons A  Townsend A  Turner M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5675):1251-1252

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Ethylene modulates stem cell division in the Arabidopsis thaliana root     

Ortega-Martínez O  Pernas M  Carol RJ  Dolan L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):507-510

The construction of multicellular organisms depends on stem cells-cells that can both regenerate and produce daughter cells that undergo differentiation. Here, we show that the gaseous messenger ethylene modulates cell division in the cells of the quiescent center, which act as a source of stem cells in the seedling root. The cells formed through these ethylene-induced divisions express quiescent center-specific genes and can repress differentiation of surrounding initial cells, showing that quiescence is not required for these cells to signal to adjacent stem cells. We propose that ethylene is part of a signaling pathway that modulates cell division in the quiescent center in the stem cell niche during the postembryonic development of the root system.  相似文献   

Editor's note     

Bradford M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6051):1824

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Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis     

Garcia-Barros M  Paris F  Cordon-Cardo C  Lyden D  Rafii S  Haimovitz-Friedman A  Fuks Z  Kolesnick R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5622):1155-1159

About 50% of cancer patients receive radiation therapy. Here we investigated the hypothesis that tumor response to radiation is determined not only by tumor cell phenotype but also by microvascular sensitivity. MCA/129 fibrosarcomas and B16F1 melanomas grown in apoptosis-resistant acid sphingomyelinase (asmase)-deficient or Bax-deficient mice displayed markedly reduced baseline microvascular endothelial apoptosis and grew 200 to 400% faster than tumors on wild-type microvasculature. Thus, endothelial apoptosis is a homeostatic factor regulating angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. Moreover, these tumors exhibited reduced endothelial apoptosis upon irradiation and, unlike tumors in wild-type mice, they were resistant to single-dose radiation up to 20 grays (Gy). These studies indicate that microvascular damage regulates tumor cell response to radiation at the clinically relevant dose range.  相似文献   

Biological control of Rhizoctonia root rot on bean by phenazine- and cyclic lipopeptide-producing Pseudomonas CMR12a     

D'aes J  Hua GK  De Maeyer K  Pannecoucque J  Forrez I  Ongena M  Dietrich LE  Thomashow LS  Mavrodi DV  Höfte M 《Phytopathology》2011,101(8):996-1004

Pseudomonas CMR12a was previously selected as an efficient biocontrol strain producing phenazines and cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs). In this study, biocontrol capacity of Pseudomonas CMR12a against Rhizoctonia root rot of bean and the involvement of phenazines and CLPs in this ability were tested. Two different anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani, the intermediately aggressive AG 2-2 and the highly aggressive AG 4 HGI, were included in growth-chamber experiments with bean plants. The wild-type strain CMR12a dramatically reduced disease severity caused by both R. solani AGs. A CLP-deficient and a phenazine-deficient mutant of CMR12a still protected bean plants, albeit to a lesser extent compared with the wild type. Two mutants deficient in both phenazine and CLP production completely lost their biocontrol activity. Disease-suppressive capacity of CMR12a decreased after washing bacteria before application to soil and thereby removing metabolites produced during growth on plate. In addition, microscopic observations revealed pronounced branching of hyphal tips of both R. solani AGs in the presence of CMR12a. More branched and denser mycelium was also observed for the phenazine-deficient mutant; however, neither the CLP-deficient mutant nor the mutants deficient in both CLPs and phenazines influenced hyphal growth. Together, results demonstrate the involvement of phenazines and CLPs during Pseudomonas CMR12a-mediated biocontrol of Rhizoctonia root rot of bean.  相似文献