Infrared spectroscopy of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples returned by Stardust     

Keller LP  Bajt S  Baratta GA  Borg J  Bradley JP  Brownlee DE  Busemann H  Brucato JR  Burchell M  Colangeli L  d'Hendecourt L  Djouadi Z  Ferrini G  Flynn G  Franchi IA  Fries M  Grady MM  Graham GA  Grossemy F  Kearsley A  Matrajt G  Nakamura-Messenger K  Mennella V  Nittler L  Palumbo ME  Stadermann FJ  Tsou P  Rotundi A  Sandford SA  Snead C  Steele A  Wooden D  Zolensky M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1728-1731

Infrared spectra of material captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft reveal indigenous aliphatic hydrocarbons similar to those in interplanetary dust particles thought to be derived from comets, but with longer chain lengths than those observed in the diffuse interstellar medium. Similarly, the Stardust samples contain abundant amorphous silicates in addition to crystalline silicates such as olivine and pyroxene. The presence of crystalline silicates in Wild 2 is consistent with mixing of solar system and interstellar matter. No hydrous silicates or carbonate minerals were detected, which suggests a lack of aqueous processing of Wild 2 dust.  相似文献   

2006 Visualization Challenge     

Nesbit J  Bradford M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5794):1729

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Cytoarchitecture, morphology, and lumbosacral spinal cord projections of the red nucleus in cattle     

Chiocchetti R  Bombardi C  Grandis A  Mazzuoli G  Gentile A  Pisoni L  Joechler M  Lucchi ML 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(10):1662-1669

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphology, cytoarchitecture, and lumbosacral spinal cord projections of the red nucleus (RN) in cattle. ANIMALS: 8 healthy Friesian male calves. PROCEDURES: Anesthetized calves underwent a dorsal laminectomy at L5. Eight bilateral injections (lateral to the midline) of the neuronal retrograde fluorescent tracer fast blue (FB) were administered into the exposed lumbosacral portion of the spinal cord. A postsurgical calf survival time of 38 to 55 days was used. Following euthanasia, the midbrain and the L5-S2 spinal cord segments were removed. Nissl's method of staining was applied on paraffin-embedded and frozen sections of the midbrain. RESULTS: The mean length of the RN from the caudal to cranial end ranged from 6,680 to 8,640 microm. The magnocellular and parvicellular components of the RN were intermixed throughout the nucleus, but the former predominate at the caudal portion of the nucleus and the latter at the cranial portion with a gradual transitional zone. The FB-labeled neurons were found along the entire craniocaudal extension of the nucleus, mainly in its ventrolateral part. The number of FB-labeled neurons was determined in 4 calves, ranging from 191 to 1,469 (mean, 465). The mean cross-sectional area of the FB-labeled neurons was approximately 1,680 microm2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In cattle, small, medium, and large RN neurons, located along the entire craniocaudal extension of the RN, contribute to the rubrospinal tract reaching the L6-S1 spinal cord segments. Thus, in cattle, as has been shown in cats, the RN parvicellular population also projects to the spinal cord.  相似文献   

An rRT-PCR assay to detect the matrix gene of a broad range of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 strains     

Hines NL  Killian ML  Pedersen JC  Reising MM  Mosos NA  Mathieu-Benson C  Miller CL 《Avian diseases》2012,56(2):387-395

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Procalcitonin gene expression after LPS stimulation in the porcine animal model     

Zannoni A  Giunti M  Bernardini C  Gentilini F  Zaniboni A  Bacci ML  Forni M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):921-927

Procalcitonin (PCT), recognised as a marker of sepsis, was investigated in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. The results showed that continuous IV infusion (1-4 h) of LPS (40 μg/kg) in pigs was able to induce a generalised increase of PCT expression in lung, heart, kidney and liver. The increase in PCT was significant only in kidney and was accompanied by an increase in IL-6 gene expression. In vitro results demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as endothelial cells, were potentially capable of contributing to in vivo extrathyroidal PCT production. These findings support previous data from pigs concerning the occurrence of widespread activation of PCT extrathyroidal gene expression during endotoxic shock in pigs. Nevertheless, the levels of PCT detected were very low, suggesting the need for additional studies to validate the pig as a reliable animal model for investigating the role of PCT in sepsis.  相似文献   

Facial lesions in piglets with intact or grinded teeth     

Monica Hansson  Nils Lundeheim 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):23

Background

Piglets are born with eight sharp teeth that during nursing can cause facial lesions on littermates and teat lesions on the sow. Teeth grinding in piglets is therefore often practiced to reduce these lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of grinding piglet teeth in regard to the occurrence of lesions.In this study the piglets'' teeth were grinded in 28 litters, and in 36 litters the piglets'' teeth were kept intact. Twice, one time during the first week and one time during the second week after birth facial lesions of the piglets were scored and the teats of the sows were examined for lesions. The facial lesion score accounted for the amount and severity of lesions. The individual observations on piglets in the litter were synthesized in a litter facial lesion score.

Findings

69.8% and 43.5% of the piglets had facial lesions in week 1 and week 2 respectively. The effect of treatment was not significant on litter facial lesion score. The litter facial lesion score was higher in week 1 than in week 2 (p < 0.001) and higher in large litters (p = 0.003) than in small litters. Mortality between week 1 and week 2 was higher in litters with intact teeth (p = 0.02). Sow teat lesions only occurred if litters had intact teeth.

Conclusions

According to our results teeth grinding is only justifiable in large litters.  相似文献   

Electrophysiological studies in American Quarter horses with neuroaxonal dystrophy     

Finno CJ  Aleman M  Ofri R  Hollingsworth SR  Madigan JE  Winfield L  Bannasch DL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(Z2):3-7

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Enhancement of alkalinity tolerance in two cucumber genotypes inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal biofertilizer containing Glomus intraradices     

Youssef Rouphael  Mariateresa Cardarelli  Elena Di Mattia  Monica Tullio  Elvira Rea  Giuseppe Colla 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(5):499-509

The aim of the present study was to determine whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation with a biofertilizer containing clays as granular carriers, leek root pieces and Glomus intraradices spores could improve alkalinity tolerance of two cucumber genotypes, and to study the changes induced by AM at agronomical and physiological level. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine yield, growth, fruit quality, net photosynthesis (A_CO2), electrolyte leakage, and mineral composition of two cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genotypes (hybrid “Ekron” or open-pollinated variety “Marketmore”) with inoculated and noninoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal biofertilizer. Plants were supplied with nutrient solutions at two pH values (6.0 or 8.1). The high pH nutrient solution had the same basic composition with an additional 10 mM NaHCO₃ and 0.5 g l⁻¹ CaCO₃. The percentage root colonization was higher in “Marketmore” (21.8%) than “Ekron” (12.7%). Total and marketable yield and total biomass were significantly higher by 189%, 213%, and 77%, respectively, with Ekron in comparison to those recorded with Marketmore. The highest crop performance with Ekron in comparison to Marketmore was due to the improved nutritional status (higher N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B), higher leaf area, and net photosynthesis. Increasing the concentration of NaHCO₃ from 0 to 10 mM in the nutrient solution significantly decreased yield, plant growth, A_CO2, N, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B concentration in leaf tissue, whereas the electrolyte leakage increased. The inoculated plants under alkaline conditions had higher total, marketable yield, and total biomass than noninoculated plant. Mycorrhizal cucumber plants grown under alkaline conditions had a higher macronutrient concentration in leaf tissue compared to noninoculated plants. The highest yield and biomass production in inoculated plants seems to be related to the capacity of maintaining higher net A_CO2 and to a better nutritional status (high P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn and low Na accumulation) in response to bicarbonate stress with respect to −AM plants.  相似文献   

Mobilization of Cu and Pb from multi-metal contaminated soils by dissolved humic substances extracted from leonardite and factors affecting the process     

Damian  Gianina Elena  Micle  Valer  Sur  Ioana Monica 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(7):2869-2881

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The aim of the research was to determine the potential of dissolved humic substances extracted from leonardite to mobilize Cu and Pb from multi-metal contaminated...  相似文献   

Interactions of soy protein fractions with high-methoxyl pectin     

Lam M  Paulsen P  Corredig M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4726-4735

A protein-binding technique was employed to visualize, using scanning electron microscopy, the soy protein as well as the association between HMP and soy protein fractions. Image analysis indicated that at pH 7.5 and 3.5 soy protein isolate showed a bimodal distribution of sizes with an average [ d(0.5)] of about 0.05 microm, but at pH 3.8 the proteins formed larger aggregates than at high pH. Addition of HMP at pH 3.8 changed the surface charge of the particles from +20 to -15 mV. A small addition of HMP caused bridging of the pectin between soy protein aggregates and destabilization. With sufficient HMP, the suspensions showed improved stability to precipitation. The microscopy images are the first direct evidence of the interactions between soy proteins with high-methoxyl pectin (HMP).  相似文献