Long-term manure application increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization through accumulation of unprotected and physically protected carbon fractions     

Muhammad Nadeem ASHRAF  Cheng HU  Xiangru XU  Tariq AZIZ  Lei WU  Muhammad Ahmed WAQAS  Muhammad FAROOQ  Xu HU  Wenju ZHANG  Minggang XU 《土壤圈》2023,33(2):343-354

Soil organic carbon(SOC) and nitrogen(N) mineralization are important biogeochemical processes associated with soil fertility. These processes are influenced by physically, chemically, and biologically stabilized SOC fractions, the mechanisms of which are not well known. The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of manure and mineral fertilizers on the contents of SOC fractions to promote the mineralization of SOC and N.Treatments included: i) no fertilizer control(CK); ii)...  相似文献   

Effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizers on maize seedling growth and enzyme activity relating to nitrification     

Yuxuan Li  Muhammad Riaz  Hao Xia  JiYuan Wang  Xiangling Wang  Cuncang Jiang 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(4):1467-1476

Maximizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) involves synchronizing the interplay between nitrogen preferential crops and the nitrogen transformation pathways of soil. Biochar may benefit specific N-preference crops in relatively unsuitable soil environments; however, experimental data are lacking. This study tested eight treatments, consisting of four nitrogen treatments (N0 = control; N1 = NH₄Cl; N2 = NaNO₃; and N3 = 1:1 ratio of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻) each with biochar applied at 0% or 2% (w/w). The results show that biochar and/or nitrogen application enhanced maize seedling biomass and NO₃⁻-based fertilizer resulted in higher seedling biomass than NH₄⁺-based fertilizer. With the application of biochar and NH₄⁺-based fertilizer, maize seedling biomass increased and soil NH₄⁺-N content was significantly reduced compared with NH₄Cl sole application. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that SOC content and inorganic nitrogen content were the main factors influencing maize growth and N absorption. Biochar with or without nitrogen fertilizer (except N1 treatment) significantly increased β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) activity. Co-application treatments also resulted in higher vector length, an indicator of C limitation—the increment might add to the risk of microbial C limitation. The activity of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), a key enzyme in nitrification, decreased with the co-application of biochar and nitrogen, suggesting the alteration of nitrogen transformation.  相似文献   

Development of mutants with varying flowering times by targeted editing of multiple SVP gene copies in Brassica napus L.     

Sunny Ahmar  Yungu Zhai  Huibin Huang  Kaidi Yu  Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan  Muhammad Shahid  Rana Abdul Samad  Shahid Ullah Khan  Olalekan Amoo  Chuchuan Fan  Yongming Zhou 《作物学报(英文版)》2022,(1):67-74

Manipulation of flowering time to develop cultivars with desired maturity dates is fundamental in plant breeding.It is desirable to generate polyploid rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)germplasm with varying flowering time controlled by a few genes.In the present study,Bna SVP,a rapeseed homolog of the Arabidopsis SVP(Short Vegetative Phase)gene,was characterized and a set of mutants was developed using a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing tool.A single construct targeting multiple sites was successfully applied to precisely mutate four copies of Bna SVP.The induced mutations in these copies were stably transmitted to subsequent generations.Homozygous mutants with loss-of-function alleles and free transgenic elements were generated across the four Bna SVP homologs.All mutant T₁lines tested in two environments(summer and winter growing seasons)showed early-flowering phenotypes.The decrease in flowering time was correlated with the number of mutated Bna SVP alleles.The quadruple mutants showed the shortest flowering time,with a mean decrease of 40.6%–50.7%in length relative to the wild type under the two growth conditions.Our study demonstrates the quantitative involvement of Bna SVP copies in the regulation of flowering time and provides valuable resources for rapeseed breeding.  相似文献   

Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Potentials of a Lectin from Aplysia kurodai (Sea Hare) Eggs     

Rubaiya Rafique Swarna  A. K. M. Asaduzzaman  Syed Rashel Kabir  Nawshin Arfin  Sarkar M. A. Kawsar  Sultana Rajia  Yuki Fujii  Yukiko Ogawa  Keisuke Hirashima  Nanae Kobayashi  Masao Yamada  Yasuhiro Ozeki  Imtiaj Hasan 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in lectins from marine invertebrates. In this study, the biological activities of a lectin protein isolated from the eggs of Sea hare (Aplysia kurodai) were evaluated. The 40 kDa Aplysia kurodai egg lectin (or AKL-40) binds to D-galacturonic acid and D-galactose sugars similar to previously purified isotypes with various molecular weights (32/30 and 16 kDa). The N-terminal sequence of AKL-40 was similar to other sea hare egg lectins. The lectin was shown to be moderately toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with an LC₅₀ value of 63.63 µg/mL. It agglutinated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and reduced their growth, up to 58.3% in vivo when injected into Swiss albino mice at a rate of 2 mg/kg/day. The morphology of these cells apparently changed due to AKL-40, while the expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, and Bcl-XL) suggested a possible apoptotic pathway of cell death. AKL-40 also inhibited the growth of human erythroleukemia cells, probably via activating the MAPK/ERK pathway, but did not affect human B-lymphoma cells (Raji) or rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-1). In vitro, lectin suppressed the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and U937 cells by 37.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Along with strong antifungal activity against Talaromyces verruculosus, AKL showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, and Bacillus cereus whereas the growth of Escherichia coli was not affected by the lectin. This study explores the antiproliferative and antimicrobial potentials of AKL as well as its involvement in embryo defense of sea hare.  相似文献   

First record of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Syria     

K. Heinoun  E. Muhammad  H. Abdullah Smadi  D. Annahhas  R. Abou Kubaa 《EPPO Bulletin》2021,51(1):213-215

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a lepidopteran pest that can damage and destroy a wide variety of crops. It is widely present in the Americans and has been invasive in Africa since 2016. Larvae of S. frugiperda were found for the first time in four rural farms on maize plants (Zea mays) located in Tafas town (Dara’a Governorate, in the south‐west of Syria) in November 2020. Infested maize showed the typical damage symptoms caused by S. frugiperda. Furthermore, morphological identification of larvae based on standard parameters of larvae confirmed the identity of the pest as fall armyworm. Considering the recent introduction of the pest into the EPPO region, it could be concluded that the pest probably entered Syria through natural spread (active flight and via wind currents) from Jordan, which borders Syria in the southern part and where the pest was found very recently.  相似文献   

Complementary Analytical Platforms of NMR Spectroscopy and LCMS Analysis in the Metabolite Profiling of Isochrysis galbana     

Muhammad Safwan Ahamad Bustamam  Hamza Ahmed Pantami  Awanis Azizan  Khozirah Shaari  Chong Chou Min  Faridah Abas  Norio Nagao  Maulidiani Maulidiani  Sanjoy Banerjee  Fadzil Sulaiman  Intan Safinar Ismail 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

This study was designed to profile the metabolites of Isochrysis galbana, an indigenous and less explored microalgae species. ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) were used to establish the metabolite profiles of five different extracts of this microalga, which are hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), absolute ethanol (EtOH), EtOH:water 1:1 (AqE), and 100% water (Aq). Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) of the generated profiles revealed that EtOAc and Aq extracts contain a diverse range of metabolites as compared to the other extracts with a total of twenty-one metabolites, comprising carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids, that were putatively identified from the NMR spectra. Meanwhile, thirty-two metabolites were successfully annotated from the LCMS/MS data, ten of which (palmitic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, cholesterol, DHA, DPA, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, and pheophytin) were similar to those present in the NMR profile. Another eleven glycerophospholipids were discovered using MS/MS-based molecular network (MN) platform. The results of this study, besides providing a better understanding of I. galbana’s chemical make-up, will be of importance in exploring this species potential as a feed ingredient in the aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Anti-Alzheimer’s Molecules Derived from Marine Life: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential     

Md. Tanvir Kabir  Md. Sahab Uddin  Philippe Jeandet  Talha Bin Emran  Saikat Mitra  Ghadeer M. Albadrani  Amany A. Sayed  Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim  Jesus Simal-Gandara 《Marine drugs》2021,19(5)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. It has been confirmed that the pathological processes that intervene in AD development are linked with oxidative damage to neurons, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and cholinergic deficit. Still, there is no available therapy that can cure AD. Available therapies only manage some of the AD symptoms at the early stages of AD. Various studies have revealed that bioactive compounds derived from marine organisms and plants can exert neuroprotective activities with fewer adverse events, as compared with synthetic drugs. Furthermore, marine organisms have been identified as a source of novel compounds with therapeutic potential. Thus, there is a growing interest regarding bioactive compounds derived from marine sources that have anti-AD potentials. Various marine drugs including bryostatin-1, homotaurine, anabaseine and its derivative, rifampicins, anhydroexfoliamycin, undecylprodigioisin, gracilins, 13-desmethyl spirolide-C, and dictyostatin displayed excellent bioavailability and efficacy against AD. Most of these marine drugs were found to be well-tolerated in AD patients, along with no significant drug-associated adverse events. In this review, we focus on the drugs derived from marine life that can be useful in AD treatment and also summarize the therapeutic agents that are currently used to treat AD.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary sodium selenite and selenium yeast on antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat     

Ahmad H  Tian J  Wang J  Khan MA  Wang Y  Zhang L  Wang T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(29):7111-7120

The effects of sodium selenite (SS) and selenium yeast (SY) alone and in combination (MS) on the selenium (Se) content, antioxidant enzyme activities (AEA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat were investigated. The results showed that the highest (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was found in the SS-supplemented chicken breast meat; however, SY and MS treatments significantly increased (p < 0.05) the Se content and the activities of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and TAC, but decreased (p < 0.05) the malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 42 days of age. Twelve days of storage at 4 °C decreased (p < 0.05) the activity of the GSH-Px, but CAT, T-SOD, and TAC remained stable. SY decreased the lipid oxidation more effectively in chicken breast meat. It was concluded that SY and MS are more effective than SS in increasing the AEA, TAC, and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat.  相似文献   

转基因育种技术在菊花性状改良中的应用进展     

成丽娜  魏倩  Muhammad Imtiaz  高俊平  洪波 《园艺学报》2013,40(9):1813-1825

 自1989 年发现了菊花对农杆菌浸染的敏感性,农杆菌介导转化法已成功应用于菊花花色、花期、株形、抗病虫及耐非生物胁迫等性状的改良中。从影响菊花遗传转化效率的农杆菌菌株类型、外植体选用、辅助添加剂的使用以及抗生素筛选等几方面阐述了菊花遗传转化技术研究的进展和应用现状,对菊花分子育种性状改良和重要功能基因发掘等研究进展进行综述,并对菊花转化效率改善途径的探索和环境友好型转基因新技术研发前景提出展望,以期为菊花分子育种提供参考。  相似文献   

Combining Phytate/Ca2+ Fractionation with Trichloroacetic Acid/Acetone Precipitation Improved Separation of Low-Abundant Proteins of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Leaf for Proteomic Analysis     

Muhammad ARF Sultan  Hui LIU  Yu-Feng CHENG  Pei-pei ZHANG  Hui-xian ZHAO 《农业科学学报》2013,12(7):1123-1129

Proteomic assessment of low-abundance leaf proteins is hindered by the large quantity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) present within plant leaf tissues. In the present study, total proteins were extracted from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves by a conventional trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone method and a protocol first developed in this work. Phytate/Ca²⁺ fractionation and TCA/acetone precipitation were combined to design an improved TCA/acetone method. The extracted proteins were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The resulting 2-DE images were compared to reveal major differences. The results showed that large quantities of Rubisco were deleted from wheat leaf proteins prepared by the improved method. As many as (758±4) protein spots were detected from 2-DE images of protein extracts obtained by the improved method, 130 more than those detected by the TCA/acetone method. Further analysis indicated that more protein spots could be detected at regions of pI 4.00–4.99 and 6.50–7.00 in the improved method-based 2-DE images. Our findings indicated that the improved method is an efficient protein preparation protocol for separating low-abundance proteins in wheat leaf tissues by 2-DE analysis. The proposed protocol is simple, fast, inexpensive and also applicable to protein preparations of other plants.  相似文献