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991.
Anagnostou TL Kazakos GM Savvas I Papazoglou LG Rallis TS Raptopoulos D 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(6):e103-e109
Remifentanil is a synthetic opioid with direct action on μ opioid receptors. It has an ultrashort duration of action, and its elimination is independent of hepatic or renal function. The anesthetic management of five dogs with nonuniform liver disease and requiring liver biopsy via celiotomy is described. Remifentanil and isoflurane were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Intraoperative analgesia was provided by a constant rate infusion of remifentanil. Remifentanil, in combination with isoflurane, was safely and successfully used in five cases for the balanced anesthesia of dogs with hepatic diseases requiring liver biopsy via celiotomy. 相似文献
992.
Slade DJ Lees GE Berridge BR Clubb FJ Kuczynski LA Littman MP 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(6):e138-e144
A 4 yr old male castrated Labrador retriever was evaluated for a short history of inappetance, lethargy, small-bowel diarrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia. Clinicopathologic abnormalities were consistent with protein-losing nephropathy and renal azotemia. Expansive infectious disease testing implicated Babesia gibsoni via whole blood polymerase chain reaction. Renal histopathology results were consistent with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and immune complex deposition. The dog was treated with azithromycin, atovaquone, and one dose of corticosteroids/cyclophosphamide. Three months after therapy was completed, the dog was clinically healthy, and all clinicopathologic abnormalities (including Babesia species polymerase chain reaction) had resolved. Atypical presentations of Babesia gibsoni should be considered with proteinuric nephropathy. 相似文献
993.
To determine the toxicity of Adonis aestivalis (adonis) in sheep, adult Suffolk ewes were administered 1 per cent bodyweight adonis via surgically placed rumen cannulas in an acute, high-dose toxicity study, and 0.2 per cent bodyweight daily in a two-week, low-dose toxicity study. The ewes received cardiac examinations before dosing, 24 and 48 hours after dosing with 1 per cent bodyweight adonis, and after continuous low-dose administration. All the ewes administered adonis had transient sinus arrhythmias after receiving 1 per cent bodyweight adonis. Two of the three ewes had transient reduced fractional shortening after administration with 1 per cent bodyweight adonis; the same two ewes had reduced fractional shortening after the low-dose treatment regimen. No gross or microscopic lesions were seen when the ewes were examined postmortem at the end of the study. 相似文献
994.
Lamien CE Le Goff C Silber R Wallace DB Gulyaz V Tuppurainen E Madani H Caufour P Adam T El Harrak M Luckins AG Albina E Diallo A 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(1-2):30-39
Sheep poxvirus (SPPV), Goat poxvirus (GTPV) and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) are Capripoxviruses (CaPVs) responsible for causing severe poxvirus disease in sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. Serological differentiation of CaPVs is not possible and strain identification has relied on the implicitly accepted hypothesis that the viruses show well defined host specificity. However, it is now known that cross infections can occur and authentication of identity based on the host animal species from which the strain was first isolated, is not valid and should be replaced with molecular techniques to allow unequivocal strain differentiation. To identify a diagnostic target for strain genotyping, the CaPV homologue of the Vaccinia virus E4L gene which encodes the 30 kDa DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit, RPO30 was analyzed. Forty-six isolates from different hosts and geographical origins were included. Most CaPVs fit into one of the three different groups according to their host origins: the SPPV, the GTPV and the LSDV group. A unique 21-nucleotide deletion was found in all SPPV isolates which was exploited to develop a RPO30-based classical PCR test to differentiate SPPV from GTPV that will allow rapid differential diagnosis of disease during CaPV outbreaks in small ruminants. 相似文献
995.
Presence of suspected primary glomerular disease is the most common and compelling reason to consider renal biopsy. Pathologic findings in samples from animals with nephritic or nephrotic glomerulopathies, as well as from animals with persistent subclinical glomerular proteinuria that is not associated with advanced chronic kidney disease, frequently guide treatment decisions and inform prognosis when suitable specimens are obtained and examined appropriately. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy techniques generally are satisfactory; however, other methods of locating or approaching the kidney, such as manual palpation (e.g., in cats), laparoscopy, or open surgery, also can be used. Visual assessment of the tissue content of needle biopsy samples to verify that they are renal cortex (i.e., contain glomeruli) as they are obtained is a key step that minimizes the submission of uninformative samples for examination. Adequate planning for a renal biopsy also requires prior procurement of the fixatives and preservatives needed to process and submit samples that will be suitable for electron microscopic examination and immunostaining, as well as for light microscopic evaluation. Finally, to be optimally informative, renal biopsy specimens must be processed by laboratories that routinely perform the required specialized examinations and then be evaluated by experienced veterinary nephropathologists. The pathologic findings must be carefully integrated with one another and with information derived from the clinical investigation of the patient's illness to formulate the correct diagnosis and most informative guidance for therapeutic management of the animal's glomerular disease. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Ourania Pavli Marcel Prins Rob Goldbach George N. Skaracis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):133-142
A survey was carried out to investigate the current situation concerning rhizomania disease incidence in sugar beet cultivation
of Greece. A systematic field evaluation over locations and years revealed a consistent disease severity pattern according
to favourable agroclimatic conditions and pointed to the so far effectiveness of the Rz1 gene-based resistance, as no major disease outbreaks were observed. Molecular analyses aiming at the characterization of
the type and genetic diversity of the virus further confirmed the widespread occurrence of BNYVV in the country, as evidenced
by RT-PCR amplification of all five known genomic molecules and nested-PCR assays. None of the isolates contained an RNA 5,
typically found in pathotype P. On the basis of RFLP patterns, all BNYVV isolates analysed were classified as pathotype A.
Sequence determination of the full-length RNA 3-encoded p25 protein, responsible for symptom development, revealed amino acid
motifs ACHG/VCHG in the hypervariable region aa67–70. The presence of valine in position 67 did not appear associated with increased pathogenicity and resistance breaking properties,
as earlier reported. 相似文献
999.
Kalliopi Kadoglidou Anastasia Lagopodi Katerina Karamanoli Despoina Vokou George A. Bardas George Menexes Helen-Isis A. Constantinidou 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(3):297-309
The effect of essential oils and individual monoterpenoids on soil-borne fungi, in pure and mixed cultures, in growth media
and in the soil environment, was investigated. Essential oils were extracted from lavender (Lavandula stoechas), oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), sage (Salvia fruticosa) and spearmint (Mentha spicata). The monoterpenoids tested were fenchone, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, carvone, α-pinene and terpinen-4-ol. Their effect was examined
on growth and sporulation of Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium expansum and Verticillium dahliae isolated from an organic cultivation of tomato. All tested essential oils and individual monoterpenoids inhibited mycelial
growth in all fungi and conidial production in most fungi. The strongest inhibitory activity on mycelial growth was exhibited
by oregano and spearmint oils and by carvacrol and carvone, respectively their main constituents. The inhibitory activity
was clearly fungistatic in A. terreus and F. oxysporum but fungicidal in V. dahliae. On sporulation, clearly stimulatory effects were observed alongside inhibitory ones. Conidial production was always promoted
by α-pinene in P. expansum and by sage oil in F. oxysporum. At certain dosages it was promoted by cineole and carvone in F. oxysporum, and by lavender oil in A. terreus and V. dahliae. Experiments with carvone and carvacrol against mixed fungal cultures in a soil environment showed that V. dahliae was the most sensitive and A. terreus the most tolerant of the four fungi. Our results demonstrate strong but divergent effects and selectivity of action of the
lower terpenoids on fungal strains that can become serious pests of tomato. Of special importance is the complete inhibition
of growth and conidial production of V. dahliae, a pathogen otherwise very resistant to chemical control. 相似文献
1000.
Samuel S Papayiannis LC Leroch M Veloukas T Hahn M Karaoglanidis GS 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):1029-1036
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that resistance of Botrytis cinerea to QoI fungicides has been attributed to the G143A mutation in the cytochrome b (cytb) gene, while, in a part of the fungal population, an intron has been detected at codon 143 of the gene, preventing QoI resistance. During 2005–2009, 304 grey mould isolates were collected from strawberry, tomato, grape, kiwifruit, cucumber and apple in Greece and screened for resistance to pyraclostrobin and for the presence of the cytb intron, using a novel real‐time TaqMan PCR assay developed in the present study. RESULTS: QoI‐resistant phenotypes existed only within the population collected from strawberries. All resistant isolates possessed the G143A mutation. Differences were observed in the genotypic structure of cytb. Individuals possessing the intron were found at high incidence in apple fruit and greenhouse‐grown tomato and cucumber populations, whereas in the strawberry population the intron frequency was lower. Cultivation of QoI‐resistant and QoI‐sensitive isolates for ten culture cycles on artificial nutrient medium in the presence or absence of fungicide selection showed that QoI resistance was stable. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggest that a high risk for selection of QoI‐resistant strains exists in crops heavily treated with QoIs, in spite of the widespread occurrence of the cytb intron in B. cinerea populations. The developed real‐time TaqMan PCR constitutes a powerful tool to streamline detection of the mutation by reducing pre‐ and post‐amplification manipulations, and can be used for rapid screening and quantification of QoI resistance. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献