Intravenous catheterisation of foetus and mare in late pregnancy: management and respiratory, circulatory and metabolic effects.     

P M Taylor  M Silver  A L Fowden 《Equine veterinary journal》1992,24(5):391-396

The uterine and umbilical vessels of 12 pregnant ponies were catheterised to study foetal metabolism. The effects of this procedure on maternal and foetal cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and adrenocortical activity were monitored during and after surgery. Premedication with acepromazine-butorphanol-detomidine was followed by induction of anaesthesia with detomidine and ketamine and maintenance, using mechanical ventilation, with halothane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. Mean maternal arterial blood pressure was greater than 70 mmHg during anaesthesia and arterial oxygen tension remained over 100 mmHg. The foetuses were adequately oxygenated but were hypercapnic and lactic acidaemic. Most maternal and foetal blood gases and metabolites had returned to normal by 24 h, although foetal plasma lactate fell more slowly. The maternal adrenocortical discharge was less severe than reported previously and plasma cortisol had fallen to basal levels by 48 h after surgery. Foetal plasma cortisol remained low and did not change during or after surgery. Arterio-venous metabolite and gas tension differences across the uterine and umbilical circulations were slightly greater at operation than in the recovery period, suggesting that uteroplacental perfusion may have been impaired during surgery. Post-operative recovery of the mare and foetus was satisfactory and subsequent problems associated with the foetal catheters were not related to the anaesthesia or surgery.  相似文献   

Characterization of phosphate species in urban sewage sludges by high-resolution solid-state ³¹P NMR     

E. FROSSARD  P. TEKELY  J.Y. GRIMAL 《European Journal of Soil Science》1994,45(4):403-408

The mineral forms of phosphorus in three urban sewage sludges were characterized using high-resolution solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coupled to a sequential extraction. The sludges studied were an anaerobically-digested and heat-treated sludge (Paris-Achères), an activated sludge (Briare) and an anaerobically-digested sludge (Nancy). NMR observations were conducted using both single-pulse and cross-polarization sequences in order to distinguish between ³¹P nuclei far from ¹H nuclei, and ³¹P located within a fraction of a nanometre of ¹H. This approach showed that a complex mixture of P species was present in these sludges. A mixture of hydrogenated octocalcium phosphates and apatites was observed in the three samples. Monetite was present in the anaerobically-digested sludge and brushite in the activated sludge. Dehydrogenated condensed calcium phosphates (compounds with a Ca:P ratio higher than 1.0 such as fluorapatite or tricalcium phosphate) and dehydrogenated pyrophosphates were also probably present in the anaerobically-digested sludge. A poorly-ordered wavellite was observed in the three sludges after the HCl extraction. However, results were inconclusive as to whether this mineral was present in the three sludges, or had been precipitated during the sequential extraction.  相似文献   

Flowering events in relation to smut susceptibility in pearl millet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. P. THAKUR 《Plant pathology》1989,38(4):557-563

In field experiments at ICRISAT, selected lines of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) resistant and susceptible to smut (Tolyposporium penicillariae) were evaluated for the timing of flowering events. In smut-resistant lines, the time from the boot-leaf stage (inoculation) to stigma emergence varied in the range 46–120 h, from boot to anther emergence 105–190 h, and from stigma emergence to anther emergence (protogyny period) 59–131 h; in smut-susceptible lines, the corresponding periods were 62–140 h, 146–200 h and 44–120 h, respectively. There were no significant correlations between timing of events and smut severity. Three cytoplasmically male-sterile lines showed longer protogyny periods and higher smut severity than their corresponding maintainer lines. Four lines having short protogyny periods (22–52 h) and resistance to ergot (Claviceps fusiformis) also showed high resistance to smut. Resistance to smut in most ergot-susceptible lines was independent of the timing of flow ering events, but in ergot-resistant lines it could be closely related to flowering events.  相似文献   

Relationship of common avian pathogen antibody titers in so-called chicken anemia agent (CAA)-antibody-positive chicks to titers in CAA-antibody-negative chicks.     

M A Goodwin  J Brown  M A Smeltzer  T Girshick  S L Miller  T G Dickson 《Avian diseases》1992,36(2):356-358

Antibody titers for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, and reovirus from chicks with chicken anemia agent (CAA) antibodies were compared with antibody titers from their CAA-antibody-negative counterparts. These comparisons were made in 396 chickens that were 1 day, 2 weeks, 8-9 weeks, 10 weeks, 17 weeks, or 29-32 weeks old. Only one serum sample was collected from any given chick or chicken. There were no significant differences between the antibody titers at any age for any antigen, with one exception: at 29-32 weeks, the IBDV titers were higher (t = 2.62, df = 142, P less than 0.01) in chickens with CAA antibody. Although not at all likely, we believe that the observation of high IBDV antibody titers in CAA-antibody-positive chicks could have been a spurious one.  相似文献   

Trenbolone acetate/estradiol combinations in feedlot steers: dose-response and implant carrier effects.     

S J Bartle  R L Preston  R E Brown  R J Grant 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(5):1326-1332

Two experiments were conducted at three locations to determine the correct dosage and carrier for trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol (E2) implants in feedlot steers. In the dose-response experiment, 1,296 steers were allotted to six implant treatments (48 pens per location): control, 140 mg of TBA (140/0), 30 mg of E2 (0/30), 20 mg of TBA + 4 mg of E2(20/4), 80 mg of TBA + 16 mg of E2(80/16), and 140 mg of TBA + 28 mg of E2 (140/28). In the carrier experiment, 575 steers were allotted to five implant treatments (25 pens per location): control, 140 mg of TBA + 28 mg of E2 in lactose (140/28-LA), 140 mg of TBA + 28 mg of E2 in cholesterol (140/28-CH), 140 mg of TBA + 20 mg of E2 in LA (140/20-LA), and 200 mg of progesterone + 20 mg of E2 benzoate (SS, reimplanted). In both experiments steers were fed a finishing diet for 140 to 168 d. In the dose-response experiment, response to TBA alone (140/0) did not differ from control (P greater than .2). Estradiol alone (0/30) improved ADG by 7% (P less than .01) and tended to improve feed efficiency over control (3%, P = .17). The highest dosage (140/28) improved ADG by 18% (P less than .001) and feed efficiency by 10% (P less than .001) over control and 10% (P less than .001) and 7% (P less than .01) over E2 alone, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

COMPARISON OF FOUR EXTENDERS FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE OF FRESH BOAR SEMEN     

J.P. Laforest  D. Allard 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,31(1):275-276

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Acquired syringomyelia in a dog.     

L Cauzinille  J N Kornegay 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(8):1225-1228

Acquired syringomyelia was diagnosed in an 11-year-old Fox Terrier with progressive paresis in the left pelvic limb. Myelography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an intramedullary lesion involving the left dorsolateral portion of the spinal cord at the level of L-2 and L-3 vertebrae. Clinical signs improved after surgical syringotomy. Microscopic evaluation of a biopsy specimen from the cyst wall did not establish a definitive histologic diagnosis. The cyst was decreased in size on magnetic resonance imaging 7 months later.  相似文献   

沙棘在西伯利亚面临的问题与解决办法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

P·L·贡恰诺夫  刘振和 《沙棘》2001,14(1):41-43

针对西伯利亚沙棘繁育发展中的问题，尤其是20世纪30年代从郭尔诺－阿尔泰地区引入的沙棘客体连续出现的品种变化，混杂和应淘汰等问题，指出：这里的沙棘，不但从野生发育形态方面出现诱变，而且目前在西伯利亚仅有20个左右繁育着的品种，在展示着原品种较为完备的特性；能按时结果；树冠低矮；有刺；浆果稳定。总的看，几乎在整个俄罗斯20个区域内传播着，占俄罗斯栽植品种的1／3。当然，每个品种都有有一个生物经济的所有制和栽植前的宣传发布与公认问题，解决这些问题，就能在各种不同地区加强推广和普及。但到目前为止，西伯利亚栽植繁育着的沙棘，还只是不多的原有一些品种，使用的还是过去认为效率高的多样化方法。  相似文献   

The Phytotoxicity of Various Graminicides in Durum Wheat in Greece     

D. Bilalis  P. Efthimiadis  & G. Karagiannis 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(2):121-126

The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates.  相似文献   

Efficacy evaluation of plant protection products     

A. M. P. Lavadinho 《EPPO Bulletin》2001,31(3):345-352

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