A Root Box Method to Estimate Virulence of Helicobasidium mompa Using Carrots and Its Comparison with the Conventional Method Using Apple Stocks     

Yukari UETAKE  Hitoshi NAKAMURA  Masao ARAKAWA  Ikuko OKABE  Naoyuki MATSUMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):175-181

A root box method with carrots was developed to estimate virulence of the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium mompa, to facilitate short-term screening of many isolates during a year. The root box consisted of two transparent acrylic plates and a plastic bag of vermiculite in which two taproots of carrot were growing and inoculated with the fungus growing on fragments of mulberry twigs. The boxes were kept in a greenhouse at 25°C, and the surface of carrots was observed weekly up to 14 weeks. The virulence of each isolate was determined based on the number of weeks after inoculation required for the fungus to develop infection cushions on the surface of carrots. Results were compared with those from the conventional inoculation method using apple stocks. Two-year-old 456 apple stocks were planted with or without fungal inoculum in 30-cm diam. plastic pots containing commercial soil and placed outdoors in April 1999. Symptoms on plant tops were observed weekly, and the first stocks were killed 14 weeks after inoculation. At the end of trial 1 (6 months) and trial 2 (14 months), apple stocks were dug up to rate disease index (DI) based on hyphal growth and infection cushion formation on the stem base. There was variability in disease severity among replicates as well as isolate variability ; however, the results were similar in both trails. The level of virulence estimated by both methods was almost parallel for a total of 23 isolates from five plant species, except for two isolates from sweet potato that formed no obvious infection cushion on apple roots but on carrot were the most virulent. Received 11 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 23 March 2001  相似文献   

Characteristics of PCR fragments amplified using five microsatellite markers for identifying the Nagoya breed     

Akihiro NAKAMURA  Kenji NAGAO  Hisako WATANABE  Hajime KONDO 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(4):438-443

The Nagoya breed is a native chicken of Aichi Prefecture, Japan, a dual‐purpose breed for eggs and meat. A method for distinguishing the Nagoya breed from Aichi Prefecture from other chickens using five microsatellite markers (ABR0015, ABR0257, ABR0417, ABR0495 and ADL0262) has already been utilized in order to check the authenticity of Nagoya breed‐labeled chicken on the market. The present study was conducted to investigate nucleotide sequences and sizes of PCR fragments containing the five microsatellite regions for the Nagoya breed and to confirm that the genomic identification could continue to be applied in the future. The DNA sequencing of fragments containing the five markers showed that ABR0015, ABR0417 and ABR0495 had a single haplotype, ABR0257 had three haplotypes, and ADL0262 had two haplotypes, although all the markers exhibited one fixed fragment size each upon sequencing of the fragments and fragment analysis. The results of the fragment analysis of each marker using DNA samples of 28 Nagoya breed males (G0 generation) reared in 2000–2001 and 20 of their offspring males (G8) reared in 2008–2009 showed one fixed fragment size in both populations. Therefore, we confirmed that the five microsatellite markers are useful tools for accurately distinguishing the Nagoya breed from other chickens.  相似文献   

Functional role of type VI collagen during early feather development of the chicken embryo in vitro     

Ken KOBAYASHI  Shigeharu FUKUNAGA  Kazuaki TAKENOUCHI  Yuko KATO-MORI  Fumio NAKAMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(3):273-282

The regulatory function of type VI collagen during early feather development in embryonic chickens was investigated at the cellular and organ levels. Immunohistochemical studies of embryonic chicken skin showed that type VI collagen was distributed in spatial‐specific and temporal‐specific manners related to early feather development. To clarify the role of type VI collagen, we studied the feather development in intact, reconstituted and reconstituted gel skin cultures. When ethyl‐3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) was added to the medium of intact skin as an inhibitor of type VI collagen synthesis, the feather buds did not elongate and the number of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)‐positive cells was reduced. However, the magnitudes of both suppressive effects of EDHB were reduced by the addition of liquid type VI collagen. Similar improvement was also observed in the reconstituted skin with liquid type VI collagen and in the reconstituted gel skin with solid type VI collagen at a low concentration. Moreover, type VI collagen promoted feather bud development in the absence of EDHB. However, a high concentration of solid type VI collagen in the reconstituted gel skin arrested the feather bud elongation, and antitype VI collagen antibodies caused feather buds to become longer and smaller in the reconstituted skin. At the cellular level, type VI collagen affected the proliferation, migration and NCAM expression of mesenchymal cells. These results suggest that type VI collagen regulates early feather development by controlling mesenchymal cell behavior.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic Analysis of Fowl Adenoviruses Isolated from Chickens with Gizzard Erosion in Japan     

Masaji MASE  Kikuyasu NAKAMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(11):1535-1538

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Overlaps in habitat use of fishes between a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan: Importance of the seagrass bed as juvenile habitat   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yohei  NAKAMURA  Mitsuhiko  SANO 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):788-803

ABSTRACT:   To clarify faunal overlap between a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas, and the number of reef fishes utilizing the seagrass bed as juvenile habitat, visual censuses were conducted at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan. The numbers of species and individuals of fishes were significantly higher in the coral area than in the seagrass bed and sand area. Cluster and ordination analyses based on the number of individuals of each species demonstrated that the fish assemblage structure differed among the three habitats in each season, but with some overlaps. Approximately half the seagrass bed fishes occurred in the adjacent coral area (coral–seagrass species). Dominant species of coral–seagrass species utilized the seagrass bed as an important juvenile habitat. Thus, some overlaps in habitat use were present between the seagrass bed and adjacent coral area. Despite such overlaps, however, coral–seagrass species accounted for only approximately 15% of coral reef fishes overall, indicating that most of the latter hardly utilize the seagrass bed directly in the study area.  相似文献   

A study of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (1).     

R. E. BOURKE  J. BROCK  R. M. NAKAMURA 《Journal of fish diseases》1987,10(4):275-287

Abstract. This study was initiated to determine the cause(s) of delayed mortality in newly captured skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (L.), being held at the National Marine Fisheries Service Kewalo Research Facility. Sixty-four per cent of 244 skipjack tuna delivered to the facility died, usually on the second or third day after capture. The capture history, morphological data, serum chemistry (21 standard parameters), haematology, and histological samples of major organs, were obtained from 30 fish sampled at sea immediately after capture, or after approximately 4, 9, 24, 48 or 500+ h in captivity. The cause(s) of death in these fish could not be attributed to anoxia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, lactic acidosis, capture myopathy or infection. Post-capture haemodilution is hypothesized as a major factor of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna.  相似文献   

The enhancement of Th1 immune response by anti-PD-L1 antibody in cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis     

Yamato SAJIKI  Satoru KONNAI  Reiko NAGATA  Satoko KAWAJI  Hayato NAKAMURA  Sotaro FUJISAWA  Tomohiro OKAGAWA  Naoya MAEKAWA  Yukinari KATO  Yasuhiko SUZUKI  Shiro MURATA  Yasuyuki MORI  Kazuhiko OHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):162

Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteritis of ruminants. Previous studies have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with the disease progression, and PD-L1 blockade activates MAP-specific Th1 responses in vitro. Here, we performed anti-PD-L1 antibody administration using 2 MAP-infected cattle at the late subclinical stage of infection. After administration, bacterial shedding was reduced or maintained at a low level. Additionally, MAP-specific Th1 cytokine production was upregulated, and CD69 expression was increased in T cells. Collectively, the treatment has a potential as a novel control method against Johne’s disease.  相似文献   

Detection of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in pure phloem sap of rice plants     

Shin-ichi NAKAMURA  Hiroaki HAYASHI  Mitsuo CHINO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(2):195-202

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The profile of urinary lipid metabolites in cats with bacterial cystitis     

Yui KOBAYASHI  Tatsuro NAKAMURA  Tomohiro YONEZAWA  Koji KOBAYASHI  Takahisa MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1977

Bacterial cystitis is one of the feline lower urinary tract diseases (FLUTDs). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are oxidized into various lipid mediators that modulate inflammation. Since the profile of lipid metabolites excreted in urine is useful for assessing inflammatory body conditions, we analyzed 126 types of urinary lipid metabolites in cats with bacterial cystitis. Using LC-MS/MS, we found that the levels of 11 metabolites were higher in the urine of cystitis cats than in the urine of healthy cats. In detail, the urinary levels of ARA, EPA, and DHA and eight of their metabolites were increased in cystitis cats. Focusing on the lipid oxidation pathway, the urinary levels of four cyclooxygenase-, three lipoxygenase-, and one cytochrome P450-dependent oxidated metabolites were increased in bacterial cystitis. These urinary lipid profiles can provide some insight into the pathology and future diagnosis of bacterial cystitis.  相似文献