复合乳酸菌制剂的耐受性和抑菌性研究     

辛娜  郭亮  邓露芳  郭上铭  孙林芳  张勇  王光晴 《中国饲料》2019,(9):63-67

本试验将四株饲用乳酸菌,制成复合乳酸菌制剂,通过单因素试验设计,以存活率为指标,研究复合微生态产品对高温、酸、胆盐的耐受性,采用琼脂稀释法、牛津杯法分别测定复合乳酸菌制剂对不同种类饲用抗生素的耐受性及对致病菌的抑制作用。结果表明:复合乳酸菌产品在温度65℃处理2.5、5、7.5 min以及85℃处理2.5 min对其存活率没有影响,但当85℃处理5 min,存活率下降至48%;p H为3时处理90 min存活率高达80.54%。对0.3%猪胆盐的耐受性较好,处理1 h存活率为73.52%;对抗生素(药物饲料添加剂)杆菌肽锌、亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽耐受性最强,对吉他霉素的耐受性最差;可抑制致病菌株大肠埃希氏菌的生长。体外评价试验结果表明,复合乳酸菌制剂具有很好的益生特性,可进一步研究其在动物上的应用效果。  相似文献   

FGF21及其受体FGFR1和FGFR2在小鼠毛囊第1生长周期的表达     

吴晋强  曹校瑞  闫瑞琴  陆娜  张娇娇  吴佳豪  赫晓燕 《畜牧兽医学报》2019,(3):534-543

旨在通过对FGF21、受体FGFR1和FGFR2在小鼠毛囊第1生长周期中的定位和表达情况的研究,以探索FGF21、受体FGFR1和FGFR2在毛囊发育过程中的作用。选取1、3、5、8、12、17、21和23日龄小鼠背部皮肤,采用免疫组织化学技术,实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹技术检测FGF21、FGFR1和FGFR2 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果显示:在小鼠毛囊第1生长周期中,FGF21主要表达于毛囊毛乳头、毛基质、内外根鞘以及毛囊周围的结缔组织中;FGFR1在毛囊各部均有表达,且在退化期(12～17日龄)和静止期(18～21日龄)主要表达于内外根鞘中;FGFR2广泛表达于毛囊各部。1、3、5、8、12、17日龄FGF 21 mRNA表达量极显著低于23日龄(P<0.01),21日龄的表达量低于23日龄,差异不显著(P>0.05);1～5日龄和23日龄FGF21蛋白表达量较高。1、3、5、8、12、21、23日龄FGFR1 mRNA表达量极显著低于17日龄(P<0.01);FGFR1蛋白表达量从12日龄开始上升,在17日龄时达到最高,之后又呈下降趋势。1、5、8、12、21和23日龄FGFR2 mRNA表达量极显著低于17日龄(P<0.01),在3日龄的表达量低于17日龄,差异不显著(P>0.05);FGFR2蛋白在1～17日龄都有较高表达。综上表明,在第1个毛囊生长周期中,FGF21对参与毛囊形成的成纤维细胞的增殖和分化具有重要作用,诱导毛囊由生长期进入退化期。FGFR1对内外根鞘细胞的增殖、分化有着明显作用,诱导毛囊由退化期进入静止期。FGFR2对毛囊内细胞增殖、分化具有重要作用,诱导毛囊由生长期和退化期进入静止期。  相似文献   

不同疏水性氨基酸对α-螺旋抗菌肽生物学活性的影响     

徐欣瑶  董娜  李欣然  杨洋  王志华  单安山 《畜牧兽医学报》2019,(4):791-801

天然抗菌肽具有较强的杀菌能力,但其较高的细胞毒性会使肽的细胞选择性降低。为了提高抗菌肽的选择特异性,本研究拟探讨不同疏水性氨基酸对α-螺旋抗菌肽生物学活性的影响及其抑菌机制。笔者采用α-螺旋肽GRX_2RX_3RX_2RG作为模板,分别以疏水性氨基酸色氨酸(Try,W)、苯丙氨酸(Phe,F)、缬氨酸(Val,V)、丙氨酸(Ala,A)、亮氨酸(Leu,L)和异亮氨酸(Ile,I)来替换X位置,得到了一系列富含疏水氨基酸的肽GW、GF、GV、GI、GA和GL。本研究检测了抗菌肽的二级结构、溶血活性、抑菌活性、盐离子活性,并对其抑菌的作用机制进行了研究。结果表明:通过CD光谱试验检测出GF、GI、GA和GL在细胞膜模拟环境中均表现出典型的α螺旋结构,而GV只在TFE中呈现α螺旋结构;溶血试验结果表明,GV和GA在浓度为128μmol·L^-1未表现出溶血活性,而其他肽均表现出较高的溶血活性;抑菌试验发现GV的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的几何平均值为3.7μmol·L^-1,并具有最高的治疗指数(TI);盐离子稳定性试验表明,在NH_4^+、Zn²⁺和Fe³⁺中GV对大肠杆菌25922(E.coli ATCC 25922)的抑菌能力较稳定。进一步通过扫描电镜和内膜通透性试验对抗菌肽GV的抑菌机制进行分析,结果观察到GV能够通过穿透E.coli ATCC 25922和金黄色葡萄球菌29213(S.aureus ATCC 29213)促使细胞内容物流出而导致细菌死亡,以及通过时间和剂量依赖的方式穿透细菌内膜。综合以上结果,富含Val的GV具有较高的细胞选择性和成为高效抗菌药物的发展潜力。  相似文献   

Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature     

Slamet Hartanto  Han Seo Ko  Seung Hwan Jee  Ji Ung Kang  Jee Soo Seo  Yu Hyun Kang  Hee Na Kim  Sang Jip Ohh 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(4):1160-1167

This study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat‐type KNCs (Hanhyup‐3, 4‐week‐old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week feeding trial. During overall period (0–6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0–3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3‐hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat‐stress tolerance of the chickens.  相似文献   

Protective influence of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa preserved at 17°C     

Na Wang  Kang Yang  Hai‐Tao Guo  Jing‐Ran Wang  Huan‐Huan Sun  Shun‐Wei Wang  Meng Sun  Liang‐Zheng Sun  Shun‐Li Yue  Jia‐Bo Zhou 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(8):1069-1077

Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and energy metabolism plays an important role in modulating sperm viability and function. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class that regulates metabolic flexibility and glucose uptake in various cell types, but its effects on boar sperm metabolism are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 17°C. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) containing different concentrations of rosiglitazone, and the motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm were detected. Besides, we measured glucose uptake capacity, l ‐lactate production level, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production of sperm after boar semen had been incubated with or without rosiglitazone, iodoacetate (glycolysis inhibitor) and rotenone (electron transport chain inhibitor) for 5 days. The addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced sperm quality and had a strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity during storage. BTS containing 50 μM rosiglitazone maintained the total motility of liquid‐preserved sperm above 60% for 7 days. Rosiglitazone improved sperm quality by regulating energy metabolism manner of preserved sperm, protected the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced sperm ATP production and in the meanwhile reduced mROS through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. The data suggested the practical feasibility of using rosiglitazone for improving boar spermatozoa quality during semen preservation.  相似文献   

犬瘟热病毒DNA疫苗接种犬的免疫保护   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐向明  殷俊  杨玲  李娜  薛整风  崔治中 《中国兽医学报》2008,28(9)

用犬瘟热病毒(CDV)囊膜糖蛋白基因(H、F)和核蛋白基因(N)重组质粒DNA和聚乙烯胺(PEI)混合后肌注10只3月龄CDV抗体阴性毕格犬,间隔30 d,共免疫3次,另选择5只犬作为阴性对照.免疫3次后,采用CDV攻毒.对照组呈现出犬瘟热的典型症状和组织病理损害,攻毒3周内,有2只犬衰竭死亡,1只犬症状明显,攻毒第18天外周血淋巴细胞中病毒RNA检测为阳性.DNA疫苗免疫组除出现一过性的体温升高外,未出现明显症状,攻毒后第18天外周血淋巴细胞CDV检测仍为阴性.DNA疫苗免疫后血清ELlSA抗体和病毒中和抗体测定显示,首免后机体激发的ELISA抗体滴度很低(101.25±0.615),二免后开始缓慢升高(101.69±0.285),再次免疫后达到102.051±0.214;中和抗体也呈现以上规律,三免后血清中和抗体为101.75±0.190,攻毒后血清ELISA抗体和中和抗体滴度迅速升高(103.02±0.202和102.41±0.245).试验表明CDV基因免疫对CDV的感染具有较好的保护作用,并能清除进入机体内的病毒.CDV基因免疫只激发较低水平的体液免疫,中和抗体在攻毒前达不到临界保护线(102),但对CDV攻击能产生较好的保护,推测其免疫效力可能源于细胞免疫和记忆性B淋巴细胞.  相似文献   

利血平增敏法检测恩诺沙星药物残留的研究     

陈曦  朱良强  祁克宗  占松鹤  李娜 《中国动物检疫》2008,25(11):28-31

目的了解恩诺沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的抗菌活性及利血平对其抗菌活性的影响。方法采用对倍稀释浓度琼脂平板法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值,同法测定利血平对恩诺沙星对金葡菌MIC值的影响。结果利血平可有效增强恩诺沙星的抗菌活性,增大了恩诺沙星抑制金葡菌的抑菌圈直径,提高了恩诺沙星在组织中检测的灵敏度。研究发现利血平加入后中心浓度由0.5ul/ml变为0.0625ul/ml,最低检测限由0.125μg/ml降低到0.015625μg/ml。最低检测限减低了8倍。  相似文献   

保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌促生长因子的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

古元懿  欧军  梁金钟 《乳业科学与技术》2008,31(3):117-121

研究了保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌在改良MRS和PYG培养基中,添加生长因子后的增菌效果,挑选出对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌增菌效果最好的三种生长因子后做三因素三水平的正交试验。试验结果表明,在改良MRS液体培养基中添加7％的番茄汁、10％的麦芽汁和6％的胡萝卜汁时,保加利亚乳杆菌的活菌数达到最高;在改良PYG培养基中添加7％的番茄汁、4％的香菇浸汁和5％的啤酒时,嗜热链球菌的活菌数达到最高。  相似文献   

米曲霉生产乳糖酶发酵条件的研究     

欧军  李威  梁金钟  古元懿 《乳业科学与技术》2008,31(3):110-114

为确定产乳糖酶的米曲霉菌株的最佳发酵培养条件,研究了米曲霉产乳糖酶的发酵培养基成分及培养条件。结果表明,米曲霉产乳糖酶的最佳培养基成分为：乳糖1．1％,蛋白胨0．5％,KH2PO4 2％,麸皮粉1．5％,桔皮粉1％;最佳培养条件：接种量10％,温度30℃,初始pH5．5,装液量50mL／250mL,摇床转数180r／min,培养时间4d。在此条件下培养,乳糖酶活力达2348 U／L。是初始发酵条件下酶活力的15．6倍。  相似文献   

Comparative effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on soil water distribution,water use,growth and yield in greenhouse grown hot pepper   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guang-Cheng Shao  Zhan-Yu Zhang  Na Liu  Shuang-En Yu  Weng-Gang Xing 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

This study was conducted to compare two water-saving practices, deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD), and examine how they affected soil water distribution, water use, growth and yield of greenhouse grown hot pepper compared to commercial irrigation (CI). Control (CI) in which irrigation water was applied to both sides of the system when soil water content was lower by 80% of field capacity; deficit irrigation (DI50, DI75) in which 50% and 75% irrigation water of CI supplied to both sides of the root system; 1PRD with half of the root system exposed to soil drying and other half kept well-watered with 50% irrigation water of CI, and 2PRD with 50% irrigation water of CI supplied, half to fixed side of the root system. The results showed mean soil volumetric water content of DI75, DI50, 1PRD and 2PRD were lower by 21.06%, 28.32%, 24.48% and 34.76%, respectively than that of CI after starting the experiment. Water consumption showed some significant effect of irrigation treatments during the growing period of drought stress application, and therefore decreased in DI75, DI50, 1PRD and 2PRD to a level around 75% and 50% of CI. All the DI and PRD treatments resulted in a reduction of total dry mass of 7.29–44.10%, shoot biomass of 24.97–47.72% compared to CI, but an increase in the root–shoot ratio of 12.50–35.42% compared to the control and with significant differences between 2PRD, 1PRD, DI50 and CI. The yield of 1PRD was significantly reduced by 23.98% compared to CI (19,566 kg hm⁻²) over a period of 109 days after transplanting. However, the 1PRD treatment had 17.21% and 24.54% additional yield over the DI50 and 2PRD treatments and had 52.05% higher irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) than CI treatment. At harvest, although there was a significant difference recorded as single fruit weight and single fruit volume were reduced under the DI and PRD treatments, total soluble solids concentration of fruit harvested under the water-deficit treatments were higher compared to CI. Stomatal conductance measured in fresh leaf was the lowest under 1PRD treatment relative to CI and other treatments. The low stomatal conductance of fresh-leaf issue observed in the work supported the root signaling mechanism reported earlier in plants having undergone partial root drying cycles.  相似文献