Wheat spike fertility: inheritance and relationship with spike yield components in early generations          下载免费PDF全文

Diana L. Martino  Pablo E. Abbate  María G. Cendoya  Florencia Gutheim  Nadia E. Mirabella  Ana C. Pontaroli 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(3):264-270

In wheat, grain number is considered as the product of spike dry weight (SDW) and the number of grains per unit of SDW, that is an indicator of spike fertility (SF). The aim of this study was to determine the heritability of SF and the effect of early selection for high SF on its relationship with other spike yield components. Two field experiments were conducted in the south‐eastern Pampas (Argentina) with 400 F₂ and F_2:3 families obtained from two crosses between varieties with contrasting SF (PIG/SSN and B10/KCJ). Heritability estimates in PIG/SSN and B10/KCJ were, respectively, 0.60 and 0.51 by variance component analysis, 0.43 and 0.43 by F₂ : F₃ parent–offspring regression and 0.30 and 0.28 by realized heritability analysis. The existence of transgressive segregation (i.e. the occurrence of families with SF values that were more extreme than those of the parents) was observed. The top 25% F₃ families with the highest SF had 12% more grains per spike, despite a 13% and 5% decrease in SDW per spike and weight per grain, respectively, than the remaining families. These results give support to the application of early selection for high SF.  相似文献   

Molecular adaptation of barley to cold and drought conditions     

Antonio Michele Stanca  Cristina Crosatti  Maria Grossi  Nadia Gloria Lacerenza  Fulvia Rizza  Luigi Cattivelli 《Euphytica》1996,92(1-2):215-219

Summary Molecular adaptation to cold and drought involves a series of biochemical and molecular changes leading plants to improve their winter hardiness or drought resistance.We are interested to study the molecular basis of cold acclimation and drought response of barley to survive under stress. Several genes regulated by low temperatures and sometimes by drought have been isolated from the barley genome. In this review the most significant results of our recent work will be presented and discussed.The protein encoded by cDNA clone pt59 and induced in barley by cold was over-expressed in E. coli to produce the matching antibody, which in vivo recognizes a cold-induced protein of 14 kDa (COR14). The COR14 is stored in amounts only slightly greater in the cold resistant Onice than in the susceptible Gitane, although the former has a higher induction-temperature threshold of COR14 than the latter. This fact is an evolutionary advantage enabling the resistant varieties in the field to prepare for the cold well ahead of the susceptible ones.Two other cDNA clones, paf93 and cdr29, are regulated by low temperature and drought stress but not by exogenous ABA treatment. Indeed during the early stage of dehydration, the mRNAs are expressed before the induction of known ABA regulated genes such as dehydrins and when only a small increase occurs in ABA content. The sequence analysis revealed that paf93 encodes for a protein homologous to the cold-regulated protein COR47 of Arabidopsis, whereas cdr29 represents a plant gene homologous to yeast and mammalian sequences coding for acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase.Abbreviations ABA abscisic acid - COR cold regulated  相似文献   

Design aspects of 24 h recall assessments may affect the estimates of protein and potassium intake in dietary surveys     

Crispim SP  Geelen A  Siebelink E  Huybrechts I  Lillegaard IT  Margaritis I  Rehurkova I  Slimani N  Ocke MC  de Boer E  Veer PV  de Vries JH 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(7):1196-1200

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Morphological traits of stem to indirect selection of resistance to lodging in Avena sativa L     

Silveira  Diógenes Cecchin  Basso  Simone Meredith Scheffer  Ebone  Luciano Antônio  Caverzan  Andréia  Machado  Juliana Medianeira  Schaeffer  Afonso Henrique  Folchini  Jessica Aneris  Lângaro  Nadia Canali 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(1):39-50

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The runout of newly cultivated areas in the world without recurring to the deforestation, demand a necessity to improve yield to sustain a growth...  相似文献   

Locomotor primitives in newborn babies and their development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dominici N  Ivanenko YP  Cappellini G  d'Avella A  Mondì V  Cicchese M  Fabiano A  Silei T  Di Paolo A  Giannini C  Poppele RE  Lacquaniti F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6058):997-999

How rudimentary movements evolve into sophisticated ones during development remains unclear. It is often assumed that the primitive patterns of neural control are suppressed during development, replaced by entirely new patterns. Here we identified the basic patterns of lumbosacral motoneuron activity from multimuscle recordings in stepping neonates, toddlers, preschoolers, and adults. Surprisingly, we found that the two basic patterns of stepping neonates are retained through development, augmented by two new patterns first revealed in toddlers. Markedly similar patterns were observed also in the rat, cat, macaque, and guineafowl, consistent with the hypothesis that, despite substantial phylogenetic distances and morphological differences, locomotion in several animal species is built starting from common primitives, perhaps related to a common ancestral neural network.  相似文献   

The physicochemical and tribological properties of oleic acid based triester biolubricants     

Nadia Salih  Jumat SalimonEmad Yousif 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1089-1096

Currently, increasing pollutants in the environment lead to an increase in the use of plant oil based biolubricants. These products could lead to a significant reduction in environmental pollution and thus contribute to the discovery of a replacement for petroleum-based lubricants. Plant oils are advantageous because they are rapidly biodegradable, renewable, excellent lubricants and inexpensive to produce. However, these oils show poor stability to oxidation and unfavorable properties at low temperatures. Thus, this work outlines modifications in the epoxidation, oxirane ring opening, esterification and acylation reactions used to produce oleic acid based triester derivatives. These products have improved physicochemical and tribological properties that make them good biolubricant base stock candidates. Octyl 9-(lauroyloxy)-10-(behenoxy)octadecanoate 22 has the lowest pour point (−45 °C) while octyl 9-(lauroyloxy)-10-(octyloxy)octadecanoate 16 has the highest onset temperature. Based on the results, an increase in mid chain substituent length improves the pour point and anti-wear properties but conversely lowers the onset temperature.  相似文献   

Effects of low salinity exposure on immunological,physiological and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei     

Hctor M. Esparza‐Leal  Jesús T. Ponce‐Palafox  Carlos M. Cervantes‐Cervantes  Wenceslao Valenzuela‐Quinez  Antonio Luna‐Gonzlez  Ely S. Lpez‐lvarez  Nadia Vzquez‐Montoya  Mariel Lpez‐Espinoza  Rosa L. Gmez‐Peraza 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):944-950

Growth, immunological and physiological parameters of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared at different salinity levels (1, 10, 15, 25 and 35 g/L) at stocking density of 214 shrimp/m³ were examined at 1, 30 and 63 days. Results showed that the total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp decreased with time at all salinity levels, indicating a potential reduction in the resistance of shrimp against pathogens, since a low value of THC indicates a perturbation of the immune system. Glucose and protein values observed in the haemolymph throughout the study indicate that shrimp adapted well to low salinities (1, 10 and 15 g/L). Although of those shrimp reared at 10 g/L only 83.3% survived, at this salinity, shrimp depicted a higher glucose concentration in haemolymph at the beginning and end of the study.  相似文献   

Correction to: Associated effects of shading on the behavior,growth, and survival of Stichopus cf. horrens juveniles     

Rioja  Rose Angeli  Palomar-Abesamis  Nadia  Juinio-Meñez  Marie Antonette 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(2):1087-1088

Aquaculture International -  相似文献