A severity score for spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis     

CG RUAUX  RB ATWELL 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(12):804-808

Objective To derive a severity score for spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis applicable to general practice.
Design Cohort study of canine pancreatitis cases.
Procedure Cases (n = 68) of spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis presented to general practitioners were identified among accessions to Veterinary Pathology Services Brisbane. The primary veterinarian was surveyed by telephone to ascertain the outcome of each case. Scores were assigned for extent of hyperamylasaemia, hyperlipasaemia and number of organ systems other than the pancreas compromised. The probability of mortality with each score of each analyte was calculated. The strength of interaction between scores for each analyte and mortality rate was assessed by chi-square analysis where appropriate. Relationships between the organ system score, other physiological variables and likelihood of euthanasia were analysed.
Results Scores derived mathematically from analysis of enzyme activities had poor abilities to predict mortality. The score based upon the number of organ systems compromised showed good ability to predict mortality and the interaction between the organ system score and mortality rate was significant by chi-square analysis (P < 0.01). Distribution of data within the amylase and lipase scores was not compatible with chi-square analysis.
Conclusion Assessment of severity of spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis using pancreatic enzyme activities is potentially inaccurate. The use of a severity score based upon organ system compromise was more accurate in determining the likelihood of mortality in spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis. This is compatible with the hypothesis that severe canine acute pancreatitis is a multiple organ failure syndrome.  相似文献   

Coprological methods for the diagnosis of Anoplocephala perfoliata infection of the horse     

RMC WILLIAMSON  I. BEVERIDGE  RB GASSER 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):618-621

Objective To compare the sensitivities of three coprological techniques for the diagnosis of Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in horses and to assess the value of the methods for diagnosis of horses at risk of clinical cestodiasis.
Design Faecal samples were collected from necropsied horses with or without A perfoliata infection and examined using one sedimentation and two different flotation methods. The coprological results were compared with worm counts performed at necropsy of the horses and the degree of mucosal damage. In addition, the efficiency of recovery of A perfoliata eggs from faeces was tested.
Results The overall sensitivities of the methods ranged from 22.5 to 37.5%, and the capacity of the methods to diagnose infection increased with the intensity of infection. A simple flotation method achieved a better sensitivity (37.5%) at all intensities of infection compared with the other two methods (22.5 to 25%). That method was also more sensitive in detecting eggs in 'negative' faecal samples spiked with known numbers of A perfoliata eggs.
Conclusion The results indicated that, despite the low sensitivities of present methods, faecal flotation is likely to be of value in detecting horses at risk of clinical disease.  相似文献   

Fusobacterium equinum possesses a leukotoxin gene and exhibits leukotoxin activity     

Tadepalli S  Stewart GC  Nagaraja TG  Jang SS  Narayanan SK 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(1-2):89-96

Fusobacterium equinum, a gram negative, rod-shaped and an obligate anaerobic bacterium is a newly described species. The organism is associated with necrotic infections of the respiratory tract in horses that include necrotizing pneumonia, pleuritis and paraoral infections. The species is closely related to F. necrophorum that causes liver abscesses in cattle and sheep, calf-diphtheria in cattle, and foot-rot in sheep and cattle. Leukotoxin, an exotoxin, is an important virulence factor in bovine strains of F. necrophorum. Our objective was to examine strains (n=10) of F. equinum for leukotoxin (lktA) gene and its toxic effects on equine leukocytes. Southern hybridization and partial DNA sequencing revealed that all the 10 strains had the lktA gene with greater similarities to F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum. The secreted leukotoxin was detected in the culture supernatant and its biological activity was determined by viability assays with equine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) using flow cytometry. While culture supernatants of four strains (E1, E7, E9, and E10) were highly toxic to equine PMNs; strain E5 was moderately toxic and the remaining strains (E2, E3, E4, E6, and E8) were only mildly toxic. Our data indicated that F. equinum isolates had lktA gene and its product was toxic to equine leukocytes. Therefore, leukotoxin may be an important virulence factor in F. equinum infections.  相似文献   

Transcriptomic investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)     

Ewerton C Lira  Antonio RB Nascimento  Chris Bass  Celso Omoto  Fernando L Cônsoli 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5349-5361

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Evaluation of ELISA based on the conserved and functional middle region of nucleocapsid protein to detect distemper infection in dogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Latha D  Geetha M  Ramadass P  Narayanan RB 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(3-4):251-260

A 287 bp fragment from the middle region of the nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus (CDV) was amplified from the conjunctival samples of distemper-infected dogs and was cloned into pRSET B vector. The recombinant protein was expressed as a 16-kDa-fusion protein with histidine tag in E. coli. Sera of distemper-infected and vaccinated dogs contained IgG antibodies against the purified recombinant protein as observed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and showed a strong correlation (r = 0.882, p < 0.0001 at 95% CI) and good agreement (kappa = 0.718) with the conventional tissue culture viral antigen based ELISA. Further, the results of recombinant protein based ELISA and Western blotting with the sera from the infected and vaccinated dogs correlated well (kappa = 0.8226). These findings recommend the use of the recombinant protein in the serodiagnosis of canine distemper virus infection in dogs.  相似文献   

Avian influenza in Australia: a summary of 5 years of wild bird surveillance          下载免费PDF全文

VL Grillo  KE Arzey  PM Hansbro  AC Hurt  S Warner  J Bergfeld  GW Burgess  B Cookson  CJ Dickason  M Ferenczi  T Hollingsworth  MDA Hoque  RB Jackson  M Klaassen  PD Kirkland  NY Kung  S Lisovski  MA O'Dea  K O'Riley  D Roshier  LF Skerratt  JP Tracey  X Wang  R Woods  L Post 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(11):387-393

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Molecular and phenotypic characterization revealed six <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum</Emphasis> species responsible for anthracnose disease of small cardamom in South India     

Chabanahalli?Somashekar?Chethana  Pallem?ChowdappaEmail author  Chakkiyanickal?Narayanan?Biju  Ravindran?Praveena  Annaiah?Mukkatira?Sujatha 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,146(3):465-481

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is extensively cultivated in the Western Ghats of South India either as a monocrop under the forest trees or as an intercrop along with arecanut and coffee plantations. Colletotrichum species responsible for severe outbreaks of anthracnose on small cardamom in South India are reported. Small cardamom anthracnose, popularly known as “Chenthal”, manifests itself on the foliage as yellowish lesions, which later coalesce to form large blighted areas. In advanced stages, the affected leaves dry up giving a burnt appearance to the plant. Twenty-five isolates of Colletotrichum were isolated from leaves of small cardamom in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India. The isolates were characterized through morphological studies and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, TUB2, CYLH3, GS and ApMat gene regions) to test whether different species are present and identified: C. karstii (2 isolates), C. gloeosporioides (1), C. siamense (7), C. syzygicola (6), Colletotrichum sp (5), and C. guajavae (4), as the cause of anthracnose on small cardamom for the first time. Pathogenicity of the six species was confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of Colletotrichum species which cause anthracnose diseases on small cardamom.  相似文献   

Plant pathogen culture collections: it takes a village to preserve these resources vital to the advancement of agricultural security and plant pathology     

Kang S  Blair JE  Geiser DM  Khang CH  Park SY  Gahegan M  O'Donnell K  Luster DG  Kim SH  Ivors KL  Lee YH  Lee YW  Grünwald NJ  Martin FM  Coffey MD  Veeraraghavan N  Makalowska I 《Phytopathology》2006,96(9):920-925

ABSTRACT Plant pathogen culture collections are essential resources in our fight against plant disease and for connecting discoveries of the present with established knowledge of the past. However, available infrastructure in support of culture collections is in serious need of improvement, and we continually face the risk of losing many of these collections. As novel and reemerging plant pathogens threaten agriculture, their timely identification and monitoring depends on rapid access to cultures representing the known diversity of plant pathogens along with genotypic, phenotypic, and epidemiological data associated with them. Archiving such data in a format that can be easily accessed and searched is essential for rapid assessment of potential risk and can help track the change and movement of pathogens. The underexplored pathogen diversity in nature further underscores the importance of cataloguing pathogen cultures. Realizing the potential of pathogen genomics as a foundation for developing effective disease control also hinges on how effectively we use the sequenced isolate as a reference to understand the genetic and phenotypic diversity within a pathogen species. In this letter, we propose a number of measures for improving pathogen culture collections.  相似文献   

Wildfire and Invasive Plants in American Deserts: A Special Feature     

Mark A. Weltz  Linda Coates-Markle  Rang Narayanan 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2011,64(5):429-430

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Effects of two simulated oxytetracycline dosing regimens on horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model     

Lubbers BV  Peterson GJ  Narayanan SK  Havel JA  Coetzee JF  Apley MD 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(7):877-883

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