Update on therapy of canine epilepsy          下载免费PDF全文

Dowling PM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1999,40(8):595-598

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Catheters: a review of the selection, utilisation and complications of catheters for peripheral venous access     

Tan RH  Dart AJ  Dowling BA 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(3):136-139

Intravenous catheters are used for the administration of medications and fluids and are an integral part of veterinary practice. The aim of catheter use is to optimise administration of medication and minimise complications such as thrombus formation, thrombophlebitis and sepsis. Catheters made from teflon are less flexible, less durable and stimulate more tissue reaction than polyurethane or silicon. However silicon catheters are more expensive and complicated to insert. Generally, for veterinary practice, the biostability and cost of polyurethane catheters make them preferable for short and long-term use. The smallest diameter catheter should be selected to minimise internal vessel wall contact and irritation without compromising medication delivery. The site of insertion varies with individual preference, vessel access and patient compliance. The jugular, cephalic, saphenous, ear, lateral thoracic and subcutaneous abdominal veins are accessible. Hair removal and a thorough aseptic skin preparation should be performed prior to catheter insertion. Daily maintenance is required to detect complications and maximise catheter longevity. Potential complications include thrombus formation, thromboembolism, bacterial colonisation and septicaemia, blood loss and air embolism. Permanent or transient skin dwelling bacteria are commonly isolated if sepsis occurs. The development of novel antiseptic and antibiotic impregnated catheters may reduce the complications associated with catheter infection in the future.  相似文献   

Effects on plasma endotoxin and eicosanoid concentrations and serum cytokine activities in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance ride under similar terrain and weather conditions     

Barton MH  Williamson L  Jacks S  Norton N 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(6):754-761

OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma endotoxin concentration in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance race and its importance with regard to physical, hematologic, or serum and plasma biochemical variables. ANIMAL: 3 horses. PROCEDURE: Weight and rectal temperature measurements and blood samples were obtained before, during, and after exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma endotoxin concentration; serum antiendotoxin antibody titers; thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (PGF1alpha) concentrations; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities; WBC, plasma protein, lactate, serum electrolyte, and calcium concentrations; PCV; and creatine kinase activity. RESULTS: Detection of plasma endotoxin increased during exercise for horses competing at all distances but occurred more frequently in the 48- and 83-km groups. Plasma lactate concentration was significantly greater when endotoxin was concurrently detected. Endotoxin in plasma was not significantly associated with success of race completion. Plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations and serum IL-6 activity significantly increased with exercise. Horses that had an excellent fitness level (as perceived by their owners) had greater decreases in serum antiendotoxin antibody titers during exercise than did horses perceived as less fit. In horses with better finish times, TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations were significantly greater and TNFalpha activity was significantly less than that of slower horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endotoxemia developed during endurance racing, but was significantly correlated with increased plasma lactate concentration and not with other variables indicative of endotoxemia. Plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations and serum TNFalpha activity may be associated with performance success.  相似文献   

Recombinant equine growth hormone administration: effects on synovial fluid biomarkers and cartilage metabolism in horses     

Dart AJ  Little CB  Hughes CE  Chu O  Dowling BA  Hodgson DR  Rose RJ  Johnson KA 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(3):302-307

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Recombinant equine growth hormone (reGH) has recently been evaluated for effects on body condition and wound healing. It has the potential to influence articular cartilage via stimulation of IGF-1. OBJECTIVES: To investigate effects of administration on synovial joint metabolism. METHODS: Six mature horses were given 20 microg/kg bwt reGH daily for 8 weeks by i.m. injection. Three control horses were injected with sterile water. Serum and synovial fluid samples were collected at 6, 8, 11 and 16 weeks for GH and IGF-1 assays. Articular cartilage harvested at week 16 was evaluated by Western analysis using monoclonal antibodies BC-13, BC-4, 8-A-4 and CH-3. RESULTS: Concentrations of IGF-1 in serum and synovial fluid were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) at 6 and 8 weeks in the reGH group. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations in synovial fluid were significantly less than controls at these time points, suggesting that reGH may modulate proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage. In the reGH group, there were not any alterations in synovial fluid content of 3B3(-) epitope or aggrecan metabolite, or in aggrecan or link protein catabolites retained within cartilage, that might be expected with development of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular administration of reGH may be a more efficient means of delivery of IGF-1 to joints for cartilage resurfacing initiatives. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: We found no alterations in cartilage metabolism indicative of development of osteoarthritis.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial-induced endotoxin and cytokine activity in an in vitro model of septicemia in foals     

Bentley AP  Barton MH  Lee MD  Norton NA  Moore JN 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(5):660-668

OBJECTIVE: To determine which antimicrobials that are used to treat neonatal foals with septicemia attributable to Escherichia coli will minimize endotoxin release from bacteria and subsequent activity of inflammatory mediators while maintaining bactericidal efficacy. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 10 healthy foals. PROCEDURE: Escherichia coli isolates A and B were isolated from 2 septicemic foals, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 9 antimicrobials. Five of these antimicrobials were tested in vitro at 2 and 20 times their respective MIC. Whole blood or mononuclear cells grown in tissue-culture media were incubated with 105 colony-forming units of E. coli and each antimicrobial or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. After 6 hours, number of viable bacteria remaining was determined, and supernatant was tested for endotoxin and tumor necrosis activity. RESULTS: Testing in whole blood was compromised by bactericidal effects of the blood itself. In mononuclear cell suspensions, each antimicrobial significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria to low or undetectable amounts. Antimicrobials did not differ significantly in efficacy of bacterial killing. Amikacin used alone or in combination with ampicillin resulted in significantly less endotoxin activity than did ampicillin, imipenem, or ceftiofur alone. There was a correlation between TNF-alpha and endotoxin activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aminoglycosides appear less likely to induce endotoxemia and TNF-alpha synthesis during bactericidal treatment of E. coli septicemia, compared with beta-lactam antimicrobials. Use of ampicillin, imipenem, or ceftiofur in the treatment of septicemic neonatal foals should be accompanied by appropriate treatment for endotoxemia.  相似文献   

News from the Scientific Organising Committee Learning new tricks to treat old dogs     

Dr Maureen Revington  Natalie Walker 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(3):N10-N10

Treating elderly pets and maximising your practice returns will be in focus at this year's AVA Annual Conference. The Scientific Organising Committee is delighted that such distinguished international and local speakers have agreed to give presentations in the Small Animal (Geriatric Medicine and Surgery) and Practice Management streams at the conference.
The AVA Conference will be at Hobart's Wrest Point Conference Centre from May 21–26, 2006. To see the full program and to register online visit www.ava.com.au/avaconference.  相似文献   

Survival in Dogs with Nasal Adenocarcinoma: 64 Cases (1981–1995)     

Carolyn J. Henry  William G. Brewer Jr.    Jeff W. Tyler  William R. Brawner  Ralph A. Henderson  Gerald H. Hankes  Natalie Royer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(6):436-439

Case records of 64 dogs with nasal adenocarcinoma were reviewed. The effects of age, gender, tumor stage, presence of metastatic lesions, and treatment method on survival time were examined. Surgery groups included rhinotomy (n = 9), transnasal curettage (n = 29), and no surgery (n = 26). Chemotherapy groups included fluorouracil-cyclophosphamide combination therapy (n = 15), mitoxantrone (n = 7), and no chemotherapy (n = 42). Fifty-three dogs received fractionated cobalt 60 radiation therapy. Surgical procedure, chemotherapy group, and stage of primary tumor were not significantly associated with survival time ( P > .05). Dogs that received radiation therapy had a significantly longer median survival time (424 days) than dogs that did not (126 days) ( P = .0001). The presence of either regional lymph node or pulmonary metastasis was associated with significantly shorter median survival time (109 days) when compared to dogs without metastases (393 days) ( P = .0125). When only dogs that had received radiation therapy were considered, neither surgical treatment nor chemotherapy group was associated with significant changes in median survival time. An alternate staging system emphasizing the presence or absence of metastases is proposed. Key words: Chemotherapy; Metastasis; Radiotherapy.  相似文献   

Oxytetracycline residues in tissue, organs, and eggs of poultry fed supplemented rations     

S E Katz  C A Fassbender  J J Dowling 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1973,56(1):77-81

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Comments — incompassionate, and a negative contribution — A reply          下载免费PDF全文

Trisha Dowling  Ken Kilpatrick 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(10):1001

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Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs, 2nd ed. + CD-ROM          下载免费PDF全文

Trisha Dowling 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(5):492

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