Effects of biofloc under different carbon sources and protein levels on water quality,growth performance and immune responses in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1978)          下载免费PDF全文

Sujeet Kumar  Panantharayil S Shyne Anand  Debasis De  Ashutosh D Deo  Tapas K Ghoshal  Jitendra K Sundaray  Alphis G Ponniah  Karingalakkandy Poochirian Jithendran  Ramalingam Ananda Raja  Gouranga Biswas  Natarajan Lalitha 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1168-1182

A 75‐day 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two levels of dietary protein (32 and 40%) and two different carbon sources (rice flour–R and molasses‐M), and without carbohydrate (control–C) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon juveniles (3.37 ± 0.04 g) at 100 nos. m^?3 in 100 L fibre reinforced plastic tanks. Biofloc volume and total suspended solid were higher in molasses added groups (32 + M and 40 + M) followed by rice flour (32 + R and 40 + R) and controls (32C and 40C). Molasses and rice flour addition significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the total ammonia–N compared to controls. The highest Vibrio, Bacillus and Lactobacillus counts were recorded in 40 + M, 32 + M and 32 + R respectively. Among the treatments, significantly higher (P < 0.01) final body weight was recorded in 40 + R (8.5 ± 0.3 g), 40 + M (7.8 ± 0.3 g) and 32 + R (7.5 ± 0.4 g) compared to control groups, 32C (6.1 ± 0.3 g), 40C (6.4 ± 0.3 g) and molasses added group, 32 + M (5.7 ± 0.4 g). Rice flour supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.01) the total haemocyte count (×10⁶ cells mL^?1) in 32 + R (45.7 ± 3.7) and 40 + R (44.3 ± 3.1) compared to controls, 32C (27.3 ± 3.4) and 40C (25.8 ± 0.9). Similarly, higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, serum protein and glucose were recorded in the rice flour added groups, 40 + R followed by 32 + R. Among the treatments, the highest level of prophenoloxidase (OD 490 nm, 0.3 ± 0.0) and survival after challenge with Vibrio harveyi (55.6%) was observed in 32 + R. The study elucidates that rice flour addition produces optimum level of biofloc with better growth and immune responses compared to molasses and control. Furthermore, rice flour addition at 32% protein level could replace 40% protein feed.  相似文献   

Changes in soil and water quality at sediment–water interface of Penaeus vannamei culture pond at varying salinities     

Ramamoorthy Saraswathy  Moturi Muralidhar  Das Sanjoy  Periyamuthu Kumararaja  Sukumaran Suvana  Natarajan Lalitha  Vinaya Kumar Katneni  Arunachalam Nagavel  Koyadan Kizhakedath Vijayan 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1096-1106

The health of the pond environment in shrimp farming is important for sustainable and profitable aquaculture, in which sediment–water interface is the most important influencing area. With this objective, the key parameters of water and sediment at the interface was studied in shrimp ponds with varying salinities and compared with the surface water and soil to understand the variations and the underlying causes. Total ammonia nitrogen and total alkalinity were higher in water at the interface as compared to surface water, whereas pH, nitrite, oxide forms of nitrogen (NO₃), phosphorus (PO₄) and oxidizing bacteria were observed to be lower. There was no significant difference with respect to macrominerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium between water at the interface and surface. These changes are profoundly influenced by the uppermost 1.0‐cm thick sediment layer, where the maximum transition of nutrients takes place with the water column. The outcome of the study highlights the effectiveness of water sampling for metabolites at the interface, which reflects at an early stage any potential deterioration of pond environment, which will help the farmer to initiate timely mitigation measures.  相似文献   

Mycorrhizal (Rhizophagus Intraradices) Symbiosis and Fe and Zn Availability in Calcareous Soil     

Natarajan Balakrishnan 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(11):1357-1371

Greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) fractionation patterns in soils of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus-inoculated and uninoculated maize plants fertilized with varying levels of Fe and Zn. Soil samples were collected for Fe and Zn fractions and available Fe, Zn and phosphorus (P) contents besides organic and biomass carbon (BMC), soil enzymes and glomalin. Major portion of Fe and Zn fractionations was found to occur in the residual form. Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased the organically bound forms of Fe and Zn while reducing the crystalline oxide, residual Fe and Zn fractions, indicating the transformation of unavailable forms into available forms. Soil enzymes, viz. dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities in M+ soils, were significantly higher than M? soil consistently. Overall, the data suggest that mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the availability of Fe and Zn as a result of preferential fractionation and biochemical changes that may alleviate micronutrient deficiencies in calcareous soil.

Abbreviations: AM: arbuscular mycorrhiza; Fe: Iron; Zn: Zinc; P: Phosphorous; Amox-Zn: amorphous oxide bound zinc; Cryox-Zn: crystalline oxide bound zinc; DAS: days after sowing; DTPA: diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid; MnO₂-Zn: manganese oxide bound zinc; OC-Zn: organically bound zinc; WSEX: water soluble plus exchangeable zinc; MnO₂ Fe: manganese oxide bound iron; OC-Fe: Organically bound iron; WSEX Fe: water soluble plus exchangeable iron.  相似文献   

Antiviral activity of 3‐(1‐chloropiperidin‐4‐yl)‐6‐fluoro benzisoxazole 2 against White spot syndrome virus in Freshwater crab,Paratelphusa hydrodomous          下载免费PDF全文

Chavva Bala Rajashekar Reddy  Sundaram Dinesh  Natarajan Anusha  Toshiaki Itami  Sabbasani Rajasekhara Reddy  Raja Sudhakaran 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(8):2677-2681

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Culture of the sorghum earhead bug,Calocoris angustus Lethierry in the laboratory     

N. Natarajan  P. C. Sundara Babu 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3)

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Ellagic acid modulates antioxidant status, ornithine decarboxylase expression, and aberrant crypt foci progression in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-instigated colon preneoplastic lesions in rats     

Kumar KN  Raja SB  Vidhya N  Devaraj SN 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(14):3665-3672

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EPR studies on gamma-irradiated barley seeds: identification of trapped electrons.     

L I Shukla  V Natarajan  T P Devasagayam  M D Sastry  P C Kesavan 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(11):5273-5278

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were conducted on barley seeds exposed to normal (H(2)O) and deuterated (D(2)O) moisture, irradiated with 750 Gy at 77 K. Reported here, for the first time, are the trapped electrons formed on gamma-irradiation of seeds at 77 K. Electrons are stabilized/solvated with an increase in the moisture content (H(2)O/D(2)O) of seeds. The recombination of the trapped electron with radical cation gave intense thermoluminescence emission at 110 K. With the increase in temperature and the destruction of singlet, unmasking of an underlying heterogeneous population of free radicals was observed. These free radicals emanate mainly from the endosperm (approximately 95% by wt of the seed), whereas irradiated embryos show a broad multiplet of comparatively low amplitude. Radiolysis of carbohydrate, proteins (approximately 95% of endosperm), and lipids could possibly be responsible for the heterogeneous population of free radicals. Peroxyl radicals were also observed on annealing.  相似文献   

A prospective randomized,double‐blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine‐bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction     

Chap L. Pratt  Anusha Balakrishnan  Erin McGowan  Kenneth J. Drobatz  Erica L. Reineke 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(2):170-178

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Sudden Death Following Hump-Nosed Pit Viper (Hypnale hypnale) Bite     

R.M.M.K. Namal Rathnayaka  P.E. Anusha Nishanthi Ranathunga  S.A.M. Kularatne 《The Forestry Chronicle》2021,32(1):125-127

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Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma in a Yellow-Headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix)     

Anusha Hemamali TENNAKOON  Takeshi IZAWA  Daisuke FUJITA  Yuki DENDA  Eiko SETO  Hiroshi SASAI  Mitsuru KUWAMURA  Jyoji YAMATE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(11):1507-1510

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