Breeding biology of Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schn.) and Pseudorhombus arsius (Ham. Buch.) Pisces: Pleuronectiformes along Porto Novo coast (S. India)     

N. Ramanathan  R. Natarajan 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1979,18(3):269-282

Studies on the development of ova up to maturity clearly indicated that Psettodes erumei and Pseudorhombus arsius breed only once a year for 3 to 4 months in Porto Novo waters. Psettodes erumei spawns its eggs in two batches, while Pseudorhombus arsius spawns in a single batch. The spawning period of Psettodes erumei was from May to September, with the peak from May to August. Pseudorhombus arsius spawns during April to July, with the peak in April and May. Studies on the gonadosomatic indices confirm the above information. The size at first maturity of Psettodes erumei was 371–390 mm total length, and that of Pseudorhombus arsius was between 161 and 170 mm total length. Females always outnumbered males in both the species. Fecundity studies in both species showed direct correlations with total length and body weight.  相似文献   

Delayed type III hypersensitivity reaction with acute kidney injury in two dogs following administration of concentrated human albumin during treatment for hypoalbuminemia secondary to septic peritonitis     

Elisa M. Mazzaferro  Anusha Balakrishnan  Susan G. Hackner  Marnin Forman  JD Foster  Janine Calabro  Rachel E. Cianciolo 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(5):574-580

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Soil protists: An untapped microbial resource of agriculture and environmental importance     

Komal A. CHANDARANA  Natarajan AMARESAN 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):184-197

Protists are essential components of soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. They play a vital role in the microbial food web as consumers of bacteria, fungi, and other small eukaryotes and are also involved in maintaining soil fertility and plant productivity. Protists also contribute to regulating and shaping the bacterial community in terrestrial ecosystems via specific prey spectra. They play a role in plant growth promotion and plant health improvement,mostly via nutrient cycling, grazing, and the activation of bacterial genes required for plant growth and phytopathogen suppression. Thus, protists may prove to be a useful inoculant as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent. They can also be applied as model organisms as bioindicators of soil health. Despite their usefulness and essentiality, they are often forgotten and under-researched components of the soil microbiome, as most of our research focuses on bacteria and fungi. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of protists in plant productivity and plant health management and in shifts in soil bacterial community composition, as well as their roles as bioindicator. We also discuss the perspectives of knowledge gaps and future prospects to further improve soil biology.More research in soil protistology will provide insights into sustainable agriculture and environmental health alongside the study of bacteria and fungi.  相似文献   

Effects of stocking density and presence or absence of soil base on growth,weight variation,survival and body composition of pearlspot,Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) fingerlings     

Gouranga Biswas  Tapas K Ghoshal  Maruthamuthu Natarajan  Arunachalam R Thirunavukkarasu  Jitendra K Sundaray  Muniyandi Kailasam  Debasis De  Krishna Sukumaran  Prem Kumar  Alphis G Ponniah 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(8):1266-1276

With the objective to develop an indoor tank seed rearing system for pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis), effects of three stocking densities in presence or absence of soil base were evaluated on growth, weight variation, survival and body composition in a 60‐day trial. The experiment had a 3 × 2 factorial design with three levels of stocking density (150, 300 and 450 fish m^?3) and two levels of soil base (with and without) in triplicates. Pearlspot fry (27.5 ± 0.5 mm/0.39 ± 0.02 g) were stocked in experimental tanks (Length×Breadth×Height: 0.65 × 0.50 × 0.48 m) and fed with a formulated diet containing 29.85% crude protein. Increasing the stocking density from 150 to 450 fish m^?3 significantly decreased the growth (average body weight and total length), daily weight gain, specific growth rate and survival (P < 0.001) and increased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Significantly lower growth and survival were observed in treatment having soil base compared with that of without soil base (P < 0.001). However, coefficients of variation at harvest weight and body composition of fingerlings were independent to stocking density and presence or absence of soil base (P > 0.05). A significant positive interaction effect of stocking density and presence or absence of soil base was observed on average body weight (P < 0.05) and survival (P < 0.001) of pearlspot fingerlings. This study suggests that stocking density of 150 fish m^?3 without soil base in tanks would be appropriate for raising pearlspot fingerlings in brackishwater indoor seed rearing system.  相似文献   

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus intraradices on active and passive pools of carbon in long-term soil fertility gradients of maize based cropping system     

Kizhareal S. Subramanian  Periyapatna Nagaraj Vivek  Natarajan Balakrishnan  Nandhi Belliraj Nandakumar  S K Rajkishore 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(4):549-565

A potculture study was conducted in soils collected from long-term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) being kept up as far the past 40 years to determine whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus intraradices colonization changes the active and passive pools of carbon in a maize (Zea mays) – finger millet (Eleusine crocana)- cowpea (Vigna sinensis) cropping sequence in the Experimental Farm of the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Soil samples were processed, sterilized and maize plants were grown in various fertility gradients in the absence (M-) or presence (M+) of AMF (Rhizoglomus intraradices) inoculation. The data have clearly shown that M+ soils had consistently higher active pools such as water soluble carbon, hot water soluble carbon and biomass carbon (M- 189; M + 305 mg kg^?1), and passive pools such as soil organic carbon (M- 4.17; M + 4.31 mg g^?1) and total glomalin. Among the fertility gradients, 100% NPK + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) with or without mycorrhizal fungal inoculation registered higher values for both active and passive pools of C but the response was more pronounced in the presence AMF inoculation. Overall, the data suggest that mycorrhizal fungal inoculation assists in effective carbon sequestration in an intensive cereal-legume cropping system.Abbreviations: AMF: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; DAS: Days After Sowing; LTFE: Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment; WSC: Water soluble organic carbon; HA: Humic acid; FA: Fulvic acid; HWSC: Hot water soluble carbon  相似文献   

In vitro ectomycorrhizal formation of Pinus patula, P. pseudostrobus, P. oocarpa and P. elliotii grown in southern India     

M. Sudhakara Reddy  K. Natarajan 《New Forests》1996,11(2):149-153

In vitro syntheses of ectomycorrhizas of Pinus patula, P. pseudostrobus, P. oocarpa and P. elliotii with Amanita muscaria, Laccaria fraterna, L. laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon luteolus, Scleroderma citrinum and Thelephora terrestris were attempted. Most of the fungi initiated mycorrhizal formation within 2 weeks after inoculation. Laccaria fraterna and S. citrinum formed mycorrhizas after 6 weeks of inoculation. Amanita muscaria failed to form mycorrhizas during the 12 week period of observation. The degree of colonization of different mycorrhizal fungi varied with different species of Pinus.  相似文献   

Mangrove expansion and population structure at a planted site,East London,South Africa     

Sabine CL Hoppe-Speer  Anusha Rajkaran 《Southern Forests》2015,77(2):131-139

Avicennia marina (Forrsk.) Vierh. was planted in 1969 at Nahoon Estuary, East London, followed a few years later by the planting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. and Rhizophora mucronata (L.) among the larger A. marina trees. This study tested the hypothesis that mangroves have expanded and replaced salt marsh over a 33-year period (1978–2011). It provides important information on mangroves growing at higher latitudes, where they were thought to not occur naturally due to lower annual average temperatures. It further provides insights on future scenarios of possible shifts in vegetation types due to climate change at one of the most southerly distribution sites worldwide. The expansion of mangroves was measured using past aerial photographs and Esri ArcGIS Desktop 10 software. In addition, field surveys were completed in 2011 to determine the population structure of the present mangrove forest and relate this to environmental conditions. The study showed that mangrove area cover increased linearly at a rate of 0.06 ha y^?1, while the salt marsh area cover also increased (0.09 ha y^?1) but was found to be variable over time. The mangrove area is still relatively small (<2 ha) and expanded mostly over a bare sandflat area. Avicennia marina was the dominant species and had high recruitment (seedling density was 33 822 ± 16 364 ha^?1). Only a few Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora mucronata individuals were found (<10 adult trees), although observations indicate that some young plants are becoming established away from the parent plants. The site provides opportunities for studies on mangrove/salt marsh interactions in response to a changing climate. Mangroves should not be planted in non-native areas as they may become invasive outside their natural range. However, future increases in temperature will certainly lead to a southerly expansion of mangoves in South African estuaries.  相似文献   

Clinical use of cryopoor plasma continuous rate infusion in critically ill,hypoalbuminemic dogs     

Christine A. Culler  Anusha Balakrishnan  Page E. Yaxley  Julien Guillaumin 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2019,29(3):314-320

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Prevalence of nematode parasite,Contracaecum, in Nile tilapia,African catfish and Barbus species in Lake Hawassa,Ethiopia     

Zinabu Tesfaye  Beshatu Ferede  Natarajan Pavanasam  Kassaye Balkew Workagegn 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):3993-3998

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018 at Lake Hawassa to determine the prevalence of larval Contracaecum infestation in Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus), African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Barbus species (Barbus intermedius). Fifty‐two point six per cent (52.6%) previous prevalence and 5% precision were used to estimate the sample size. Accordingly, a total of 383 randomly sampled fish species comprising of 163 (42.6%) C. gariepinus, 159 (41.5%) O. niloticus and 61(15.9%) B. intermedius were examined. The length and weight of each sampled fish were recorded. All the sampled fish were examined for the evidence of Contracaecum parasites in Hawassa University Veterinary Parasitology and Pathology Laboratory. Chi‐square values and comparison of proportions were used to analyse the data. The overall prevalence of Contracaecum parasites of fish population was 31.6%. The distribution of parasite was significantly affected by fish species (p = .000), sexes (p = .018), length (p = .003) and weight classes of fish (p = .026). As a hygienic problem and gutting activity conducted at the sides of the Lake Hawassa and distribution of discarded fish wastes for surrounding piscivorous birds by butchers and other people, the life cycle of Contracaecum parasite was perpetuated. Thus, the parasite is of zoonotic significance. Therefore, awareness creation activities for societies and control of fish parasites should be conducted in the study area.  相似文献   

Limited contribution of water availability in genotype-by-environment interaction in sugarcane yield and yield components     

Sijesh Natarajan  Jaya Basnayake  Prakash Lakshmanan  Shu Fukai 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):665-678

Water deficit is an important abiotic stress factor limiting sugarcane production. Understanding the effect of water deficit on cane yield, yield components and genotype × environment (G × E) interaction can aid in selecting genotypes that are adapted to water deficit conditions. In this study, response of cane yield and yield components of 10 sugarcane genotypes grown under 3 irrigation treatments—fully irrigated, semi-irrigated and rainfed—was examined across 3 locations and 3 crop-years within each location. Cane yield reduced by 32% and 9% in the rainfed and semi-irrigated treatments, respectively, compared to the fully irrigated treatment. Genotypic variation was highly significant for cane yield and yield components in all three irrigation regimes. Cane yield in the rainfed treatment showed significant genetic correlation with stalk diameter (r_g = 0.68), leaf number (r_g = 0.64), node number (r_g = 0.67) and stalk number (r_g = 0.68). Genotype × irrigation variance was negligible compared to genotype, genotype × location and genotype × crop-year variances. Commercial genotypes had higher yield in most environments except in low-yield potential environments, which caused a significant genotype × location × irrigation effect, suggesting opportunities for improving sugarcane productivity in these environments.  相似文献