Morpho-physiological Responses of Tomato Genotypes Under Saline Conditions     

Ur Rahman  Shahid  Basit  Abdul  Ara  Neelam  Ullah  Izhar  Rehman  Attiq ur 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2021,73(4):541-553

Gesunde Pflanzen - Salinity is a complex abiotic stress that affects physiology and biochemistry of plants and significantly reduces both crop yield and quality. Considering the global...  相似文献   

Dynamics and modeling of soil water under subsurface drip irrigated onion   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Neelam Patel 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(12):1335-1349

Subsurface drip irrigation provides water to the plants around the root zone while maintaining a dry soil surface. A problem associated with the subsurface drip irrigation is the formation of cavity at the soil surface above the water emission points. This can be resolved through matching dripper flow rates to the soil hydraulic properties. Such a matching can be obtained either by the field experiments supplemented by modeling. Simulation model (Hydrus-2D) was used and tested in onion crop (Allium cepa L.) irrigated through subsurface drip system during 2002-2003, 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Onion was transplanted at a plant to plant and row to row spacing of 10 cm × 15 cm with 3 irrigation levels and 6 depths of placement of drip lateral. The specific objective of this study was to assess the effect of depth of placement of drip laterals on crop yield and application of Hydrus-2D model for the simulation of soil water. In sandy loam soils, it was observed that operating pressures of up to 1.0 kg cm⁻² did not lead to the formation of cavity above the subsurface dripper having drippers of 2.0 l h⁻¹ discharge at depths up to 30 cm. Wetted soil area of 60 cm wide and up to a depth of 30 cm had more than 18% soil water content, which was conducive for good growth of crop resulting in higher onion yields when drip laterals were placed either on soil surface or placed up to depths of 15 cm. In deeper placement of drip lateral (20 and 30 cm below surface), adequate soil water was found at 30, 45 and 60 cm soil depth. Maximum drainage occurred when drip lateral was placed at 30 cm depth. Maximum onion yield was recorded at 10 cm depth of drip lateral (25.7 t ha⁻¹). The application of Hydrus-2D confirmed the movement of soil water at 20 and 30 cm depth of placement of drip laterals. The model performance in simulating soil water was evaluated by comparing the measured and predicted values using three parameters namely, AE, RMSE and model efficiency. Distribution of soil water under field experiment and by model simulation at different growth stages agreed closely and the differences were statistically insignificant. The use of Hydrus-2D enabled corroborating the conclusions derived from the field experimentation made on soil water distribution at different depths of placement of drip laterals. This model helped in designing the subsurface drip system for efficient use of water with minimum drainage.  相似文献   

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） Diversity in Prosopis cineraria （L.） Druce Under Arid Agroecosystems     

Neelam Verma  ;Jagadish Chandra Tarafdar  ;Krishna Kant Srivastava  ;Jitendra Panwar 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6):754-761

Arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi associated with Prosopis cineraria （Khejri） were assessed for their qualitative and quantitative distribution from eight districts of Rajasthan. A total of three species of Acaulospora, one species of Entrophospora, two species of Gigaspora, twenty-one species of Glomus, seven species of Sclerocystis and three species of Scutellospora were recorded. A high diversity of AM fungi was observed and it varied at different study sites. Among these six genera, Glomus occurred most frequently. Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus aggregatum, and Glomus mosseae were found to be the most predominant AM fungi in infecting Prosopis cineraria. Acaulospora, G. fasciculatum, Sclerocystis was found in all the fields studied, while Scutellospora species were found only in few sites. A maximum of thirty-six AM fungal species were isolated and identified from Jodhpur, whereas only thirteen species were found from Jaisalmer. Spores of Glomusfasciculatum were found to be most abundant under Prosopis cineraria.  相似文献   

High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli,Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fish samples in India     

Vijay Veer Saharan  Preeti Verma  Arvind Pratap Singh 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):1200-1210

Antibiotic resistance, driven by inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents for fish farming, is an expanding global health threat. Demand of animal protein for human consumption is entraining at remarkable pace which in turn, upturning the non‐judicial use of life‐saving drugs in these modern animal production practices at an incautious rate. Hence, study was devised to observe the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of human prominence bacteria, against drugs of critically and highly importance of both human and veterinary medicine, circulating over the fish farming in India. One hundred sixty fish faecal samples were obtained from distinct geographical locales of Rajasthan, India. Overall, 202 isolates comprising of Escherichia coli (81, 51%), Salmonella spp. (72, 45%) and Staphylococcus aureus (49, 31%) were isolated to screen for resistance. Antimicrobial resistance has been analysed using broth microdilution method. In case of E. coli and Salmonella spp., highest resistance (>95%) was observed against streptomycin while for S. aureus, it was observed against trimethoprim, along with high resistance to other antibiotics. Majority of the isolates were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotics implying multi‐drug resistance (>89%) relative to the critical and highly important antibiotics. The high AMR is a reflection of misuse of these agents in the fish farming, which is a concern of serious health issues. Our findings persuade the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in fish farming and other aquaculture settings that may assist in drafting of the new policies for the judicial use of these life‐saving drugs in these sectors.  相似文献   

Recent advances in genomics-assisted breeding of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) resistance in rice (Oryza sativa)     

Kishor Kumar  Pavneet Kaur  Amit Kishore  Yogesh Vikal  Kuldeep Singh  Kumari Neelam 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(6):1052-1066

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Antifungal and defense elicitor activities of pyrazines identified in endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 against fungal blast incited by Magnaporthe oryzae in rice     

Patel  Asharani  Kumar  Aundy  Sheoran  Neelam  Kumar  Mukesh  Sahu  Kuleshwar Prasad  Ganeshan  Prakash  Ashajyothi  Mushineni  Gopalakrishnan  Subbaiyan  Gogoi  Robin 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(1):261-272

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Black pepper-associated endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 displayed volatile-mediated antagonism against rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae 1637. The...  相似文献   

Influence of weather factors on the incidence of Alternaria blight of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) on varieties with different susceptibilities     

M. S. Saharan  G. S. Saharan 《Crop Protection》2004,23(12):1223-1227

Progression of Alternaria blight intensity was observed fortnightly during 1997 and 1998 on six varieties of cluster bean ranging in their susceptibilities to the disease. The disease progressed faster on the most susceptible variety (FS-277) during both the years. There was a significantly positive correlation between the disease severity and certain weather parameters (cumulative rainy days and cumulative rainfall) whilst maximum temperature was significantly negatively associated (pooled basis). The step-wise multiple regression analysis of data revealed that minimum temperature, relative humidity in the evening, sunshine and cumulative rainfall played a major role in disease development.  相似文献   

Protein quality traits of vegetable and field peas: Varietal differences     

K. Saharan  N. Khetarpaul 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,45(1):11-22

Four high yielding varieties of field (Rachna and RFP₄) and vegetable peas (Bonnivielle and Arkal) were studied for their protein quality. Crude protein and true protein content of all four pea varieties varied from 19.5 to 20.6 percent and 18.7 to 19.8 percent, respectively. Non protein nitrogen formed only 3.94 to 4.84 percent of total nitrogen. Globulins were the major fractions followed by albumins and glutelins. All the four varieties of peas had similar methionine and tryptophan content. Lysine content of four pea varieties ranged from 7.56 to 9.65 g per 16 g of N. Cooking brought about an increase in in vitro protein digestibility of peas by 10 percent. The sodium dodecyl polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis of total protein revealed the presence of 22–25 bands with some difference in banding pattern of all four varieties. Some differences were observed in banding patterns of globulin and albumin of all four varieties, suggesting that composition of protein of pea varieties differed.  相似文献   

Donors for Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) from Wild Rice Species     

S. Sarao Preetinder  K. Sahi Gurpreet  Neelam Kumari  S. Mangat Gurjit  C. Patra Bhaskar  Singh Kuldeep 《水稻科学》2016,23(4):219

Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara (AA), one accession of O. officinalis (CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis (EE), five accessions of O. punctata (BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia (CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance.  相似文献   

Mapping of easy to screen SSR markers for selection of RFLP markers-bracketed downy mildew resistance QTLs in pearl millet     

Jyoti Taunk  Deepmala Sehgal  Neelam R. Yadav  Catherine Howarth  Ram C. Yadav  Rattan S. Yadav 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(2):401-411

There is a growing necessity to replace chemical agents with ecofriendly materials, arising from the impact on the environment and/or human health, which calls for the design of new broad-spectrum fungicides. In this work, chitosan oligomers (COs), propolis (Ps) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mixtures in solution were assessed to control the growth of different phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in vitro. Binary solutions of COs-Ps and COs-AgNPs evinced the highest antifungal effect against Fusarium circinatum and Diplodia pinea fungi, respectively, with a ca. 80% reduction in their mycelial growth. The COs solution by itself also proved to be greatly effective against Gremmeniella abietina, Cryphonectria parasitica and Heterobasidion annosum fungi, causing a reduction of 78%, 86% and 93% in their growth rate, respectively. Likewise, COs also attained a 100% growth inhibition on the oomycete Phytophthora cambivora. On the other hand, Ps inhibited totally the growth of Phytophthora ×alni and Phytophthora plurivora. The application of AgNPs reduced the mycelial growth of F. circinatum and D. pinea. However, the AgNPs in some binary and ternary mixtures had a counter-productive effect on the anti-fungal/oomycete activity. In spite of the fact that the anti-fungal/oomycete activity of the different treatments showed a dependence on the particular type of microorganism, these solutions based on natural compounds can be deemed as a promising tool for control of tree diseases.  相似文献