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51.
Phytochemical profile of main antioxidants in different fractions of purple and blue wheat, and black barley 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Siebenhandl S Grausgruber H Pellegrini N Del Rio D Fogliano V Pernice R Berghofer E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8541-8547
Two pigmented wheat genotypes (blue and purple) and two black barley genotypes were fractionated in bran and flour fractions, examined, and compared for their free radical scavenging properties against 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic acid composition, carotenoid composition, and total anthocyanin content. The results showed that fractionation has a significant influence on the antioxidant properties, TPC, anthocyanin and carotenoid contents, and phenolic acid composition. Bran fractions had the greatest antioxidant activities (1.9-2.3 mmol TEAC/100 g) in all four grain genotypes and were 3-5-fold higher than the respective flour fractions (0.4-0.7 mmol TEAC/100 g). Ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in wheat genotypes (bran fractions) while p-coumaric acid was the predominant phenolic acid in the bran fractions of barley genotypes. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis detected the presence of lutein and zeaxanthin in all fractions with different distribution patterns within the genotypes. The highest contents of anthocyanins were found in the middlings of black barley genotypes or in the shorts of blue and purple wheat. These data suggest the possibility to improve the antioxidant release from cereal-based food through selection of postharvest treatments. 相似文献
52.
The effects of heat treatment and dextrin addition on the secondary structure of gliadins were investigated by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR). Gliadins and gliadin/dextrin mixtures (before and after thermal treatment) were prepared as a dried protein film on the ATR-FT/IR zinc selenide cell plate and equilibrated at a water activity (a(w)) of 0.06. The results show that gliadins undergo conformational changes upon thermal treatment both in the absence and in the presence of dextrin. In particular, in the thermally treated gliadins, the decrease of the band at around 1651 cm(-)(1) and the increase of the bands at around 1628 and 1690 cm(-)(1) suggest a loss of alpha-helix structure and a higher content of protein aggregates. The same trend was observed in the presence of dextrin. Concerning the interactions between gliadins and dextrin, gliadin/dextrin mixtures show variations in the amide I region compared to native gliadins (e.g., an increase of the band at 1645 cm(-)(1) and the absence of the band at around 1668 cm(-)(1)) that might be due to hydrogen bond formation between gliadins and dextrin. It was also found that the spectrum of gliadin/dextrin mixtures was less affected by the hydration state than that of native gliadins, as observed from the differential spectra obtained by subtraction of the spectrum obtained at a(w) = 0.06 (driest condition tested) from the spectrum of the sample equilibrated at a(w) = 0.84. This could be due to the fact that C=O and N-H groups of gliadins are engaged to form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of dextrin, and so they are not perturbed by the presence of water molecules. Finally, water activity effects on the secondary structure of gliadins are also discussed. 相似文献
53.
Pellati F Epifano F Contaldo N Orlandini G Cavicchi L Genovese S Bertelli D Benvenuti S Curini M Bertaccini A Bellardi MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10425-10434
This study was focused on the effects of virus and phytoplasma infections on the production of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench secondary metabolites, such as caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides, and essential oil. The identification of caffeic acid derivatives and alkamides was carried out by means of high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), HPLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and MS(2). Quantitative analysis of these compounds was carried out using HPLC-DAD. The results indicated that the presence of the two pathogens significantly decreases (P < 0.05) the content of cichoric acid, the main caffeic acid derivative. Regarding the main alkamide, dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the content of this secondary metabolite was observed in virus-infected plants in comparison with healthy plants, while in the phytoplasma-infected sample the variation of this secondary metabolite was not appreciable. The % relative area of the E/Z isomers of this alkamide was also found to change in infected samples. The gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS analysis of E. purpurea essential oil enabled the identification of 30 compounds. The main significant differences (P < 0.05) in the semiquantitative composition were observed for three components: limonene, cis-verbenol, and verbenone. The results indicate that the presence of virus and phytoplasma has an appreciable influence on the content of E. purpurea secondary metabolites, which is an important issue in defining the commercial quality, market value, and therapeutic efficacy of this herbal drug. 相似文献
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Fortunati Elena Rescignano Nicoletta Botticella Ermelinda La Fiandra Domenico Renzi Marsilio Mazzaglia Angelo Torre Luigi Kenny Josè Maria Balestra Giorgio Mariano 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2016,123(6):301-310
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Nanotechnology can change the scenario of current tools minimizing the chemical inputs in plant protection. Here, novel poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide acid)... 相似文献
56.
The observed oogenesis impairment in greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) reared in captivity is not related to an insufficient liver transcription or oocyte uptake of vitellogenin 
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Stefania Loreti Amandine Cunty Nicoletta Pucci Aude Chabirand Emilio Stefani Adela Abelleira Giorgio M. Balestra Deirdre A. Cornish Francesca Gaffuri Davide Giovanardi Richard A. Gottsberger Maria Holeva Aynur Karahan Charikleia D. Karafla Angelo Mazzaglia Robert Taylor Leonor Cruz Maria M. Lopez Joel L. Vanneste Françoise Poliakoff 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(3):657-676
The aim of this study was to characterise the performance of new molecular methods for the detection and identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) and to provide validation data in comparison to the assays mentioned in official diagnostic protocols and being currently used. Eleven molecular tests for the Psa detection were compared in an inter-laboratory comparison where each laboratory had to analyse the same panel of samples consisting of thirteen Psa-spiked kiwifruit wood extracts. Laboratories had to perform also isolation from the wood extracts. Data from this interlaboratory test performance study (TPS) was statistically analysed to assess the performance of each method. In order to provide complete validation data, both for detection and identification, this TPS was supplemented by a further study of identification from pure culture of phylogenetically closely related Pseudomonas spp., Psa, and bacterial strains associated with kiwifruit. The results of both these studies showed that simplex-PCRs gave good results, whereas duplex-PCR and real-time PCR were the most reliable tools for detection and identification of Psa. Nested and multiplex-PCR gave false-positive results. The use of the most reliable detection test is suggested for routine analyses, but when Psa-free status needs to be accurately assessed, it is recommended that at least two detection tests are used. This work provides a wide comparison of the available diagnostic methods, giving new information for a possible revision of the official diagnostic protocols (e.g. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) protocol PM7/120 for the detection of Psa). 相似文献
58.
Dell'Agli M Galli GV Parapini S Basilico N Taramelli D Said A Rashed K Bosisio E 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(2):112-116
The anti-plasmodial activity of Ailanthus excelsa stem bark was investigated. The methanolic extract inhibited in vitro growth of chloroquine-sensitive (D10) and resistant strains (W2) of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 4.6 and 2.8 microg/ml, respectively). The effect was retained in the chloroform fraction (3.1 and 2.1 microg/ml, respectively). The anti-plasmodial activity could be ascribed to the impairment of haemoglobin degradation through the inhibition of plasmepsin II activity (IC50 of 13.43+/-1.74 microg/ml) and of the haem detoxification to haemozoin. 相似文献
59.
Ventura M Antonacci F Cardone MF Stanyon R D'Addabbo P Cellamare A Sprague LJ Eichler EE Archidiacono N Rocchi M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5822):243-246
A systematic fluorescence in situ hybridization comparison of macaque and human synteny organization disclosed five additional macaque evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) for a total of nine ENCs. To understand the dynamics of ENC formation and progression, we compared the ENC of macaque chromosome 4 with the human orthologous region, at 6q24.3, that conserves the ancestral genomic organization. A 250-kilobase segment was extensively duplicated around the macaque centromere. These duplications were strictly intrachromosomal. Our results suggest that novel centromeres may trigger only local duplication activity and that the absence of genes in the seeding region may have been important in ENC maintenance and progression. 相似文献
60.
The surface properties of glutens isolated from a durum wheat cultivar (Capeiti) and two bread wheats (Riband and Hereward) were investigated using intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence. Intrinsic fluorescence decreased on increasing protein concentration and increased after urea addition. The extrinsic fluorescence was evaluated by a titration with 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalene sulphonate (ANS), an hydrophobic probe. The saturating concentration for ANS and its dissociation constant (Kd) were determined. The hydrophobicity of durum and bread wheat gluten showed a different behavior increasing the protein concentration: Capeiti was not influenced, but there was a change on the gluten surface for Riband and Hereward. The significance in understanding gluten structure and the relevance of the surface properties are discussed. 相似文献