Quantitative real‐time PCR monitoring of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain Lq80 to weaning piglets     

Shunsuke TAKAHASHI  Yoko YOSHIDA  Nobuo NAKANISHI  Takamitsu TSUKAHARA  Kazunari USHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(6):737-744

Levels of fecal or intestinal lactobacilli, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and the prevalence of clostridial alpha toxin gene and heat‐stable toxin (ST) gene of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were monitored in weaned piglets before (day 0) and during (days 7, 14, and 21) the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain Lq80. Lactobacilli were enumerated in a culture‐dependent method. The remainders were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. In this quantitative real‐time PCR method, the detection limit was proved to be as low as 10³ cells/g feces or intestinal contents. Number of lactobacilli increased from day 0 to day 7 (P < 0.05), to day 14 (P < 0.05), and to day 21 (P = 0.07) in the Lq80‐administered group. L. plantarum contributed to as low as 10% of the lactobacillal population in the Lq80‐administered group. The number of E. coli and C. perfringens, and the prevalence of alpha toxin gene in feces or intestinal contents of the Lq80‐administered group decreased, at least in the first week of the postweaning period. Oral administration of L. plantarum strain Lq80 can stimulate the growth of indigenous lactobacilli and decrease ST‐producing ETEC and C. perfringens in the intestine of postweaning piglets.  相似文献   

Monitoring forest dynamics using satellite imagery—a case study in the natural reserve of Changbai Mountain in China     

Qi-Jing Liu  Xuan-Ran Li  Ze-Qing Ma  Nobuo Takeuchi 《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,210(1-3):25-37

This study intended (1) to develop a quantitative method to describe vegetation succession or change by remote sensing approach, and (2) to test the capability in clarifying the stability or instability of natural forests in landscape scales. With special attention on the coniferous forest, the attempt was conducted on the natural reserve of Changbai mountain in northeast China by using multi-temporal TM images. Two simple parameters were derived to represent succession rate or change extent. One was the mean change of radiance, and another was the number of pixels with changed reflection property. As conclusion, TM imagery is effective for detecting vegetation changes. The results also demonstrated that the so called climax is not a pure stand, which is generally assumed to be exclusively dominated by climax species, but rather a complex of shifting mosaic. The pioneer patches are permanent units in the forest community. This method is considered applicable for assessing the developing status or behavior of plant communities in large scales, like a life zone, under disturbance of global warming, especially for long-time span.  相似文献   

Changes in the physical and chemical properties of six Japanese softwoods caused by lengthy smoke-heating treatment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Futoshi Ishiguri  Noritaka Masubuchi  Shinso Yokota  Nobuo Yoshizawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):161-166

The effects of prolonged smoke-heating treatments on wood quality were investigated. Six Japanese softwoods were smoke-heated for 100 and 200h at a temperature of 75° ± 5°C, which was recorded inside the log. After smoke heating, wood quality, including moisture content, amounts of chemical components, relative degree of crystallinity (RDC) of cellulose, and sapwood color were examined. Moisture content decreased as a result of smoke heating, especially in sapwood, leading to a uniform distribution of moisture content within a log. Almost no difference was found in the amounts of chemical components between the control woods and the woods that were smoke-heated for 100h. However, in the wood that was smoke-heated for 200h, the amounts of holocellulose decreased, suggesting that thermal deterioration and/or degradation of hemicelluloses had occurred. We assume that the increase in RDC was caused by smoke heating with the crystallization of cellulose and/or thermal degradation of hemicelluloses. Almost no differences were found in sapwood color between the control woods and the woods that were smoke-heated for 100h. In the wood that was smoke-heated for 200h, however, L*decreased, whereas a* and b* increased. As a result, E*ab, showing the total color change, increased, resulting in a deeper color. These results suggest that thermal degradation of hemicelluloses was caused by smoke heating for over 100h. Therefore, smoke heating of softwood logs using a commercial-scale kiln should not exceed 100h.  相似文献   

Presence of surfactant proteins in the uteri and placentae of pregnant mares     

Masanari ARAKI  Tadatoshi OHTAKI  Junpei KIMURA  Seiji HOBO  Kazuyoshi TAYA  Nobuo TSUNODA  Hiroyuki TANIYAMA  Shigehisa TSUMAGARI  Yasuo NAMBO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1167

Immunohistochemical investigations of the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the uterine and placental tissues of 13 pregnant mares were performed using anti-horse monoclonal primary antibodies. Strong positive reactions for both SP-A and SP-D were observed in the trophoblasts in the microcotyledons of the placentae at 182 to 314 days of gestation; in uterine glandular epithelial cells, faint-to-weak reactions were observed during gestation. This study describes, for the first time, the changes in the SP-A and SP-D expression levels in the endometrium of mares during gestation; the SP-A and SP-D expression levels increased after the second trimester of gestation.  相似文献   

Spontaneous lymphoma in a prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)     

Miwa Y  Matsunaga S  Nakayama H  Kurosawa A  Ogawa H  Sasaki N 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2006,42(2):151-153

A 4-year-old, female, black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) was examined for acute dyspnea and two skin masses. Tentative diagnosis of lymphoma was made based on cytology of pleural effusion and the skin masses. Administration of prednisolone was initially effective in improving the condition; however, the clinical signs deteriorated after radiation therapy and administration of cyclophosphamide. Postmortem examination revealed that neoplastic lymphocytes had infiltrated most of the organs, and the histopathological diagnosis was multi-centric lymphoma.  相似文献   

Relationship between retinoic acid receptor alpha gene expression and growth-inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid on canine tumor cells     

Miyajima N  Watanabe M  Ohashi E  Mochizuki M  Nishimura R  Ogawa H  Sugano S  Sasaki N 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):348-354

Retinoids show antitumor effects on human acute promyelocytic leukemia and other tumors via retinoid receptors. In dogs, the role of retinoid receptors in inhibiting tumor development remains unclear. To evaluate the correlation between the degree of expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) mRNA and the antiproliferative effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatments, expression analysis of RARalpha mRNA and cell growth inhibition assay were performed on 17 established canine tumor cell lines, including 6 mammary gland tumor (MGT) cell lines, 3 osteosarcoma cell lines, 5 melanoma cell lines, and 3 mast cell tumor (MCT) cell lines. Among the cell lines investigated, all 3 MCT cell lines showed high expression of RARalpha, and the most effective cell growth inhibition was observed in ATRA-treated MCT cell lines. However, remarkable antiproliferative effects of ATRA treatments were not observed on other tumor cell lines with moderate or low RARalpha mRNA expression. As a result of the relationship between RARalpha mRNA expression and ATRA treatment with regression analysis, statistically significant correlation was suggested. Furthermore, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of RARalpha was performed on MCT tissue samples of dogs with spontaneous disease, and 5 of 9 tissues showed high expression. These results suggest that ATRA may be an effective antitumor agent for MCT in dogs, and that prior measurement of expression of RARalpha mRNA may be a good indicator of the effectiveness of ATRA treatment.  相似文献   

Incidence of canine glaucoma with goniodysplasia in Japan : a retrospective study     

Kato K  Sasaki N  Matsunaga S  Nishimura R  Ogawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):853-858

The incidence of primary and secondary glaucoma in dogs was investigated. A total of 1244 dogs received ophthalmologic examinations, including tonometry and gonioscopy. Goniophotographs were taken using a goniolens to evaluate the iridocorneal angle (ICA) as well as pectinate ligament (PL). The anterior width of the ciliary cleft and the total distance from the origin of the PL to the anterior corneal surface were measured from the goniophotographs. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on the cupping of the optic nerve head, clinical signs, ocular changes, and high IOP, and it was synchronized with gonioscopic grades to differentiate between primary and secondary glaucoma. We investigated 1244 dogs of 29 breeds, including the mixed breed; among these, glaucoma was diagnosed in 127 dogs (162 eyes). Of 162 eyes, primary glaucoma was diagnosed in 129 eyes and secondary glaucoma in 33 eyes. Shiba Inu dogs (42 dogs, 33%) showed the highest incidence of glaucoma, followed by Shih-Tzu (21 dogs, 16.5%). Furthermore, all the glaucomatous Shiba Inu dogs had primary glaucoma with abnormal ICA grades and dysplastic PLs. The findings of our study reveal that the Shiba Inu breed in Japan may have a hereditary predisposition to glaucoma.  相似文献   

In vitro evaluation of the relationship between the semitendinosus muscle and cranial cruciate ligament in canine cadavers     

Kanno N  Amimoto H  Hara Y  Harada Y  Nezu Y  Yogo T  Tagawa M 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(5):672-680

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Choroidal melanoma in a dog     

Miwa Y  Matsunaga S  Kato K  Ogawa H  Nakayama H  Tsujimoto S  Sasaki N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(8):821-823

A 7-year-old intact female golden Retriever was referred for evaluation of an intraorbital mass of the left eye. Based on ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tentative diagnosis was made as an intraocular neoplasia, especially choroidal melanoma. The orbital exenteration of the affected eye was performed. The mass was histologically diagnosed as malignant choroidal melanoma. No signs of recurrence and metastasis were detected by thoracic radiographs, blood examinations and MR images, and the dog was clinically healthy for 23 months after operation.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning of the canine telomerase reverse transcriptase gene and its expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells     

Yazawa M  Okuda M  Kanaya N  Hong SH  Takahashi T  Ohashi E  Nakagawa T  Nishimura R  Sasaki N  Masuda K  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(11):1395-1400

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