Effects of water temperature on early development of Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Akihiro Okamura  Yoshiaki Yamada  Noriyuki Horie  Tomoko Utoh  Naomi Mikawa  Satoru Tanaka  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(6):1241-1248

ABSTRACT:   To determine an optimal temperature range for efficient production of healthy eel larvae Anguilla japonica , the effect of water temperature on hatching, survival, and deformity rates was examined. The early ontogeny of morphological features in this species by incubating eggs at five different temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C) was examined. Hatching occurred at 24, 28, 46 and 58 h after fertilization when incubated at 28, 25, 22 and 19°C, respectively; no eggs hatched at 31°C. The growth rate of prefeeding larvae increased as water temperature was elevated and acquisition of feeding ability was also accelerated at higher temperature. Significantly high hatching rates (76–86%, P  < 0.05) and survival rates (61–86%, P  < 0.05) were observed at relatively high temperatures (22–28°C). The deformities were 'open lower jaw', 'pericardial edema', and 'notochordal bending', in which the mouth was deformed with a downward projecting lower jaw, the pericardial cavity was swollen, and the notochord was bent or twisted to various degrees, respectively. Open lower jaw and pericardial edema were especially predominant at 19°C, with rates of 68 and 92%, respectively, compared with 31 and 10% at 25 and 28°C, respectively. The occurrence of notochordal bending was not affected by temperature. The optimal temperature for incubation and rearing A. japonica eggs and prefeeding larvae is approximately 25–28°C.  相似文献   

Carbonization of bamboo and consecutive low temperature air activation     

Noriyuki Yamashita  Motoi Machida 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(4):801-808

Raw moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was examined to optimize the carbonization and the consecutive air activation procedure. Influence of sample size, nitrogen flow rate, heating rate and final temperature on the carbon yield and the pore structure was investigated for the raw bamboo. The short length cutting along bamboo trunk and the increase in heating rate to 40°C/min and nitrogen flow rate up to 500 ml/min was found to be advantageous for the carbonization of raw bamboo at 500°C, resulting in a surface area of 230 m²/g with a bamboo char yield of 25% on dry base. In the next step, effects of air treatment temperature, ash content and its composition on the pore development were studied for the prepared bamboo char in comparison with coconut shell char. Additional increase in surface area by 200 m²/g with 97% yield could be achieved conducting the 2-hour air treatment at 280°C for the bamboo char, whereas only a 100 m²/g rise in surface area was attained for the coconut shell char, partly due to the difference in K₂CO₃ content in the char.  相似文献   

Modeling grain protein formation in relation to nitrogen uptake and remobilization in rice plant     

Yan Zhu  Weiguo Li  Qi Jing  Weixing Cao  Takeshi Horie 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2007,1(1):8-16

Protein concentration of grain is an important quality index of rice, and formation of grain protein largely depends on pre-anthesis nitrogen assimilation and post-anthesis nitrogen remobilization in the rice plant. The primary objective of this study was to develop a simplified process model for simulating nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in plant and protein formation in rice grains on the basis of an established rice growth model. Six field experiments, involving different years, eco-sites, varieties, nitrogen rates, and irrigation regimes, were conducted to obtain the necessary data for model building, genotypic parameter determination, and model validation. Using physiological development time (PDT) as general time scale of development progress and cultivar-specific grain protein concentration as genotypic parameter, the dynamic relationships of plant nitrogen accumulation and translocation to environmental and genetic factors were quantified and synthesized in the present model. The pre-anthesis nitrogen uptake rate by plant changed with the PDT in a negative exponential pattern, and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake rate changed with leaf area index (LAI) in an exponential equation. Post-anthesis nitrogen translocation rate depended on the plant nitrogen concentration and dry weight at anthesis as well as residue nitrogen concentration of plant at maturity. The nitrogen for protein synthesis in grains came from two sources: the nitrogen pre-stored in leaves, stem and sheath before anthesis and then remobilized after anthesis, and the nitrogen absorbed directly by plant after anthesis. Finally, the model was tested by using the data sets of different years, eco-sites, varieties, and N fertilization and irrigation conditions with the root mean square errors (RMSE) 0.22%–0.26%, indicating the general and reliable features of the model. It is hoped that by properly integrating with the existing rice growth models, the present model can be used for predicting grain protein concentration and grain protein yield of rice under various environments and genotypes.  相似文献   

A model explaining genotypic and environmental variation in leaf area development of rice based on biomass growth and leaf N accumulation     

Hiroe Yoshida  Takeshi Horie  Keisuke Katsura  Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa 《Field Crops Research》2007

Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the major determinants of crop photosynthesis. The objectives of this study were to clarify the relationship between LAI development and crop growth in diverse rice genotypes grown under widely different climate conditions and to develop a model explaining genotypic and environmental variation in LAI dynamics based on environmental and plant factors. Cross-locational experiments were conducted with nine different rice genotypes at eight locations in Asia covering a wide climate range under irrigated conditions with sufficient nitrogen application. The LAI observed at the heading stage ranged from 0.85 to 8.77 among the genotypes grown at the eight locations. A fairly stable allometric relationship was observed between LAI development and above-ground biomass growth during the period from transplanting to 2 weeks before heading over all the genotypes, sites and years (r = 0.91). The allometric relationship was, however, under the influence of leaf nitrogen content per unit leaf area (LNC, g m⁻² leaf) and air temperature. On the basis of these results, we modeled the LAI development as a function of relative crop growth rate (RGR), LNC and air temperature. The rate of LAI decrease associated with leaf senescence was also described as a function of LNC.  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of settlement-stage juveniles of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Girella punctata</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Girella leonina</Emphasis> on the rocky coast of the Kanto–Izu region,Japan     

Takeshi Ito  Yudai Iino  Shizuko Nakai  Shiro Itoi  Haruo Sugita  Noriyuki Takai 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(4):627-640

The early life history of girellid fishes in Japanese waters is unclear, and little is known about their species-specific reproductive strategies. We examined seasonal changes of distribution patterns for settlement-stage juveniles of Girella punctata and Girella leonina on the rocky shore in the regions of Kanto and Izu, Japan, to infer the influence of the Kuroshio Current on their reproduction. We collected 813 settlement-stage juveniles mainly in Sagami Bay and genetically identified the species. The juveniles of G. punctata were collected on the rocky shore in Sagami Bay during April to August, with the abundant catch in May and June. Thus, we infer that juvenile G. punctata ubiquitously inhabit the rocky shore in the area in spring and summer. By contrast, juveniles of G. leonina were rarely collected in Sagami Bay, with a total catch of only 66. Notably, no juveniles were collected during the wintertime in Sagami Bay, although an abundant catch of G. leonina had been previously reported for Sagami Nada off Sagami Bay during January to March. This clear-cut difference between the areas likely reflects the difference in proximity to the path of the Kuroshio Current. We expect that the Kuroshio Current strongly influences the reproductive success of G. leonina.  相似文献   

Improved control of black rot of broccoli caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas campestris</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">campestris</Emphasis> using a bacteriophage and a nonpathogenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas</Emphasis> sp. strain     

Hirofumi Nagai  Noriyuki Miyake  Shinro Kato  Daisuke Maekawa  Yasuhiro Inoue  Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(6):373-381

We examined the potential for biological control of black rot of broccoli, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), using nonpathogenic Xanthomonas sp. strain 11-100-01 (npX) mixed with bacteriophage XcpSFC211 (pXS). Inoculation of intact broccoli plants in greenhouse trials with either npX or pXS did not control black rot. After injured plant inoculation, however, npX alone or npX with pXS significantly controlled black rot. When a mixed suspension of npX with pXS was placed on a membrane filter, then washed with distilled water and air-dried, a substantial amount of pXS adsorbed to the surface of npX. In a field trial, broccoli plants were sprayed with a suspension of npX with pXS, then inoculated with Xcc. A meta-analysis of the results from five field trials showed an integrated risk ratio (IRR, the ratio of disease incidence in inoculated broccoli plants to the incidence in control plants) of 0.69 after treatment with only npX and 0.59 with npX with pXS, indicating that black rot incidence was significantly reduced by each treatment. The difference between these two treatments was also significant. IRR was 1.24 when comparing suppression by npX with pXS and that by basic copper sulfate wettable powder; thus, their control was comparable. The combination of npX with pXS improved the preventive effect against black rot. This is the first report describing that a nonpathogenic Xanthomonas sp. strain mixed with a bacteriophage effectively controlled black rot of broccoli in field trials.  相似文献   

Efficacy of phosphonate in controlling white powdery rot of fig caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora palmivora</Emphasis>     

Noriyuki Miyake  Hirofumi Nagai 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(6):390-397

Pre- and post-infection activities of phosphonate and fungicides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyazofamid, copper hydroxide, and copper sulfate) against white powdery rot on fig leaves caused by Phytophthora palmivora were determined. Phosphonate and fungicides were applied at 3, 7, or 14 days before inoculation and 16, 24, or 40 h after inoculation. Phosphonate and four fungicides (except for chlorothalonil) had protectant activity for up to 14 days before inoculation. Protectant activity between phosphonate and the four fungicides did not differ significantly. These fungicides did not have a curative activity, whereas only phosphonate had a curative activity when applied 16 h after inoculation. The pre-infection activity of phosphonate was determined in fig fields. Phosphonate provided excellent protectant activity, and its activity did not differ significantly from that of the copper fungicides. The activity of phosphonate in the life cycle of P. palmivora was compared with that of the five fungicides. Half-maximal effective concentration of the inhibition of mycelial growth was low for phosphonate, chlorothalonil, and the two copper fungicides. Mycelial growth was least affected by azoxystrobin and cyazofamid, but n-propyl gallate, an alternative oxidase inhibitor, in combination with these fungicides, significantly inhibited mycelial growth. Sporangium formation was sensitive to all compounds. Germination of encysted zoospores was sensitive to azoxystrobin, cyazofamid, and chlorothalonil and least sensitive to phosphonate and the two copper fungicides. The activity of phosphonate on mycelial growth and sporulation of P. palmivora suggests it has potential for controlling the disease.  相似文献   

Flexible Alumina-Silica Nanofibrous Membrane and Its High Adaptability in Reactive Red-120 Dye Removal from Water     

Muhammad Zobayer Bin Mukhlish  Yuji Horie  Teruaki Nomiyama 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(9):371

Flexible and self-standing membrane composed of ultrafine alumina-silica nanofibers (NFs) has been successfully fabricated by the electrospinning method, and further used as an adsorbent for the adsorptive decolorization of Reactive Red-120 (RR-120) dye from an aqueous system. Effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on adsorption have been studied. The adsorption of RR-120 on the NFs was found to be highly pH dependent and the optimum pH was found to be 3. The adsorption equilibrium data was explained well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum sorption capacity was found to be 884.95 mg/g, which was several folds higher than the adsorption capacity of a number of recently studied potential adsorbents. After adsorption, the NF mat could be separated from the liquid phase conveniently and reused. The sorption kinetics was found to follow an intraparticle diffusion model. The high adsorption performance, excellent flexibility, easy recovery, and reuse characteristic of the alumina-silica NF membrane all favor its practical application in environmental remediation.  相似文献   

Long-term rearing of Japanese eel larvae using a liquid-type diet: food intake,survival and growth     

Okamura  Akihiro  Yamada  Yoshiaki  Horie  Noriyuki  Mikawa  Naomi  Tsukamoto  Katsumi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(4):687-694

Fisheries Science - The efficiency of a new liquid-type diet for long-term rearing of Japanese eel larvae until metamorphosis was examined, as was the effect of diet viscosity on diet intake and on...  相似文献