Difficulties facing new graduates     

Swarbrick O 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(20):707

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A review of the biology and status of Cape Fold Ecoregion freshwater fishes          下载免费PDF全文

Bruce R. Ellender  Ryan J. Wasserman  Albert Chakona  Paul H. Skelton  Olaf L.F. Weyl 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(4):867-879

Effect of an intensive mechanical removal effort on a population of non‐native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in a South African headwater stream          下载免费PDF全文

Jeremy Shelton  Olaf Weyl  Johannes Van Der Walt  Sean Marr  Dean Impson  Kristine Maciejewski  Donovan Tye  Helen Dallas  Karen Esler 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(5):1051-1055

Conservation implications of establishment success of the Critically Endangered Twee River redfin ‘Pseudobarbus’ erubescens (Skelton, ) in an artificial impoundment in South Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Martine S. Jordaan  Johannes A. van der Walt  Zanné Brink  Sonja Erasmus  Olaf L. F. Weyl 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(4):886-889

竹类对真菌的感受性     

Dong Sheng Wei  Olaf Schmidt  Walter Liese 《世界竹藤通讯》2012,10(4):45

本文对来自几个不同国家竹类茎秆的霉菌和担子菌进行分离和DNA测序鉴定。对蓝变真菌的纯培养的样品的实验室染色试验表明,正如发生在木材细胞组织中的一样,密集的褐变菌丝、厚垣孢子对组织的侵染和木质化细胞壁的渗透压扭作用。利用不同的测试安排的纯培养的白变、褐变和软腐真菌的退化实验表明,相当大的质量损失是由于白化菌和软腐菌引起的。本研究通过透射电镜证实了真菌攻击的微观形态学表现。研究结果改变了真菌破坏竹子的基本看法,需要改进竹资源更好利用和更适当保护的措施。  相似文献   

Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mimosa tenuiflora</Emphasis> (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass hay     

Paulo André Vidal Bandeira  José Morais Pereira Filho  Aderbal Marcos de Azevêdo Silva  Marcílio Fontes Cezar  Olaf Andreas Bakke  Uilma Laurentino Silva  Jucileide Barbosa Borburema  Leilson Rocha Bezerra 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):1001-1007

This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Twenty-eight Santa Inês male lambs with an average body weight (BW) of 20.3 ± 1.49 kg(mean ± SD) were allocated in individual stalls and distributed in a completely random design with four treatments (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/100 g total DM M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay in diet) with seven replications. M. tenuiflora hay at the level of 20% dry matter (DM) total replacing Buffel grass hay increased final weight (P = 0.006), total weight gain (P < 0.001), average daily weight gain (ADWG; P < 0.001), DM intake (P < 0.001), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Intake of crude protein, NDF_ap, ADF_ap, ash, ether extract, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients presented a positive quadratic effect with M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay and 40 g/100 g total DM level presented greater intake. There were positive quadratic effects by M. tenuiflora hay inclusion at 20 g/100 g total DM level on slaughtering weight (P = 0.005), hot carcass weight (P = 0.002), cold carcass weight (P = 0.002), empty body weight (P = 0.001), hot carcass yield (P = 0.002), cold carcass yield (P = 0.003), and increase linear on biological yield (P = 0.003). There was no influence on cooling weight loss (P = 0.284). M. tenuiflora hay may be included in lamb diets at amounts up to 20 g/100 g total DM substitution of Buffel grass hay because increase in the nutrients intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity determinants in smut fungi revealed by genome comparison     

Schirawski J  Mannhaupt G  Münch K  Brefort T  Schipper K  Doehlemann G  Di Stasio M  Rössel N  Mendoza-Mendoza A  Pester D  Müller O  Winterberg B  Meyer E  Ghareeb H  Wollenberg T  Münsterkötter M  Wong P  Walter M  Stukenbrock E  Güldener U  Kahmann R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1546-1548

Biotrophic pathogens, such as the related maize pathogenic fungi Ustilago maydis and Sporisorium reilianum, establish an intimate relationship with their hosts by secreting protein effectors. Because secreted effectors interacting with plant proteins should rapidly evolve, we identified variable genomic regions by sequencing the genome of S. reilianum and comparing it with the U. maydis genome. We detected 43 regions of low sequence conservation in otherwise well-conserved syntenic genomes. These regions primarily encode secreted effectors and include previously identified virulence clusters. By deletion analysis in U. maydis, we demonstrate a role in virulence for four previously unknown diversity regions. This highlights the power of comparative genomics of closely related species for identification of virulence determinants.  相似文献   

Predictive risk mapping of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in Saskatchewan horses     

Epp TY  Waldner C  Berke O 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(3):161-170

The objective of this study was to develop a model using equine data from geographically limited surveillance locations to predict risk categories for West Nile virus (WNV) infection in horses in all geographic locations across the province of Saskatchewan. The province was divided geographically into low-, medium-, or high-risk categories for WNV, based on available serology information from 923 horses obtained through 4 studies of WNV infection in horse populations in Saskatchewan. Discriminant analysis was used to build models using the observed risk of WNV in horses and geographic division-specific environmental data as well as to predict the risk category for all areas, including those beyond the surveillance zones. High-risk areas were indicated by relatively lower rainfall, higher temperatures, and a lower percentage of area covered in trees, water, and wetland. These conditions were most often identified in the southwest corner of the province. Environmental conditions can be used to identify those areas that are at highest risk for WNV. Public health managers could use prediction maps, which are based on animal or human information and developed from annual early season meteorological information, to guide ongoing decisions about when and where to focus intervention strategies for WNV.  相似文献   

Dose-dependent cholesterol-lowering effects of phytosterol/phytostanol-enriched margarine in statin users and statin non-users under free-living conditions     

Eussen SR  de Jong N  Rompelberg CJ  Garssen J  Verschuren WM  Klungel OH 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(10):1823-1832

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Interactive effects of warming, soil humidity and plant diversity on litter decomposition and microbial activity     

Olaf Butenschoen  Stefan Scheu 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(9):1902-1907

Human activity has induced a multitude of global changes that are likely to affect the functioning of ecosystems. Although these changes act in concert, studies on interactive effects are scarce. Here, we conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment to explore the impacts of temperature (9, 12 and 15 °C), changes in soil humidity (moist, dry) and plant diversity (1, 4, 16 species) on soil microbial activity and litter decomposition.We found that changes in litter decomposition did not mirror impacts on microbial measures indicating that the duration of the experiment (22 weeks) may not have been sufficient to determine the full magnitude of global change effects. However and notably, changes in temperature, humidity and plant litter diversity/composition affected in a non-additive way the microbial parameters investigated. For instance, microbial metabolic efficiency increased with plant diversity in the high moisture treatment but remained unaffected in low moisture treatment suggesting that climate changes may mask beneficial effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. Moreover, litter decomposition was unaffected by plant litter diversity/composition but increased with increasing temperature in the high moisture treatment, and decreased with increasing temperature in the low moisture treatment.We conclude that it is inevitable to perform complex experiments considering multiple global change agents in order to realistically predict future changes in ecosystem functioning. Non-additive interactions highlight the context-dependency of impacts of single global change agents.  相似文献