Diagnostic methods applied to analysis of an outbreak of equine influenza in a riding school in which vaccine failure occurred   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

van Maanen C  van Essen GJ  Minke J  Daly JM  Yates PJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,93(4):291-306

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Quantitative trait locus mapping for meat quality traits in an Iberian x Landrace F2 pig population   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ovilo C  Clop A  Noguera JL  Oliver MA  Barragán C  Rodriguez C  Silió L  Toro MA  Coll A  Folch JM  Sánchez A  Babot D  Varona L  Pérez-Enciso M 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(11):2801-2808

An experimental F2 cross between Iberian and Landrace pig strains was performed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for diverse productive traits. Here we report results for meat quality traits from 369 F2 animals with records for pH 24 h postmortem (pH 24 h), muscle color Minolta measurements L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness), H* (hue angle), C* (chroma), intramuscular fat (IMF) and haematin pigment content measured in the longissimus thoracis. Pigs were genotyped for 92 markers covering the 18 porcine autosomes (SSC). Results of the genome scan show evidence for QTL for IMF (SSC6; F = 27.16), pH 24 h (SSC3; F = 7.73), haematin pigments (SSC4 and SSC7; F = 8.68 and 9.47 respectively) and Minolta color measurements L* (SSC4 and SSC7; F =16.42 and 7.17 respectively), and a* (SSC4 and SSC8; F = 8.05 and 7.36 respectively). No QTL were observed for the color measurements b*, H*, and C*. Alternative models fitting epistasis between QTL were also tested, but detected epistatic interactions were not significant at a genome-wise level. In this work we identify genomic regions related with meat quality traits. Improvement by traditional selection methods is complicated, and finer mapping would be required for their application in introgression programs.  相似文献   

Efficacy of extended pirlimycin hydrochloride therapy for treatment of environmental Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in lactating dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gillespie BE  Moorehead H  Lunn P  Dowlen HH  Johnson DL  Lamar KC  Lewis MJ  Ivey SJ  Hallberg JW  Chester ST  Oliver SP 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2002,3(4):373-380

Fifty-one chronically infected lactating dairy cows were used to evaluate the efficacy of extended pirlimycin therapy regimens for treatment of intramammary infections by environmental Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus aureus. Cows (n = 47) with one or more infected mammary quarters were blocked by parity and randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment with pirlimycin (50 mg/mammary quarter) as follows: one treatment per day for 2 days (n = 36 infected mammary quarters); one treatment per day for 5 days (n = 36 infected mammary quarters); and one treatment per day for 8 days (n = 20 infected mammary quarters). Four cows with nine infected mammary quarters were included as untreated controls. Milk samples from each mammary quarter were collected 7 days before treatment, immediately before treatment, and weekly for 4 weeks after the final treatment for microbiological evaluation. A bacteriologic cure was defined as a treated, infected quarter that was bacteriologically negative for the presence of previously identified bacteria at weekly intervals after treatment. Efficacy of pirlimycin therapy against intramammary infections caused by environmental Streptococcus spp and S. aureus was 44.4%, 61.1%, and 95.0% for the 2-, 5-, and 8-day treatment regimens, respectively. None of the infections in the untreated control quarters was cured. Significant differences in efficacy were detected between all pirlimycin groups and the untreated control group, between the 8- and 2-day treatment regimens, and between the 8-day and 5-day treatment regimens (P < or = .05). Results of this study indicate that extended pirlimycin therapy was effective in eliminating intramammary infections caused by environmental streptococci and S. aureus in lactating dairy cows.  相似文献   

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on incorporation of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in a nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defect in cats   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Kerwin SC  Lewis DD  Elkins AD  Oliver JL  Hosgood G  Pechman RD  Dial SL  Strain GM 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(6):691-698

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) would affect incorporation of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in diaphyseal ulnar defects in cats. ANIMALS: 12 mature cats. PROCEDURE: Bilateral nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defects were created in each cat. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was implanted in 1 ulnar defect in each cat, with the contralateral ulnar defect serving as a nongrafted specimen. Six cats were treated by use of hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atmospheres absolute for 90 minutes once daily for 14 days, and 6 cats were not treated (control group). Bone labeling was performed, using fluorochrome markers. Cats were euthanatized 5 weeks after implanting, and barium sulfate was infused to evaluate vascularization of grafts. Ulnas were evaluated by use of radiography, microangiography, histologic examination, and histomorphometric examination. RESULTS: Radiographic scores did not differ between treatment groups. Microangiographic appearance of grafted defects was similar between groups, with all having adequate vascularization. Differences were not observed between treated and nontreated groups in the overall histologic appearance of decalcified samples of tissue in grafted defects. Mean distance between fluorescent labels was significantly greater in cats given HBOT than in nontreated cats. Median percentage of bone formation in grafted defects was significantly greater in cats given HBOT. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment increased the distance between fluorescent labels and percentage of bone formation when incorporating autogenous cancellous bone grafts in induced nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defects in cats, but HBOT did not affect revascularization, radiographic appearance, or qualitative histologic appearance of the grafts.  相似文献   

Equine influenza vaccine efficacy: the significance of antigenic variation     

Yates P  Mumford JA 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(1-2):173-177

To investigate the level of cross-protection induced by equine influenza H3N8 vaccines derived from different lineages, two studies have been carried out with ponies vaccinated with 'American-like' and 'European-like' vaccines and experimentally challenged with a European-like strain. The results demonstrated that equine influenza vaccines clearly protect against challenge with homologous virus if serum antibody titres are sufficiently high. On the other hand, protection is incomplete even when animals vaccinated with heterologous strains have comparative antibody levels. Nevertheless, the protection afforded by heterologous viruses can be improved by stimulating high levels of antibody. It would be advisable to update equine influenza vaccine strains regularly so that they contain similar strains to variants that are circulating in the field.  相似文献   

Structural Characterisation of the Interaction between Triticum aestivum and the Dothideomycete Pathogen Stagonospora nodorum     

Peter S. Solomon  T. J. Greer Wilson  Kasia Rybak  Kerrie Parker  Rohan G. T. Lowe  Richard P. Oliver 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(3):275-282

The interaction between Stagonospora nodorum and a susceptible wheat cultivar was investigated using a range of microscopic techniques. Germination of pycnidiospores occurred approximately 3 h after making contact with the leaf surface and was followed by attempted penetration 8–12 h later. Penetration was observed through stomata and also directly through periclinal and anticlinal epidermal cell walls. Penetration down the anticlinal cell walls appeared to occur without a differentiated penetrating structure whilst structures identified as either lateral appressoria or hyphopodia were typically present when penetrating over a periclinal cell wall. Once inside the leaf, the fungus continued to grow for the next 4–5 days colonising all parts of the leaf except the vascular bundles. Only in the later phase of the infection was total host cell collapse apparent. Evidence of polyphenolic compounds was observed. The infection cycle was completed within 7 days as indicated by sporulation on the leaf surface. These results have allowed us to understand how the fungus physically interacts with the leaf and will help the overall understanding of the infection process.  相似文献   

Farmers' attitudes towards techniques for improving oestrus detection in dairy herds in South West England     

Chris Garforth  Kevin McKemey  Tahir Rehman  Richard Tranter  Richard Cooke  Julian Park  Peter Dorward  Chris Yates 《Livestock Science》2006,103(1-2):158-168

Unidentified heats contribute to declining fertility rates in English dairy herds. Several techniques have been advocated to improve heat detection rates. Despite demonstrable technical efficacy and cost-effectiveness, uptake is low. A study in South West England used the Theory of Reasoned Action (TORA) to explore dairy farmers' attitudes and beliefs towards heat detection techniques. Few farmers were convinced that following prescribed observation times, milk progesterone testing and using pedometers would fit their system or improve on their current heat detection practices. Perceived difficulty of using a technique was not a constraint on adoption. Without promotion that addresses identified barriers and drivers to adoption, little change in current practice can be expected.  相似文献   

Persistence of antibiotics in bovine mammary secretions following intramammary infusion at cessation of milking     

S. P. Oliver  T. M. Lewis  M. J. Lewis  H. H. Dowlen  J. L. Maki 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1990,9(4):301-311

A study was conducted to determine the persistence of antibiotic preparations for use in nonlactating cows in bovine mammary secretions following intramammary infusion at cessation of milking. Five commercially available antibiotic formulations were evaluated using 311 cows. All quarters of each cow were sampled once only during the nonlactating period and most cows were sampled at or near parturition. Antibiotic residues were detected qualitatively by the Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay. Great variation between different antibiotics in persistence in mammary secretion was observed. In general, mammary secretions from most mammary glands infused with cloxacillin or penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin were positive at 28–35 days after infusion and some were positive at 42–49 days after infusion. On the other hand, <13% of mammary secretions at 7 days after infusion of novobiocin and 50% of mammary secretions at 14 days after infusion of penicillin-novobiocin were positive for antibiotics. Cephapirin benzathine persisted for about 21 days after infusion. Some samples that were positive for antibiotics after initial testing were negative following heating of samples, suggesting that component(s) of dry secretion can inhibit growth of B. stearothermophilus and influence the interpretation of results. Colostrum samples from all quarters except one were negative for antibiotics. These data suggest that nonlactating-cow antibiotic formulations persist primarily during the early to mid-nonlactating period. Based upon present methods of formulation, it would appear that antibiotic preparations for use in nonlactating cows most likely provide little protection during the periparturient period, at a time when mammary glands are highly susceptible to new intramammary infections.  相似文献   

Isolation of Mycoplasma bovirhinis from the kidneys of a bull with urinary obstruction and subacute nephritis     

V S Panangala  J S Stringfellow  J L Oliver  D F Wolfe 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(3):381-382

A bull with urethral obstruction secondary to urolithiasis died following exploratory laparotomy. Postmortem examination revealed renal, cystic, and urethral calculi. Gross and histologic findings were consistent with acute urethral and bilateral renal obstruction. Bacteriologic culture of renal tissue revealed Mycoplasma bovirhinis.  相似文献   

A diagnostic approach to congenital neck masses in foals     

A. Oliver  R. Nolen-Walston 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(5):231-234

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