Molecular and serological characterization of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola isolated from dogs, swine, and bovine in Brazil     

Fabiana Miraglia  Zenaide M. de Morais  Odir A. Dellagostin  Fabiana K. Seixas  Julio C. Freitas  Francielle G. S. Zacarias  Ádina C. Delbem  Thaís S. P. Ferreira  Gisele O. Souza  Rudy A. Hartskeerl  Silvio A. Vasconcellos  Andrea M. Moreno 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):117-121

The identification of Leptospira clinical isolates through genotyping and serotyping, besides the recognition of its reservoirs, are important tools for understanding the epidemiology of leptospirosis, and they are also keys for identifying new species and serovars. Fourteen clinical isolates from animals were characterized by means of single enzyme amplified length polymorphism, variable number of tandem repeat analysis, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and serotyping. All isolates were identified as Leptospira interrogans, serovar Canicola. Infections by this serovar occur in urban regions, where dogs represent the main maintenance hosts, whereas bovine and swine may act as reservoirs of serovar Canicola in rural areas. Both urban and rural aspects of leptospirosis, and the role of domestic animals as maintenance hosts, cannot be neglected in developing and developed countries.  相似文献   

Fosfomycin concentrations in epithelial lining fluid in weaning piglets     

Soraci AL  Pérez DS  Martínez G  Amanto F  Tapia MO  Dieguez S  Fernández Paggi MB 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2012,35(4):406-409

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Estrus cycle effect on muscle tyrosine kinase activity in bitches     

Gomes Pöppl Á  Costa Valle S  Hilário Díaz González F  de Castro Beck CA  Kucharski LC  Silveira Martins Da Silva R 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):81-84

Estrus cycle is a well recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches. The insulin receptor (IR) as well as the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor belong to the same subfamily of tyrosine kinase (TK) receptors. The objective of this study was to evaluate basal TK activity in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrus cycle. Twenty-four bitches were used in the study (7 in anestrus, 7 in estrus, and 10 in diestrus). Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery to determine TK activity, were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80°C until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation after being homogenized. TK activity was determined by Poly (Glu 4:Tyr 1) phosphorylation and expressed in cpm/μg of protein. TK activity was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the animals in estrus (104.5 ± 11.9 cpm/μg of protein) and diestrus (94.5 ± 16.9 cpm/μg of protein) when compared with bitches in anestrus (183.2 ± 39.2 cpm/μg of protein). These results demonstrate, for the first time, lower basal TK activity in the muscle tissue of female dogs during estrus and diestrus, which may represent lower insulin signaling capacity, opening a new field of investigation into the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in dogs.  相似文献   

Evaluation of two cocktails containing ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv-3615c in the intradermal test and the interferon-γ assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis     

Casal C  Bezos J  Díez-Guerrier A  Álvarez J  Romero B  de Juan L  Rodriguez-Campos S  Vordermeier M  Whelan A  Hewinson RG  Mateos A  Domínguez L  Aranaz A 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):149-154

The intradermal tuberculin tests and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay are the principal tests used worldwide for the ante-mortem diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The conventional reagent currently in use in these tests is purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin obtained from Mycobacterium bovis culture. The components of PPD are poorly characterized and difficult to standardize. To overcome this issue, antigens specific to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are being studied. Here we have assessed the biological potency of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv-3615c presented as peptide or recombinant protein cocktails in comparison with the standard bovine PPD used routinely in Spanish eradication campaigns. The study was performed in cattle (n=23) from a herd with natural M. bovis infection. Animals were simultaneously injected with PPD and the peptide and protein cocktails. The percentages of cattle reacting positively to single intradermal test were 60.9% (bovine PPD), 47.8% (peptide cocktail) and 60.9% (protein cocktail), with no significant difference between the actual skin fold thickness increases (p>0.05). The IFN-γ assay detected 60.9% of animals when stimulation was performed with bovine PPD, but decreased to 52.2% when stimulation was performed with the peptide cocktail and to 47.8% when stimulation was performed with the protein cocktail. However, no significant differences were found between IFN-γ responder frequencies (p>0.05). These results show a potential use of these defined reagents for in vivo tuberculosis diagnosis.  相似文献   

Cross-sectional study on prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in domestic ruminants in an endemic area of the Canary Islands (Spain)     

Rodríguez NF  Tejedor-Junco MT  González-Martín M  Santana del Pino A  Gutiérrez C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):144-148

Trypanosoma evansi is the most widely spread of the pathogenic African trypanosomes of animals. The disease (surra) was first diagnosed in the Canary Islands in a dromedary camel in 1997; thus, a control plan was implemented achieving the eventual eradication of T. evansi from most of the infected areas in the Archipelago. However, a little area remains still infected despite the use of the same control measures. To evaluate possible reservoirs in the area a representative sample of domestic ruminants was examined by serological, parasitological and molecular tests. Of a total of 1228 ruminants assessed, 61 (5%) were serologically positive (7 cattle, 21 goats, 33 sheep), but T. evansi could be demonstrated in none of them. According to FreeCalc assessment, cattle and goat populations would be free from disease; however, the results from sheep are not adequate to conclude that the population would be free from disease. As a conclusion, surveillance must be exercised on ruminant farms in the surroundings of the infected area in order to evaluate the possible extension of the disease and their potential role as reservoirs of T. evansi.  相似文献   

Resonance of scantlings indicates the stiffness even of small specimens of Eucalyptus from plantations     

Paulo Ricardo Gherardi Hein  José Tarcísio Lima  Joseph Gril  Ant?nio Marcos Rosado  Lo?c Brancheriau 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(4):621-635

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the stiffness of scantlings, approaching structural size materials, and small specimens of 6-year-old Eucalyptus urophylla?×?grandis wood using a resonance technique. The correlation between the elastic modulus (E) of the scantlings in longitudinal vibration and small specimens in flexural vibration was r?=?75 when comparing the scantling values with the averaged values of the specimens per scantling. However, when the E of each single specimen was compared with its respective scantling, the coefficient of correlation decreased to r?=?0.64 in the longitudinal tests and r?=?0.61 in the flexural tests. A roughly linear correlation (r?=?0.59) between specific modulus and loss tangent was obtained for the small specimens of Eucalyptus. In short, the resonance technique rapidly provided a large, accurate data set of mechanical wood properties as required for high-throughput phenotyping in recent genetic studies.  相似文献   

Litter decomposition and nutrients dynamics in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothofagus antarctica</Emphasis> forests under silvopastoral use in Southern Patagonia     

Héctor A. Bahamonde  P. L. Peri  R. Alvarez  A. Barneix  A. Moretto  G. Martínez Pastur 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,84(3):345-360

The role of environmental variables on litter decomposition and its nutrient release in Nothofagus antarctica forest in Patagonia is poorly understood. Moreover, in these forests under silvopastoral use there are few antecedents. Litter decomposition and nutrient release of grasses and tree leaves were evaluated under different crown cover and two site quality stands during 480 days. Organic matter decomposition varied with crown cover for both types of litter, achieving mean values of 23 and 34% for maximal and minimal crown cover, respectively. Total transmitted radiation was the main environmental factor explaining 61 and 49% of the variation of grass and tree leaves decay rates, respectively. N, P, and Ca were mineralized during first 60 days in decomposing tree leaves and then immobilized without differences between crown cover. The K was immobilized during the evaluated period. In decomposing grass leaves the results varied according to site quality and time. There was a tendency of nutrient mineralization at the first 120 days and then immobilization. The removal of trees for silvopastoral use of N. antarctica may increase litter decomposition by changing the microclimate, but nutrients release or immobilization was mainly affected for their concentration in decomposing material.  相似文献   

Origin of the acetylated structures present in white birch (Betula pendula Roth) milled wood lignin     

Jorge Rencoret  José C. del Río  Ana Gutiérrez  ángel T. Martínez  Shiming Li  Jim Park?s  Knut Lundquist 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(1-3):459-471

The occurrence and nature of acetate groups in the milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from birch (Betula pendula Roth) has been addressed by spectroscopic (2D-NMR) and chemical degradative (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage, DFRC) methods. Considerable amounts of acetate groups were present in the MWL preparation. However, 2D-NMR analysis indicated that the lignin polymer is not extensively acetylated and that the major part of the acetate groups is attached to the xylan moieties present in the MWL preparation. Nevertheless, evidence of the presence of minor acetylation of the γ-carbon of the lignin side chain (<3% of both syringyl and guaiacyl lignin units) was provided by DFRC analysis.  相似文献   

Diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores under different coffee production systems and in a tropical montane cloud forest patch in Veracruz, Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rosa María Arias  Gabriela Heredia-Abarca  Vinicio J. Sosa  Luis Ernesto Fuentes-Ramírez 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,85(1):179-193

We evaluate the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community as measured by spores in different coffee production systems (at the depth of 0?C15?cm). In addition, we analyze the similarities between the AMF communities in coffee production systems and those that occur in a tropical montane cloud forest patch in order to evaluate the capacity of coffee production systems to preserve the native AMF community. We carried out four samplings in five coffee production systems representative of a vegetation structure gradient, and in a forest. From 120 soil samples, 33 morphospecies were detected. In all the sites, the dominant morphospecies were Glomus clarum and Glomus sp. 3. We found no significant difference in AMF spore richness between sites. Diversity was similar in most of the coffee production systems. Significant differences were only detected in spore abundance; during the dry season the forest, shaded traditional rustic system and shaded simple system presented the highest spore abundance. With the exception of one species exclusive to the forest, the coffee production systems all share the same AMF species as the forest. The coffee production systems with the greatest similarity to cloud forest were the shaded traditional rustic system and the shaded simple system. It is suggested that control of weeds and fertilization could be important factors influencing the composition and abundance of AMF spores in coffee production systems.  相似文献   

A data mining approach to improve multiple regression models of soil nitrate concentration predictions in Quercus rotundifolia montados (Portugal)     

Jorge Nunes  Manuel Madeira  Luíz Gazarini  José Neves  Henrique Vicente 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,84(1):89-100

The changes in the soil nitrate concentration were studied during 2 years in a “montado” ecosystem, in the South of Portugal. Total rainfall, air and soil temperature and soil water content under and outside Quercus rotundifolia canopy were also evaluated. A cluster analysis was carried out using climatic and microclimatic parameters in order to maximize the intraclass similarity and minimize the interclass similarity. It was used the k-Means Clustering Method. Several cluster models were developed using k values ranging between 2 and 5. Thereafter, in each cluster, the data were divided according to their origin (soil under canopy and open areas, and from surface and deep layers). Multiple regression models were tested for each cluster, to assess the relationship between soil nitrate concentration and a set of climatic and microclimatic parameters and the results were compared with models assessed without clustering. The models achieved with data grouped in result of clustering analysis showed better performance than the models achieved without clustering, mostly for data from open areas soils. When temperature is low and/or water presents excess or scarcity levels, the data from soils in undercanopy areas, give rise to models with worst performance than models from open soil areas data. The results obtained for undercanopy area suggest that nitrification process in soil under Quercus rotundifolia trees influence is more complex than for open areas, and subject to other relevant factors beyond water and temperature.  相似文献