The Work of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC)     

R. LLOYD 《Aquaculture Research》1974,5(4):108-109

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Carriage of Bacteria Antagonistic Towards Staphylococcus intermedius on Canine Skin and Mucosal Surfaces     

LEENA E. SAIJONMAA-KOULUMIES  DAVID H. LLOYD 《Veterinary dermatology》1995,6(4):187-194

Abstract— Antagonism against Staphylococcus intermedius was investigated amongst bacteria isolated from skin and mucosae of (1) 15 dogs with pyoderma and (2) 42 healthy dogs, including household pets, laboratory beagles and guide dogs. Fifteen isolates of S. intermedius, four coagulase-negative staphylococci and a Micrococcus were inhibitory in vitro against at least one of the three indicator strains using direct and deferred inhibition tests. More dogs with antagonists were found in the pyoderma group and amongst laboratory beagles (p < 0.05) compared to healthy household pets. The frequency of all antagonists and of antagonistic S. intermedius from mucosae was higher in the pyoderma group compared to healthy household pets (p < 0.01 for both) and all healthy animals (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Increased competition at mucosae of infected dogs caused by higher populations of bacteria may have favoured the selection of antagonistic strains. Further studies, including tests for adherence and virulence are required to determine whether these isolates could be used as interfering strains against canine pyoderma. Résumé— L'antagonisme contre Staphylococcus intermedius a étéétudié parmi des bactéries isolées à partir de la peau et des muqueuses de 15 chiens présentant des pyodermites et de 42 chiens sains, effectif comprenant des chiens de particuliers, des beagles de laboratoire et des chiens guides. Parmi les souches isolées, 15 S. intermedius, 4 staphylocoques coagulase négatifs et un micrococcus se sont révélés inhibiteurs in vitro vis à vis d'au moins une des 3 souches indicatrices, à la fois dans des test d'inhibition directs et indirects. La plupart des chiens portcurs d'antagonistes appartenait au groupe pyodermite et au groupe beagles de laboratoire (p < 0,05) plutôt qu'au groupe chiens de particuliers sains. La fréquence de tous les antagonistes et du S. intermedius antagoniste isolés à partir des muqueuses était supérieure dans le groupe pyodermite par rapport au groupe chiens de particuliers sains (p < 0,01) pour les 2) et au groupe incluant la totalité des animaux sains (p <0,05 et p < 0,01 respectivement). Une compétition accrue au niveau des muqueuses de chiens infectés causée par un plus grand nombre de bactéries peut favoriser la sélection de souches antagonistes. D'autres études incluant des tests d'adhérence et de virulence sont nécessaires pour déterminer si ces souches isolées peuvent être utilisées comme antagonistes dans les infections cutanées. [Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L. E., LLOyD, D. H. Carriage of bacteria antagonistic towards Staphylococcus intermedius on canine skin and mucosal surfaces (Portage de bactéries antagonistes de Staphylococcus intermedius sur les surfaces muqueuses et cutanées chez le chien).  相似文献   

Assessment of a complement fixation test to detect Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. C. LLOYD  R. T. BADMAN  J. R. ETHERIDGE  K. McKECHNIE  H. IYER 《Australian veterinary journal》1984,61(7):216-218

SUMMARY Serums from pigs slaughtered at abattoirs were tested for evidence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection using a complement fixation (CF) test which avoids the procomplementary effect of pig serum. To establish a diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia, the lungs from all sampled pigs were examined for pathological and histological changes consistent with the disease and cultures were made for mycoplasmas and bacteria. The study was carried out at Parkville and Bendigo 160 km apart at different times and all serums were tested at both laboratories. The results agreed closely. Thirty-six of 97 pigs at Parkville and 46 of 99 at Bendigo had enzootic pneumonia. About 80% were positive in the CF test. Sixteen per cent of porkers and 36% of baconers gave false negative reactors, that is, a negative test though lesions were present. About 18% to 36% gave false positive reactions but the level in the porkers in the Bendigo group was significantly higher (p<0.02). Possible explanations include, for the false negatives, loss of reactivity caused by circulating antigen and for the false positives, cross reacting antibody produced by another infection or failure to appreciate that lesions of EP were present in lungs because either they were not identified as such or they were not detected. The validity of any serological test for this disease cannot be established while there is a possibility that the present methods used for diagnosis, gross and microscopic examination and recovery of M. hyopneumoniae, fail to detect some infected animals. Other criteria may have to be adopted.  相似文献   

STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS SEPTICAEMIA IN SPINIFEX HOPPING MICE (NOTOMYS ALEXIS)     

W. I. HOPKINSON  J. M. LLOYD 《Australian veterinary journal》1981,57(11):533-534

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Double-blind Comparison of Three Concentrated Essential Fatty Acid Supplements in the Management of Canine Atopy     

ROSS BOND  DAVID H. LLOYD 《Veterinary dermatology》1993,4(4):185-189

Abstract— A randomised double-blind parallel study lasting 16 weeks compared the efficacy of a concentrated essential fatty acid supplement containing 280 mg of GLA and 50 mg of EPA (HGF 500 mg capsules, Efamol Vet) with supplements containing 350 mg of GLA (HGG capsules), and 250 mg of EPA (HGE capsules). Twenty-eight atopic dogs whose clinical signs were well-controlled by HGF either continued to receive HGF or were switched to HGG or HGE. The dogs were clinically examined by the same veterinary surgeon at 4-week intervals and assessments of pruritus, scaling, erythema, infiltration, coat condition and overall severity recorded. Clinical scores for each criterion assessed and plasma phospholipid concentrations for four fatty acids measured did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) during the study period, indicating that the three supplements assessed were of comparable therapeutic efficacy in the atopic dogs studied. Resumen Un estudio paralelo al azar de tipo doble ciego que duró diecieséis semanas, comparó la eficacia de un suplemento concentrado de ácidos grasos esenciales conteniendo 280 mg de GLA y 50 mg de EPA (HGE 500 mg cápsulas, Efamol Vet) con suplementos que contenían 350 mg de GLA (HGG cápsulas), y 250 mg de EPA (HGG cápsulas). Veintiocho de los perros atópicos en los que el cuadro clínico estaba bajo control con HGF continuaron recibiendo el mismo suplemento, o se les cambió a la medicación con HGG o HGE. Los perros fueron examinados por el mismo veterinario periódicamente cada 4 semanas, evaluándose el prurito, descamación, eritema, infiltración, condición del pelo, y severidad de la enfermedad cutánea. La evaluación clínica para cada criterio evaluado, y las concentraciones de fosfolipídos de los cuatro ácidos grasos medidos, no varió significativamente (P > 0.05) durante el periodo de estudio, indicando que la eficacia de los 3 suplementos comparados fue similar para los perros atópicos de éste estudio. Résumé— Une étude en double aveugle de seize semaines a été réalisée pour comparer une préparation en acides gras essentiels contenant 280 mg de GLA et 50 mg d'EPA (capsules HGF 500 mg, Efamol Vet), un supplément contenant 350 mg de GLA (capsules HGG) et un contenant 250 mg d'EPA (capsules HGE). Vingt huit chiens atopiques dont les symptômes étaient controlés par l'HGF ont soit continuéá recevoir de l'HGF soit de l'HGE, soit de l'HGG. Les animaux ont été examinés par le même vétérinaire toutes les quatre semaines et l'évolution du prurit, du squamosis, de l'érythème, de l'infiltration, de l'état du pelage et de la sévérité générale a été enregistrée. Les scores cliniques de chaque critère et les concentrations plasmatiques de quatre acides gras n'ont pas varié de facon significative (P > 0,05) pendant la durée de l'étude, indiquant que ces trois suppléments avaient une efficacité comparable chez les chiens atopiques étudiés.  相似文献   

Incarceration of the Small Intestine in the Epiploic Foramen Report of 19 Cases (1983–1992)     

THERESA A. ENGELBERT dvm    LLOYD P. TATE Jr.  VMD  Dipiomate acvs  KARL F. BOWMAN DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS  Dipiomate ABVP  DAVID G. BRISTOL DVM  Dipiomate ABVP  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):57-61

The medical records of 19 horses referred for colic and subsequently found (18 confirmed, 1 suspected) to have small intestinal incarceration through the epiploic foramen were reviewed. These horses were of various ages and breeds; they had clinical signs of colic for an average duration of 13.5 hours before examination. Seventeen horses had nasogastric reflux, and 15 had palpable small intestinal distention. Three horses were killed during surgery because of severe intestinal damage. Of the remaining 16 horses, 13 required intestinal resection and anastomosis. The length of incarcerated small intestine varied from 8 cm to 17.6 m. The ileum was involved in 12 cases. In one horse, the mesoduodenum was disrupted before surgery, causing intra-abdominal bleeding; incarceration of bowel was not found during surgery. The short-term (1 month) survival rate was 74% (14 of 19 cases), and the long-term survival rate was 63% (12 of 19 cases). The follow-up period was 3 months to 45 months (mean 17.2 ± 7.2 months).  相似文献   

Carriage of Staphylococcus intermedius on the Ventral Abdomen of Clinically Normal Dogs and Those With Pyoderma     

DAVID H. LLOYD  ROBERT P. ALLAKER  ANNA PATTINSON 《Veterinary dermatology》1991,2(3-4):161-164

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Metronidazole: a method for its determination in biological fluids and its disposition kinetics in the dog     

CAROL A. NEFF-DAVIS  LLOYD E. DAVIS  EDWARD L. GILLETTE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1981,4(2):121-127

A method for the analytical determination of metronidazole concentrations in biological tissues was developed using high performance liquid chromatography. The procedure was employed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in dogs following intravenous and oral administration (44 mg/kg). The overall elimination rate constant β was 0.0027 ± 0.0005 min^-1, the apparent specific volume of distribution (V'_d) was 0.948 ± 0.096 L/kg overall clearance (Cl_B) was 2.49 ± 0.54 ml/kg/min and the rate constant for absorption K_ab was 0.0456 ± 0.0353 min^-1. Oral bioavailability was high but variable (59%–100%). Implications of these data for chemotherapy of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, trichomonads, and Giardia and for the sensitization of hypoxic neoplastic cells to radiotherapy are discussed.  相似文献