Microglia and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of lame horses     

Constanza S. Meneses  Heine Y. Müller  Daniel E. Herzberg  Benjamin Uberti  Marianne P. Werner  Hedie A. Bustamante 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):92-102

Objective

To determine the microglial and astrocyte response to painful lameness in horses.

Study design

Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, cell density and morphology were determined through immunofluorescence within the dorsal horn of equine spinal cord.

Animals

A total of five adult horses with acute or chronic unilateral lameness, previously scheduled for euthanasia.

Methods

Musculoskeletal lameness was evaluated in five horses through visual evaluation according to clinical guidelines. Spinal cord samples were obtained immediately after euthanasia, and distal limb lesions were confirmed through dissection and radiography. Iba-1 immunostaining was used for detection and characterization of dorsal horn microglia. GFAP was used for immunostaining of dorsal horn astrocytes. Iba-1 and GFAP labeled cells were quantified in the dorsal horn, and intensity of fluorescence was compared between the ipsi- and contralateral dorsal horn to the affected limb, and between dorsal horn segments of all horses.

Results

Iba-1 expression was higher in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the affected limb in contrast to the contralateral side dorsal horn. GFAP markers did not demonstrate increased astrocytic activity on the dorsal horn ipsilateral side to the distal limb lesion of affected horses. Horses with acute lameness predominantly had a spherical shape microglial phenotype, while cells from chronic lameness cases had variable morphology. Astrocytes evidenced small somas and large processes in both acute and chronic lameness, with higher GFAP localization in the main branches. As in the case of rodents, the localization of microglia and astrocytes in horses was mainly situated within laminae I, II and III.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Iba-1 and GFAP are functional and morphological markers of spinal microglial cells and astrocytes in horses with lameness.  相似文献   

Idiopathic renal haematuria in a 15-year-old Arabian mare     

Vits L  Araya O  Bustamante H  Mohr F  Galecio S 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(8):251-252

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Probing biological surfaces     

Bustamante C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5156):296

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Chemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Protein-Rich Ingredients Obtained through a Technological Process from Yellow Lupin Seeds (Lupinus luteus)     

Burgos-Díaz  César  Opazo-Navarrete  Mauricio  Wandersleben  Traudy  Soto-Añual  Monserrat  Barahona  Tamara  Bustamante  Mariela 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(4):508-517

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - In recent years, interest in plant-based proteins has been rising due to ethical and sustainability issues. In this context, the production of protein concentrates...  相似文献   

First report of tobacco as a natural host of Euphorbia mosaic virus in Cuba     

E. Fiallo‐Olivé  R. F. Rivera‐Bustamante  Y. Martínez‐Zubiaur 《Plant pathology》2010,59(4):795-795

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Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of Gentianella nitida     

Rojas R  Doroteo V  Bustamante B  Bauer J  Lock O 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(7-8):754-757

The antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract and fractions of Gentianella nitida have been assessed. The most susceptible microorganisms were Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. The antifungal activity was concentrated in the 90% methanol and nonsoluble fractions, while the radical scavenging activity was stronger in the ethyl acetate and nonsoluble fractions.  相似文献   

Effect of air preheating on automotive emissions     

M. N. Azpiazu  C. Bustamante  J. M. Morquillasz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,51(3-4):231-237

Spark ignition engines in today's automobiles and trucks are a major source of urban air pollution. The engine exhaust is the source of NO, NO₂, and CO emissions. The exhaust, fuel tank and carburetor are the sources of unburned hydrocarbons. Almost 20% of the total distance travelled by automobiles consist of short trips from the starting point. In most cases, engine and driveline temperature will remain well below optimum levels in this period. Therefore in these cases, cold starting effects will influence the vehicle for a large proportion of driving time. The problem is enhanced in seasons of cold weather and high ambient humidity. Preheating the engine prior to cold starting has been reported as a good way to avoid many of these undesired effects. In the present study, CO emissions, rpm and water, oil, air and exhaust gases temperatures were determined in experiments of cold starting with and without preheating intake air of the engine. Results showed an important decrease in CO emissions and a good general performance of the engine when intake air was preheated.  相似文献   

Optimization of Medlar Pruning Waste Composting Process by Cattle Manure Addition     

Concepción Paredes  Joaquín Moreno-Caselles  Enrique Agulló  J. Andreu-Rodriguez  Angel Torres-Climent  M. Angeles Bustamante 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):228-237

In this study, medlar pruning waste (MPW) was composted with and without cattle manure (CM). Two piles were prepared: one contained only MPW (pile 1) and one contained MPW augmented with CM (pile 2). Both piles were composted in an enclosed composting vessel with passive aeration and aeration by turning. During the composting process, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), OM losses, total organic carbon (C_org), total nitrogen (N_T), C_org/N_T ratio, and germination index (GI) were measured. Pile 2 produced a faster increase of the temperature and had a longer thermophilic phase than pile 1. However, the rate of OM degradation was faster in pile 1 than in the pile containing CM (pile 2). The addition of CM also resulted in an increased pH and salt content. In both piles, C/N ratio decreased throughout the process, presumably as a result of the faster organic carbon degradation compared to N mineralization. However, only pile 2 had a final C/N ratio <20, the limit accepted for compost by the Spanish legislation on fertilizer. Also, both composts had GI > 50 percent, indicating an absence of phytotoxicity.  相似文献   

Polymorphism in gyrA is associated to quinolones resistance in Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates     

P Henríquez  H Bohle  F Bustamante  P Bustos  M Mancilla 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(4):415-418

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Carbon Mineralization and Water-Extractable Organic Carbon and Nitrogen as Predictors of Soil Health and Nitrogen Mineralization Potential     

S. J. Castro Bustamante 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(22):46-53

ABSTRACT

The United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) launched a national “Soil health initiative” in 2012; as a part of that effort, a soil health index (SHI) has been developed. The SHI is calculated using results of three soil tests: 24-h carbon mineralization following rewetting of air-dried soil (C_min, by the “Solvita” proprietary method) and water-extractable organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). These tests are being promoted both as the inputs into the SHI calculation and as predictors of soil N mineralization potential. Soil was collected from 35 California fields in annual crop rotations; 20 fields were under certified organic management and the other 15 under conventional management, to provide a range of soil properties and management effects. Carbon mineralization was determined by the Solvita method, and by a comparison method utilizing head space carbon dioxide (CO₂) monitoring by infrared gas analyzer (IRGA); additionally, two soil wetting protocols were compared, capillary wetting (the Solvita method) and wetting to 50% water-filled pore space (WFPS). Both water-extractable C (WEOC) and N (WEON) were determined using NRCS-recommended protocols. Net N mineralization (N_min) was also determined after a 28-day aerobic incubation at 25°C. Solvita C_min was highly correlated with the IRGA method using capillary wetting (R² = 0.81). However, capillary soil wetting resulted in high gravimetric water content that significantly suppressed C_min compared to the 50% WFPS method. N_min was correlated with Solvita C_min (r = 0.54) and with WEOC and WEON (r = 0.62 for each comparison); combining these three measurements into the SHI slightly improved the correlation with N_min. The organically managed soils scored higher than the conventional soils on the SHI, with a minority of organic soils and the majority of conventional soils scoring below the NRCS target threshold. SHI and soil organic matter were correlated, suggesting an inherent bias that would complicate the application of a national SHI standard.  相似文献