Effect of the herbicide butachlor on methane emission and ebullition flux from a direct-seeded flooded rice field     

S. R. Mohanty  K. Bharati  B. T. S. Moorthy  B. Ramakrishnan  V. R. Rao  N. Sethunathan  T. K. Adhya 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,33(3):175-180

 Application of a commercial formulation of the herbicide butachlor (N-butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl acetanilide) at 1 kg a.i. ha^–1 to an alluvial soil planted with direct-seeded flooded rice (cv. Annada), significantly inhibited both crop-mediated emission and ebullition fluxes of methane (CH₄). Over a cropping period of 110 days, the crop-mediated cumulative emission flux of CH₄ was lowered by ∼20% in butachlor-treated field plots compared with that of an untreated control. Concurrently, ebollition flux of CH₄ was also retarded in butachlor-treated field plots by about 81% compared with that of control plots. Significant relationships existed between CH₄ emission and redox potential (E _h) and Fe²⁺ content of the flooded soil. Application of butachlor retarded a drop in soil redox potential as well as accumulation of Fe²⁺ in treated field plots. Methanogenic bacterial population, counted at the maturity stage of the crop, was also low in butachlor-treated plots, indicating both direct and indirect inhibitory effects of butachlor on methanogenic bacterial populations and their activity. Results indicate that butachlor, even at field-application level, can effectively abate CH₄ emission and ebollition from flooded soils planted to rice whilst maintaining grain yield. Received: 15 March 2000  相似文献   

Water transmission characteristics of a Vertisol and water use efficiency of rainfed soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under subsoiling and manuring     

M. Mohanty  K.K. Bandyopadhyay  D.K. Painuli  P.K. Ghosh  A.K. Misra  K.M. Hati 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,93(2):420-428

In Vertisols of central India erratic rainfall and prevalence of drought during crop growth, low infiltration rates and the consequent ponding of water at the surface during the critical growth stages are suggested as possible reasons responsible for poor yields (<1 t ha⁻¹) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Ameliorative tillage practices particularly deep tillage (subsoiling with chisel plough) can improve the water storage of soil by facilitating infiltration, which may help in minimizing water stress in this type of soil. In a 3-year field experiment (2000–2002) carried out in a Vertisol during wet seasons at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, we determined infiltration rate, root length and mass densities, water use efficiency and productivity of rainfed soybean under three tillage treatments consisting of conventional tillage (two tillage by sweep cultivator for topsoil tillage) (S₁), conventional tillage + subsoiling in alternate years using chisel plough (S₂), and conventional tillage + subsoiling in every year (S₃) as main plot. The subplot consisted of three nutrient treatments, viz., 0% NPK (N₀), 100% NPK (N₁) and 100% NPK + farmyard manure (FYM) at 4 t ha⁻¹ (N₂). S₃ registered a significantly lower soil penetration resistance by 22%, 28% and 20%, respectively, at the 17.5, 24.5 and 31.5 cm depths over S₁ and the corresponding decrease over S₂ were 17%, 19% and 13%, respectively. Bulk density after 15 days of tillage operation was significantly low in subsurface (15–30 cm depth) in S₃ (1.39 mg m⁻³) followed by S₂ (1.41 mg m⁻³) and S₁ (1.58 mg m⁻³). Root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) of soybean at 0–15 cm soil depth were greater following subsoiling in every year. S₃ recorded significantly greater RLD (1.04 cm cm⁻³) over S₂ (0.92 cm cm⁻³) and S₁ (0.65 cm cm⁻³) at 15–30 cm depth under this study. The basic infiltration rate was greater after subsoiling in every year (5.65 cm h⁻¹) in relation to conventional tillage (1.84 cm h⁻¹). Similar trend was also observed in water storage characteristics (0–90 cm depth) of the soil profile. The faster infiltration rate and water storage of the profile facilitated higher grain yield and enhanced water use efficiency for soybean under subsoiling than conventional tillage. S₃ registered significantly higher water use efficiency (17 kg ha⁻¹ cm⁻¹) over S₂ (16 kg ha⁻¹ cm⁻¹) and S₁ (14 kg ha⁻¹ cm⁻¹). On an average subsoiling recorded 20% higher grain yield of soybean over conventional tillage but the yield did not vary significantly due to S₃ and S₂. Combined application of 100% NPK and 4 t farmyard manure (FYM) ha⁻¹ in N₂ resulted in a larger RLD, RMD, grain yield and water use efficiency than N₁ or the control (N₀). N₂ registered significantly higher yield of soybean (1517 kg ha⁻¹) over purely inorganic (N₁) (1392 kg ha⁻¹) and control (N₀) (898 kg ha⁻¹). The study indicated that in Vertisols, enhanced productivity of soybean can be achieved by subsoiling in alternate years and integrated with the use of 100% NPK (30 kg N, 26 kg P and 25 kg K) and 4 t FYM ha⁻¹.  相似文献   

Spermatozoa produced during winter are superior in terms of phenotypic characteristics and oviduct explants binding ability in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

Haneef Ahmad Rather  Arumugam Kumaresan  Pradeep Nag  Vimlesh Kumar  Samiksha Nayak  Vipul Batra  Bilal Ahmad Ganaie  Rubina K. Baithalu  Tushar Kumar Mohanty  Tirtha Kumar Datta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1629-1637

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Trace elemental characterization of some food crustacean tissue samples by EDXRF technique     

Anil Mohapatra  T.R. Rautray  V. Vijayan  Rajeeb K. Mohanty  S.K. Dey 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):552-558

The trace elemental analysis of two species of mud crab and three species of prawn samples from Chilika lagoon, Orissa, India has been carried out by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique available at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar. Elements namely K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Sr and Pb have been measured in the present investigation. The study indicates the effectiveness of the technique in analyzing biological materials like tissue samples and opens a door for easy analysis of seafood items with a easy, fast, sensitive, simultaneous multi-elemental technique with a simple sample preparation procedure without any chemical treatment. Though all the specimens were collected from the same environment of the lagoon the elemental variation might be due to the differential migration pattern and metabolism or other biological factors.  相似文献   

Micronutrients (Fe,Mn, Zn and Cu) balance under long-term application of fertilizer and manure in a tropical rice-rice system     

Mohammad Shahid  Arvind Kumar Shukla  Pratap Bhattacharyya  Rahul Tripathi  Sangita Mohanty  Anjani Kumar  Banwari Lal  Priyanka Gautam  Rajagounder Raja  Bipin Bihari Panda  Brundaban Das  Amaresh Kumar Nayak 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(3):737-747

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Pathophysiology of experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Puntius sarana: early changes in blood and aspects of the innate immune-related gene expression in survivors     

Das A  Sahoo PK  Mohanty BR  Jena JK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,142(3-4):207-218

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Effect of pre-freeze addition of cysteine hydrochloride and reduced glutathione in semen of crossbred Jersey bulls on sperm parameters and conception rates     

Perumal P  Selvaraju S  Selvakumar S  Barik AK  Mohanty DN  Das S  Das RK  Mishra PC 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(4):636-641

This study was aimed to assess the effect of pre-freeze addition of cysteine hydrochloride and glutathione (GSH) on post-thaw sperm functional parameters and field fertility. The experimental bulls (n = 6) aged 4-6 years were used for this study. A total of 36 ejaculates (six ejaculates per bull) were collected and divided into three groups, group I (control), group II (5 mm cysteine hydrochloride) and group III (5 mm GSH). The extended semen samples with and without additives were filled in mini straw using automatic filling and sealing machine and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Post-freeze seminal traits were recorded after thawing at 37°C for 30 s. The curvilinear velocity (VCL) and amplitude of lateral head displacement values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in GSH than the cysteine and control groups. Post-thaw plasmalemma integrity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in GSH group when compared to cysteine and control groups. The loss of acrosomal integrity was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in GSH than in cysteine and control groups. Addition of GSH non-significantly (p = 0.1) improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (per cent) than control group. This study indicates that the addition of cysteine and GSH suggestive (p = 0.08) of reducing lipid peroxide levels. The conception rate (%) in glutathione group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in cysteine (68 vs 58) and control (49) groups. The post-thaw sperm progressive forward motility (r = 0.4) had moderate, but no significant correlation with conception rate. However, post-thaw straight-line velocity (r = 0.7), loss of acrosomal integrity (r = -0.8) and MMP (r = 0.9) had significant (p < 0.05) correlation with field fertility. This study indicates that the use of glutathione as semen additive may be used for improving post-thaw semen quality and overall augmentation of pregnancy in cows.  相似文献   

Effect of human interferon on vesicular stomatitis virus released from bovine embryonic kidney cells     

S A Harrell  R K Maheshwari  S B Mohanty  R M Friedman 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(4):565-568

Human lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN) had an antiviral activity in bovine embryonic kidney cells that resulted in the release of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles with decreased infectivity. The inhibition was dose dependent and the cells were highly sensitive to human IFN. Examination of the proteins of VSV released from bovine cells after IFN treatment showed a reduction in the glycoprotein. Electron microscopic studies revealed a large number of VSV particles with characteristic spike-like surface projections released from nontreated cells. There was a reduction in the number of mature virions produced in IFN-treated cells and the virions lacked the characteristic surface projections.  相似文献   

Experimental studies on Marek's disease in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)     

H K Pradhan  G C Mohanty  A Mukit  B Pattnaik 《Avian diseases》1987,31(2):225-233

Day-old quails experimentally infected with Marek's disease (MD) virus of quail origin developed lymphoid tumors. The severity of the disease increased considerably with serial passage. Tumor transplants could be made with cells derived from gross tumors in skeletal muscles, spleen cells, and blood from MD-affected quails. After five to six serial transplants, the tumor could not be transplanted further. Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) was demonstrated in lymphoid cells of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes of MD-affected quails. The MATSA of quail differed from the MATSA of chicken. Chickens were susceptible to MD virus isolated and propagated in quails.  相似文献   

Treatment of fracture in cattle--an experimental and clinical study     

J Mohanty  S C Ojha  A K Mitra  A C Das 《The Indian veterinary journal》1970,47(12):1118-1124

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