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Interactive effect of biochar size and organic amendments on methane consumption in a tropical vertisol 下载免费PDF全文
B. Kollah G. Dubey P. Parasai J. K. Saha S. Gangil S. R. Mohanty 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(1):52-59
Biochar (BC) application to agricultural soil has been proposed as an effective countermeasure to mitigate climate change. A laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to gain insight into the effectiveness of BC on methane (CH4) consumption in a tropical clayey vertisol. Except for the control treatment, BC of two different sizes (<0.25 or 0.25–2.00 mm) was mixed with vermicompost (VC), poultry manure (PM) or farmyard manure (FYM). BC and organic amendment were added to soil at 10% w/w and 80 kg N/ha, respectively. BC increased CH4 consumption rate, k, in soil, irrespective of organic amendment type. The CH4 consumption potential of soil was greater with the smaller size BC (<0.25 mm). Of the three organic amendments, VC exhibited the highest k (0.105) followed by FYM (0.093) and PM (0.072). BC (<0.25 mm) + PM was the most effective of the organic amendments in enhancing CH4 consumption (k = 0.242). The lag phase varied between 7.3 day (control) and 1.0 day (soil + VC). Results revealed that there was a significant (P < 0.0001) effect of organic amendment and BC on CH4 consumption, CO2 production and microbial abundance. Cumulative CO2 production (mg/g soil) varied between 2.15 (control) and 8.77 (soil + PM + BC < 0.25 mm). Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant correlation between CH4 consumption and methanotrophs abundance (P < 0.001). The study shows that BC enhanced CH4 consumption potential in agricultural land on a tropical vertisol, particularly using the smaller size (<0.25 mm), and could be an effective strategy to mitigate atmospheric CH4. 相似文献
94.
The present investigation focuses on the effect of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of sisal fiber (SF) reinforced recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites. The surface of sisal fiber was modified using different chemicals such as silane, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and O-hydroxybenzene diazonium chloride (OBDC) to improve the compatibility between fiber surface and polymer matrix. The experimental results revealed an improvement in the tensile strength to 11 %, 20 % and 31.36 % and impact strength to 78.72 %, 77 % and 81 % for silane, GMA and OBDC treated sisal fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene (RPP/SF) composites respectively as compared to RPP. The thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and heat deflection temperature (HDT) results revealed improved thermal stability as compared with RPP. The morphological analysis through scanning electron micrograph (SEM) supports improves surface interaction between fiber surface and polymer matrix. 相似文献
95.
Xenobiotics-mediated environmental stress is an important determining factor in the maintenance of fish health as fishes are
frequently exposed to such components. Increasing evidences indicate that acute and chronic xenobiotic exposure modulates
ROS production, suppresses immune response and increase the incidence of fish diseases. In the present context an attempt
has been made to study the in vivo effect of different concentrations of CuSO4 (0.5, 1.00 or 2.00 ppm) on lipid peroxidation (an index of oxidative stress) and non enzymatic antioxidant status (glutathione
and Ascorbic acid), in the muscle of a widely consumed freshwater fish Labeo rohita. From the out come of this study it is concluded that comparatively low dose of copper (0.5 ppm) induce mild oxidative stress
in the experimental fish with concomitant elevation of GSH and AsA content of the muscle. However, high concentration of CuSO4 (2.00 ppm) in the ambient water leads to severe oxidative stress manifested in the form of LPX and morphoanatomical alteration. 相似文献
96.
Patnaik Siddhi Sahoo Lakshman Mohanty Mausumee Bit Amrita Meher Prem Kumar Das Sachidananda Jayasankar Pallipuram Saha Jatindra Nath Das Paramananda 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2021,47(5):1353-1367
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor which plays a pivotal role in regulating the reproduction in vertebrates... 相似文献
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98.
Investment decision model for drip irrigation system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ramesh?C.?SrivastavaEmail author Harish?C.?Verma Sheelabhadra?Mohanty Saroj?K.?Pattnaik 《Irrigation Science》2003,22(2):79-85
Drip irrigation is becoming popular in India although the decision to shift to drip irrigation from surface irrigation is not backed up by solid economic factors. It is not that the factors do not justify the shift, but that insufficient study has been done to document the conditions under which a change is justified. The investment decision for shifting to drip irrigation will depend upon many factors; including cost of cultivation, productivity, yield gain factor, cost of produce, electricity charges, depth of groundwater and irrigation requirement. These parameters vary from crop to crop, place to place, size of plot, and farmer to farmer. Therefore a sweeping recommendation suitable for all conditions cannot be made. In view of this, a software program has been developed for estimating the threshold economic value of the investment cost of drip irrigation. In addition to the threshold value of investment cost, the software provides information on energy consumption and net return. The software can be used both for annual crops such as sugarcane or seasonal crops such as vegetable rotations (winter–summer). To demonstrate the interdependence of various input parameters, an analysis has been made using local data in this software. The analysis has provided the relationship between the investment cost and the yield gain factor, the returns from the crop, as well as the savings in energy and the size of the prime mover with regard to the size of the farm. 相似文献
99.
Tillage and residue management practices are known to affect seedling emergence and growth. However, information on direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rice–wheat (Triticum spp.) cropping system is lacking. Thus a study was undertaken under different tillage (conventional and zero tillage) and residue (residue-retained and removed) management options on rice seedling emergence and growth in rice–wheat system on a Vertisol of Central India. Seedling emergence was greater in residue removed plots compared to residue-retained one. Prediction of rice seedling emergence with the France and Thornley [Mathematical Models in Agriculture and Related Sciences, Butterworths, London, 1984] model and growth by the Logistic and Gompertz model, and Monomolecular model were also attempted. Emergence indicators showed that seedling emergence of rice was favored more by conventional tillage than zero tillage in wheat. Of the three models tested, the Gompertz model gave the best fit. The effect of tillage and residue of wheat on the estimated parameters of the models were also studied. 相似文献
100.
We investigated the effects of the biodegradable polymers jute, Biopol and BAK 2195 and their composites on the mineralisation activity and biomass of microorganisms in soil and on the fungal component of the microbial community. Two different pre-treatments of jute were used to produce the composites, treatment of the fibres with sodium hydroxide (SH-jute) and co-polymerisation with acrylonitrile (AN-jute). All products tested were highly degradable, as indicated by the increase in CO2 evolution after amendment. The additional amount of CO2-C evolved after polymer incorporation into the soil corresponded to between 21% and 34% of the added C after 85 days incubation at 25°C. The extra CO2-C evolved decreased in the order BAK > jute > Biopol. Composites of AN-jute were less mineralisable than those of SH-jute. Degradation of jute is characterised by a rapid increase, then a slow decline of microbial respiratory activity. In contrast, in the Biopol treatments, and especially in the BAK treatments, maximum CO2 evolution rates occurred considerably later, indicating that the soil microorganisms needed some time to colonise the polymer particles. All polymers and composites tested increased the soil microbial biomass in the order jute h Biopol < BAK. The net increase in microbial biomass C was 3% of the added polymer C in the jute treatment, an average of 4% in the three Biopol treatments, and 7% in the three BAK treatments. The content of ergosterol, an indicator for fungal biomass, was also increased by all amendments, but the effect on ergosterol content was much more pronounced than on microbial biomass C. 相似文献