Aclonifen targets solanesyl diphosphate synthase,representing a novel mode of action for herbicides     

Sabine Kahlau  Florian Schrder  Jrg Freigang  Bernd Laber  Gudrun Lange  Daniel Passon  Sabrina Kleeßen  Marc Lohse  Arno Schulz  Pascal von Koskull‐Dring  Sebastian Klie  Sascha Gille 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3377-3388

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Integrating local knowledge into soil science to improve soil fertility     

Sougueh Cheik  Pascal Jouquet 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):561-564

Environmental changes are threatening current and future food security. In this context, it is imperative to design agricultural systems that are resilient to increasing frequent climate shocks, losses in biodiversity and soil fertility and to increasing demand from our societies because of population growth and consumption patterns. The emergence of sustainability science reminds us that soil management cannot be successfully approached by the independent actions of individual categories of actors, namely soil researchers or agronomists. Therefore, we advocate for more holistic and transdisciplinary research that takes into account the social, cultural, environmental and economic impacts of agricultural practices. Using examples of agricultural practices that aim to use the activity of termites to improve the services delivered by ecosystems (e.g. the Zai system), rather than considering them pests and trying to eradicate them from lands, we discuss the interest of traditional agricultural practices as sources of inspiration for soil scientists and for the identification of tomorrow's agricultural practices.  相似文献   

Using otolith microchemistry to reconstruct habitat use of American eels Anguilla rostrata in the St. Lawrence River–Lake Ontario system          下载免费PDF全文

José Benchetrit  Mélanie Béguer‐Pon  Pascal Sirois  Martin Castonguay  John Fitzsimons  Julian J. Dodson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(1):19-33

Catadromy among freshwater eels is increasingly recognised as being facultative, with some individuals carrying out growth exclusively in brackish or coastal marine waters, or switching between brackish or marine waters and freshwater habitats. In an attempt to reconstruct habitat use of yellow‐stage American eels in a large river‐lake ecosystem, trace element line scans were obtained, using LA‐ICP‐MS, from the otoliths of 110 eels sampled at various locations throughout the St. Lawrence River–Lake Ontario (SLRLO) system. Elemental profiles for strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn) and magnesium (Mg) enabled us to distinguish three chemical signatures that appear to represent three distinct habitats within the SLRLO. Of these, one was shown to likely correspond to the brackish estuary (high strontium values). The other two signatures, characterised by low strontium but variable concentrations of barium and manganese, may correspond to habitats within the main‐stem St. Lawrence River and one or more of its tributaries. Most (78%) of the switches among habitats occurred within the first four years after recruitment suggesting an increasing likelihood for eels to maintain residence in one habitat as they grow older. This suggests that tributaries may provide important habitats for American eels during the first several years after recruiting to the SLRLO. In addition, our results suggest that a small proportion American eels in the SLRLO can undertake movements on the order of at least 200 km during the early growth stage. This information has important implications for the management and conservation of this species in the system.  相似文献   

Determination of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate assimilation by postlarval whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei using stable 13C isotope tracing     

Gladys Ludevese‐Pascual  Farhana Ahmed  Marleen De Troch  Edgar Amar  Joseph Leopoldo Laranja  Samuel Bode  Pascal Boeckx  Peter Bossier  Peter De Schryver 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2021,52(1):184-194

A preliminary study was conducted to demonstrate fate of the bacterial storage compound poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) once ingested and degraded in vivo in crustaceans. The 2% supplementation of ¹³C‐labeled Ralstonia eutropha DSM545 containing 75% PHB on dry weight in postlarval whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei resulted in consistent enrichment of two fatty acids (containing 14–24 carbons [C] in length ) pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) in all lipid fractions. This could indicate that ¹³C signal may not only originate from the PHB but partly from the structural components of the bacterial cell. There was a trend of lower ¹³C enrichment in various lipid fractions of the postlarvae as compared to the diet. These findings may have important implications as to potential of PHB as energy source rather than as building block. There was a rapid transfer of ¹³C in the postlarvae as seen by the significant ¹³C enrichment in the tissues 4 hr after feeding with labeled bacterial cells. Overall, the assimilation of PHB in crustacean tissues is demonstrated for the first time. Our results indicate that PHB once ingested is rapidly assimilated in the tissues and could probably act as an energy source rather than as a building block.  相似文献   

Leaf photosynthetic traits of 14 tropical rain forest species in relation to leaf nitrogen concentration and shade tolerance     

Coste S  Roggy JC  Imbert P  Born C  Bonal D  Dreyer E 《Tree physiology》2005,25(9):1127-1137

Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and mass-based leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relative N allocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leaf N invested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity. We also used PCA to test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA. We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leaf N concentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species.  相似文献   

Differential scanning calorimetry characterization of the cure of phenol-formaldehyde adhesive in the presence of copper-based preservative treated wood     

Haihong Jiang  D. Pascal Kamdem 《Wood Science and Technology》2007,41(8):637-644

The interference of copper based preservative treated southern yellow pine (SYP) on the cure of phenol-formaldehyde adhesives was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Copper preservatives used in this study include copper azole (NS), alkali copper quat (ACQ)-type C (NW). Three commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives used for oriented strand board (OSB) face area, core area and a plywood adhesive were studied. The curing peak temperature and peak time of OSB core and face PF resin shifted to higher temperature and duration in the presence of CCA, NS, and NW-treated SYP compared to that in untreated SYP. The above treatments interfere with the cure of OSB core and face PF resin. Untreated SYP showed a curing accelerating effect on the cure of plywood adhesive, but the accelerating effect of copper-treated SYP on the cure of plywood resin was not significant.  相似文献   

Phosphatase PTEN in chicken muscle is regulated during ontogenesis     

Vaudin P  Dupont J  Duchêne S  Audouin E  Crochet S  Berri C  Tesseraud S 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2006,31(2):123-140

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Preoperative immunosuppressive therapy and surgery as a treatment for anal furunculosis     

Klein A  Deneuche A  Fayolle P  Hidalgo A  Scotti S  Zylberstein L  Desbois C  Tessier D  Moissonnier P  Viateau V 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(8):759-768

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of combining preoperative immunosuppressive therapy with surgical excision for treatment of anal furunculosis (AF) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n=25) with stages 1-4 AF. METHODS: Preoperative immunosuppressive therapy was either cyclosporine A (CyA) alone or in combination with ketoconazole (Group 1; n=18), or azathioprine combined with prednisolone (Group 2; n=7). Surgical excision of residual draining tracts, cryptectomy, and anal sacculectomy were performed. Only dogs with postoperative clinical follow-up exceeding 9 months were retained for the study. RESULTS: Both immunosuppressive protocols were effective in reducing progression of AF. Subsequent draining tracts excision, cryptectomy, and anal sacculectomy were bilateral (12 dogs) or unilateral (13 dogs of which 4 had bilateral anal sacculectomy). Postoperative recovery was uneventful, except for 2 dogs that had wound breakdown. Recurrence was not observed in any of the dogs that had bilateral surgical excision and or in 9 dogs that had unilateral excision. CONCLUSION: Preoperative immunosuppressive therapy, combined with bilateral surgical resection of affected tissue consistently, resulted in resolution of AF. Four dogs that had recurrence had unilateral excision despite initial bilateral involvement, suggesting that all diseased tissue should be excised. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These preliminary results suggest that immunosuppressive therapy before surgical excision for AF yields minimizes recurrence in dogs.  相似文献   

New strategy for the survey of Toxoplasma gondii in meat for human consumption     

Villena I  Durand B  Aubert D  Blaga R  Geers R  Thomas M  Perret C  Alliot A  Escotte-Binet S  Thébault A  Boireau P  Halos L 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,183(3-4):203-208

Monitoring of Toxoplasma infection in animals destined for human consumption is a great challenge for human toxoplasmosis prevention. This study aimed to compare results obtained from a naturally infected population of sheep using different tests and targeting an original matrix: meat samples and muscle fluids collected at the slaughterhouse. A commercial ELISA test was performed on diaphragm fluids from 419 ovine carcasses collected at the slaughterhouse. A MAT (modified agglutination test) was performed on heart fluids obtained from the same animals. In addition, all hearts were bioassayed in mice. Serological test agreement, the relative sensitivity of ELISA MAT and mouse bioassay as well as a correlation between titres and parasite isolation probability were statistically evaluated. The overall agreement (kappa coefficient=0.64) of ELISA on diaphragm fluids and MAT on heart fluids is substantial and subsequently both tests can be used for epidemiological studies. Relative sensitivity was higher for MAT performed on cardiac fluids (90%) than ELISA on diaphragm fluid (61%). For both serological tests, relative sensitivity is lower in lambs younger than 12 months. Relative sensitivity of mouse inoculation was 42%. A significant correlation was obtained between increasing MAT titres and probability to isolate live parasite from the heart. When the fluid titre was higher than 1:16, parasites were isolated in 65% of cases. When it was lower, isolation failed in 95% of the cases. According to our results, cardiac fluids appear to be a relevant matrix for toxoplasmosis survey in meat.  相似文献   

Evidence-Based Practice? An Evolution Is Necessary for Bovine Practitioners,Teachers, and Researchers     

Jean-Michel Vandeweerd  Pascal Gustin  Sébastien Buczinski 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2012

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