Genetic diversity of livestock-associated MRSA isolates obtained from piglets from farrowing until slaughter age on four farrow-to-finish farms     

Marijke Verhegghe  Florence Crombé  Larissa J Pletinckx  Freddy Haesebrouck  Patrick Butaye  Lieve Herman  Marc Heyndrickx  Geertrui Rasschaert 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

During a previous longitudinal study, performed on four farrow-to-finish farms (A to D), samples were taken from twelve sows, their offspring, and the environment on various occasions over six months to study the MRSA presence. During the present study, a selection of the obtained MRSA isolates were typed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and SCCmec typing to study the genetic diversity of LA-MRSA isolates and to determine possible MRSA sources for pig(let)s. PFGE, spa typing, and SCCmec typing revealed the presence of one or few dominant genotype(s) per farm. In contrast, 212 MLVA types were detected on the four farms, forming one cluster on farm A, three on farm B, four on farm C and two on farm D. The genotype, found on farm A was unique for this farm. Farms B, C and D shared one cluster. In general, MLVA types from these clusters were isolated from piglets, sows, and the environment on various sampling events. Piglets carried MLVA types both related and unrelated to their mother sows’ MLVA types at farrowing and onwards. In conclusion, molecular typing revealed that within a farm one or a few dominant strain(s) are widespread. Potential MRSA sources for piglets were mother sows, the environment and other piglets.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0089-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Letter to the editor     

Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquacultural Engineering》1983,2(2):163

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Recent developments and improvements in ornamental fish packaging systems for air transport   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Lian Chuan Lim  Philippe Dhert  & Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(11):923-935

Current ornamental fish packaging systems are characterized by very high fish loading densities and high metabolic wastes in the transport water after shipment. They focus mainly on management of the quality of transport water. Recent studies using the guppy as a model fish showed that post‐shipment mortality could be reduced through enhancement of the stress resistance of the fish, and hence emphases should also be placed on the preparation of the fish for transport and recovery of the fish after shipment. Farmers can contribute significantly by applying nutritional prophylaxis before harvesting. Exporters may use the salinity stress test to identify fish lots of good quality for transport, apply health prophylaxis to eradicate parasites and optimize other techniques such as starvation of the fish or addition of salt to the transport water to enhance the stress resistance of the fish. Importers may adopt proper acclimation procedure and allow fish to recover in low salinity water to reduce post‐shipment mortality. As the main bulk of post‐shipment mortality is stress‐mediated and occurs during the 1‐week recovery period, the industry should consider revising the basis of the current warranty system for their customers, from death on arrival to cumulative mortality at 7 days post shipment (or death after 7 days, DA7), in order to cut down fish losses after shipment.  相似文献   

A synthesis of the life history and ecology of juvenile Pacific herring in Prince William Sound,Alaska     

Brenda L. Norcross  Evelyn D. Brown  Robert J. Foy  Michele Frandsen  Shelton M. Gay  Thomas C. Kline  Doran M. Mason  E. Vincent Patrick  A. J. Paul  Kevin D. E. Stokesbury 《Fisheries Oceanography》2001,10(Z1):42-57

Physical and biological variables affecting juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound (PWS) from 1995 to 1998 were investigated as part of a multifaceted study of recruitment, the Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) program. Though more herring larvae were retained in eastern PWS bays, ages‐0 and ‐1 herring used bays throughout PWS as nursery areas. Water transported into PWS from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) contributed oceanic prey species to neritic habitats. Consequently, variations in local food availability resulted in different diets and growth rates of herring among bays. Summer food availability and possible interspecific competition for food in nursery areas affected the autumn nutritional status and juvenile whole body energy content (WBEC), which differed among bays. The WBEC of age‐0 herring in autumn was related to over‐winter survival. The limited amount of food consumption in winter was not sufficient to meet metabolic needs. The smallest age‐0 fish were most at risk of starvation in winter. Autumn WBEC of herring and winter water temperature were used to model over‐winter mortality of age‐0 herring. Differences in feeding and energetics among nursery areas indicated that habitat quality and age‐0 survival were varied among areas and years. These conditions were measured by temperature, zooplankton abundance, size of juvenile herring, diet energy, energy source (GOA vs. neritic zooplankton), WBEC, and within‐bay competition.  相似文献   

Intestinal histological alterations in farmed red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) heavily infected by roundworms     

Cuadros  Ruben C.  Rivadeneyra  Norma L. S.  Flores-Gonzales  Anai  Mertins  Omar  Malta  Jose C.O.  Serrano-Martínez  M. Enrique  Mathews  Patrick D. 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(3):989-998

The farmed red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus is a valuative commercial fish widely exploited in fish farming. Histopathologic alterations in small intestine of this fish were associated with heavy roundworms infection. Of a total of thirty-five fish examined, all were parasitized with a prevalence of 100%, intensity of 290–6403, and mean intensity of infection of 4467.5 parasites per fish. According to the morphological features of whole nematodes examined using light and electronic microscopy, the parasite was identified as Rondonia rondoni Travassos. Rev Vet e Zoot 10, 59–70; 1920. The fish intestinal tissue alterations include fusion of villi, edema, disorganization of epithelial cells, epithelial abrasion, and flaking of the villus at mucosa layer level and submucosa layer with some regions of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltrate. This is the first report of histopathological alterations caused by infection of the atractid nematode R. rondoni in a farmed population of P. brachypomus in the Peruvian Amazon. The study points out the need of improving the strategies of parasitic prevention and control in order to better prevent future disease outbreaks.

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Automation in stock-culture maintenance and juvenile separation of the mysid Mysidopsis bahia (molenock)     

Philippe Léger  Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquacultural Engineering》1982,1(1):45-53

A batch system with subgravel filter for stock-culture maintenance of Mysidopsis bahia in artificial sea water is described. The feeding of mysids on Artemia is optimized through the cyclic pumping of brine shrimp instar I nauplii from a refrigerator to the stock-cultures. An easily constructed incubator-separator apparatus is described for the standardized harvesting of mysid juveniles to be used as test organisms.  相似文献   

Thyroid gland development in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858) during early life stages: A histochemical and immunohistochemical approach     

J.B. Ortiz Delgado  N.M. Ruane  P. Pouso-Ferreira  M.T. Dinis  C. Sarasquete 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):346-356

A key to success in the culture of marine fish species is the mass production of high quality fry, a process largely dependent on successful first feeding and normal development and growth of fish larvae. In this regard it is important to examine the structural and functional development of the endocrine system (pituitary, thyroid, interrenal glands) during early ontogeny of marine fish. Particularly, the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃), influence numerous metabolic processes, such as growth, differentiation, metamorphosis, reproduction, respiration, migratory behaviour, central nervous system activity, seasonal adaptation, etc. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the development of the thyroid gland and the ontogeny appearance of the thyroid hormones in Solea senegalensis larvae by means of histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The first thyroid follicle was present at 4 days-post-hatch (dph) coinciding with first feeding. During metamorphosis (12–20 dph) the follicles increased in both number and size, and by 30 dph presented the same characteristics as that seen in adult fish. Tissue immunostaining of both thyroid hormones decreased during the endogenous larvae development to nearly undetectable levels at the completion of yolk-sac absorption. During larvae exogenous phase, T₃ and T₄ immunostaining was first detected by 6 dph and an increase of specific staining for both hormones was detected between 12 and 20 dph, during metamorphosis phase.  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ABDOMINAL ESOPHAGUS AND CARDIA IN DOGS     

Guillaume Gory  Delphine N. Rault  Laure Gatel  Claire Dally  Patrick Belli  Laurent Couturier  Eddy Cauvin 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(5):552-560

Differential diagnoses for regurgitation and vomiting in dogs include diseases of the gastroesophageal junction. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to describe ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and gastric cardia in normal dogs and dogs with clinical disease involving this region. A total of 126 dogs with no clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease and six dogs with clinical diseases involving the gastroesophageal junction were included. For seven euthanized dogs, ultrasonographic features were also compared with gross pathology and histopathology. Cardial and abdominal esophageal wall thicknesses were measured ultrasonographically for all normal dogs and effects of weight, sex, age, and stomach filling were tested. Five layers could be identified in normal esophageal and cardial walls. The inner esophageal layer was echogenic, corresponding to the cornified mucosa and glandular portion of the submucosa. The cardia was characterized by a thick muscularis, and a transitional zone between echogenic esophageal and hypoechoic gastric mucosal layers. Mean (±SD) cardial wall thicknesses for normal dogs were 7.6 mm (±1.6), 9.7 mm (±1.8), 10.8 mm (±1.6), 13.3 mm (±2.5) for dogs in the <10 kg, 10–19.9 kg, 20–29.9 kg and ≥30 kg weight groups, respectively. Mean (±SD) esophageal wall thicknesses were: 4.1 mm (±0.6), 5.1 mm (±1.3), 5.6 mm (±1), and 6.4 mm (±1.1) for the same weight groups, respectively. Measurements of wall thickness were significantly correlated with dog weight group. Ultrasonography assisted diagnosis in all six clinically affected dogs. Findings supported the use of transabdominal ultrasonography as a diagnostic test for dogs with suspected gastroesophageal disease.  相似文献   

3 TESLA MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE OCCIPITOATLANTOAXIAL REGION IN THE NORMAL HORSE     

Beatriz Gutiérrez‐Crespo  Patrick R. Kircher  Ines Carrera 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(3):278-285

The aim of this study was to describe the appearance of the ligamentous structures of the occipitoatlantoaxial (OAA) region in the normal horse by 3 tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI images of the longitudinal odontoid ligament, tectorial membrane, dorsal and ventral atlantoaxial ligaments, dorsal atlantooccipital membrane with its reinforcing ligaments, and the lateral atlantooccipital ligaments of 10 horse cadavers were evaluated. All ligaments and membranes were identified in all planes, except for the lateral atlantooccipital ligament in the sagittal plane due to its cranioventrolateral course. All were iso to mildly hypointense to musculature of the neck in T1W with the exception of the tectorial membrane that was moderately hypointense; moderately hypointense in PD‐SPIR, and markedly hypointense (isointense to cortical bone) in T2W. The PD‐SPIR was the best sequence to identify all ligaments and membranes from their cranial and caudal attachments. The longitudinal odontoid ligament, ventral atlantoaxial ligament, and reinforcing bands of the dorsal atlantooccipital membrane presented a characteristic striped heterogeneous signal behavior thought to be due to fibrocartilaginous content. The remaining ligaments and membranes showed homogeneous signal intensity. Special anatomical features in this species such as the fan‐shaped longitudinal odontoid ligament, absence of the transverse ligament and presence of the ventral atlantoaxial ligament were documented. Ligamentous structures that stabilize the equine OAA region were described with MRI in this study and these findings could serve as an anatomic reference for those cases where instability of this region is suspected.  相似文献   

Species concepts and speciation of fishes: concluding remarks     

Jay R Stauffer Jr    Patrick M Kocovsky  & Renea A Ruffing 《Fish and Fisheries》2002,3(3):230-232

The definition of the species category has stimulated more debate than perhaps any other topic in the biological sciences. There are currently more than 22 different species concepts and the debate continues on which concepts apply to all organisms, which concepts are operational and which concepts should be used in specific circumstances. The first major division of the types of concepts depends on whether one views species as constructs that exist for ordering biodiversity and information retrieval (i.e. classes), or views species as ontological individuals that exist in nature. If species are categories that can be defined, then theoretically, a single species can arise more than once in different places or at different times. If, on the other hand, species are individuals, then they are historical events, monophyletic and each species is unique.  相似文献