Testing two Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains for their suitability as a lipoid probiotic     

Marsalková S  Cízek M  Vasil' M  Bomba A  Nad' P  Datelinka I  Jonecová Z  Rimková S  Kalinácová V  Styriak I  Bugarský A  Gréserová G 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(3-4):145-147

Two strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus T-135 and Lactobacillus plantarum 4/97) were selected in order to study their inhibitory properties against frequent udder pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus pumilus), their production of organic acids as well as their ability to survive on the teat skin, the teat duct mucosa and in a lipoid emulsion. Both strains inhibited the tested pathogenic microbes and survived on the investigated surfaces and in an emulsion for more than 6 hours and 11 days, respectively.  相似文献   

Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the absorptive capacity and paracellular permeability of the small intestine in neonatal calves     

Klein P  Kleinová T  Volek Z  Simůnek J 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,152(1-2):53-59

Cryptosporidium parvum is recognized as one of the most important pathogens causing enteritis and severe diarrhoea in calves up to 1 month of age. Although the infection may be responsible for some mortality, its impact is mainly associated with the impairment of intestinal functions and lower performance of animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryptosporidiosis on the intestinal functions in neonatal experimentally infected Holstein calves. Absorption tests with d-xylose and retinyl-palmitate, and the lactulose/mannitol test of intestinal permeability were simultaneously performed in 1-week intervals from challenge to full recovery. In infected animals, reduced intestinal absorptive capacity for both D-xylose and retinyl-palmitate was observed on day 7 post-infection (p.i.). At the same time, a more than 100% elevation of intestinal permeability was observed in the infected calves. All intestinal functions, except absorption of retinyl-palmitate, were significantly affected and changes were detected up to day 14 p.i. In contrast, results of all tests obtained on day 21 p.i. suggest full recovery of the infected intestine. Significantly, growth of the calves which had recovered from cryptosporidiosis was still affected between days 14 and 21 p.i.  相似文献   

Cytokine mRNA expression in porcine cell lines stimulated by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli     

Pavlova B  Volf J  Alexa P  Rychlik I  Matiasovic J  Faldyna M 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(1-2):105-110

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an extracellular bacterium that causes post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets with different severity of clinical signs. The pathogenesis of ETEC is ascribed to the effect of enterotoxins. ETEC colonizes ileum and probably can penetrate the epithelium and stimulate macrophages. The aim of study was to examine whether there is any difference in cytokine response in vitro produced by two porcine cell lines, intestinal epithelial cell line (IPI-2I) and macrophage cell line (3D4/31) after stimulation with different serotypes of ETEC associated with different clinical course of PWD in piglets. Three serotypes, O149:K88 (F4), O147:F18 and O8:K88, were used. We observed that all the used serotypes were unable to induce IL-8 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in IPI-2I cell line as measured by the real-time RT-PCR. In 3D4/31 cell line, we detected differences in cytokine response among the used serotypes. The highest IL-8 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in 3D4/31 was detected after stimulation with serotype O149:K88 frequently associated with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.  相似文献   

Connectivity measures: a review   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

Pavel Kindlmann  Francoise Burel 《Landscape Ecology》2008,23(8):879-890

One of the central problems in contemporary ecology and conservation biology is the drastic change of landscapes induced by anthropogenic activities, resulting in habitat loss and fragmentation. For many wild living species, local extinctions of fragmented populations are common and recolonization is critical for regional survival. Successful recolonization depends on the availability of dispersing individuals and the degree of landscape connectivity. The obvious implications of landscape connectivity for conservation biology have led to a proliferation of connectivity measures. However, general relationships between landscape connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, and so are the relationships between different connectivity metrics. Consequently, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately characterize the landscape with an emphasis on the underlying processes. Here we review various definitions of landscape connectivity, explain their mathematical connotations, and make some unifying conclusions and suggestions for future research.  相似文献   

Preventive and therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone-lactate against Cryptosporidium parvum in spontaneously infected calves: a centralised, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study     

Klein P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(3):429-431

The preventive and therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone-lactate (HFL) against Cryptosporidium parvum was evaluated in a study conducted from November 2004 to March 2005 on a dairy farm in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic, using 260 spontaneously infected calves. HFL (0.1 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days to 1-day-old and 8-day-old calves, respectively. In both treated groups the drug significantly, and in almost the same manner, decreased the intensity of diarrhoea (P<0.001) and faecal oocyst count (P<0.001) when compared to corresponding placebo groups. The only difference between both treated groups was the time of onset of symptoms of the infection. Over time, the clinical pattern of cryptosporidiosis in the animals treated at 8-14 days of age was similar to that seen in the groups receiving the placebo. In contrast, infection in the preventively treated group peaked about 10 days later but with the same intensity. The results of this study confirm the anticryptosporidial activity of HFL in calves, but show that the outcome of infection following preventive treatment is comparable to that observed in calves treated after the onset of symptoms.  相似文献   

Patterns of Fraxinus angustifolia in an alluvial old-growth forest after declines in flooding events     

David Janík  Dušan Adam  Libor Hort  Kamil Král  Pavel Šamonil  Pavel Unar  Tomáš Vrška 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(2):215-228

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Tree species identity mediates mechanisms of top soil carbon sequestration in a Norway spruce and European beech mixed forest     

Enrique Andivia  Victor Rolo  Mathieu Jonard  Pavel Formánek  Quentin Ponette 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(2):437-447

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Impact of Anions,Cations, and pH on Manganese Accumulation and Toxicity in the Green Alga Scenedesmus quadricauda     

Pavel Švec  Jozef Kováčik  Josef Hedbavný  Petr Babula  Gabriela Rotková  Bořivoj Klejdus 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(5):161

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Phytochemical and antimicrobial characterization of Macleaya cordata herb     

Pavel Kosina  Jana Gregorova  Jiri Gruz  Jan Vacek  Milan Kolar  Mathias Vogel  Werner Roos  Kathrin Naumann  Vilim Simanek  Jitka Ulrichova 《Fitoterapia》2010,81(8):1006-1012

Macleaya cordata (plume poppy) is a source of bioactive compounds, mainly isoquinoline alkaloids which are used in phytopreparations with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, their dihydro derivatives, protopine and allocryptopine and phenolics, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids were determined in extracts prepared from M. cordata aerial part, seeds, and seed capsules using HPLC with UV detection and/or LC/MS with electrospray ionization. The highest content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine was found in capsules. Protopine and allocryptopine were major alkaloids in leaves including footstalks. The seed oil contained dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelerythrine and twelve fatty acids of which linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids predominated. In addition, sanguinarine reductase, a key enzyme in sanguinarine/dihydrosanguinarine equilibrium in plants, was found for the first time, in the soluble proteins of leaves. Finally, extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution method on standard reference bacterial strains.  相似文献   

Measurement of the field response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Musa</Emphasis> genotypes to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Radopholus Similis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicotylenchus Multicinctus</Emphasis> and the implications for nematode resistance breeding     

J. B. Hartman  D. Vuylsteke  P. R. Speijer  F. Ssango  D. L. Coyne  D. De Waele 《Euphytica》2010,172(1):139-148

Crop growth and damage parameters (plant growth and yield, root damage and nematode population densities), believed to be associated with resistance of Musa genotypes to nematodes under field conditions, were evaluated in a field trial of 24 Musa genotypes inoculated at planting with a combination of Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus with the objective to identify parameters with strong association with nematode resistance and high heritability. Correlation and path analysis of the association between plant growth, yield, root damage and nematode population densities showed a strong negative association between percentage dead roots, percentage root necrosis, R. similis and H. multicinctus population densities and yield. The strongest negative association was observed between percentage dead roots and yield. Broad-sense genotype heritability estimates demonstrated that heritability estimates for percentage dead roots, number of large lesions and nematode population density were most affected by inoculation with nematodes. These results indicate therefore that effective selection for nematode resistance under field conditions could be obtained by using an index, that includes percentage dead roots, the number of large lesions, and nematode population density.  相似文献