ACCURACY OF RADIOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF THE CRANIAL MARGIN OF THE DORSAL LAMINA OF THE CANINE SACRUM          下载免费PDF全文

Lauren M. Blume  Andrew J. Worth  Eli B. Cohen  Janis P. Bridges  Angela C. Hartman 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(6):579-588

An elongated sacral lamina has been described as one of the contributing factors for dogs with cauda equina syndrome due to degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS); however, published evidence is lacking on the accuracy of radiographic screening for the presence of this lesion. Objectives of this prospective, cross‐sectional cadaver study were to describe the accuracy and repeatability of detection of the cranial sacral lamina margin on plain lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral junction in dogs. Twenty‐five medium and large breed canine cadavers were radiographed before and after placement of a radiopaque hook in the cranial margin of the sacral lamina. Three independent evaluators placed digital markers at the perceived margin on preinterventional radiographs. The distance from perceived location to the true location on postinterventional radiographs was recorded for each dog and observer. A discordance threshold (distance between perceived and actual margin) of 1.5 mm was subjectively defined as clinically relevant. The three evaluators demonstrated good repeatability, although the accuracy for margin detection was only fair (mean discordance 1.7 mm). Evaluators demonstrated greater accuracy in identifying the landmark in juveniles (1.4 mm) vs. adults (1.8 mm; P < 0.01). Results of this study indicated that observer repeatability is good and accuracy is fair for correctly identifying the radiographic cranial margin of the sacral lamina in dogs. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting elongation of the sacral lamina in radiographs of dogs with suspected DLSS, especially adults.  相似文献   

Local variability of stand structural features in beech dominated natural forests of Central Europe: Implications for sampling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kamil Král  David Janík  Tomáš Vrška  Dušan Adam  Libor Hort  Pavel Unar  Pavel Šamonil 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Current knowledge of the within-site variability of major stand structural features in beech dominated natural forests is limited. Numerous studies have used just several small plots for characterizations of natural stands, but this may lead to generalizations based on unreliable results. This study shows how major stand structural features vary at the local scale, and how suitable sampling may reflect this variability. Stem position maps of three natural forests in the Czech Republic (Zofin 71 ha, Salajka 19 ha and Zakova hora 17 ha) were used. Each vector stem position map representing all live and dead trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm was intensively analyzed using square sample plots of different sizes (10 × 10 m; 20 × 20 m; 30 × 30 m; 50 × 50 m; 100 × 100 m; 140 × 140 m and 200 × 200 m). Basic statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, min., and max.) were calculated for every plot size and each of six major stand features: density, basal area and volume of living trees, volume of course woody debris, total volume and proportion of course woody debris in total volume.  相似文献   

Phytochemical and antimicrobial characterization of Macleaya cordata herb     

Pavel Kosina  Jana Gregorova  Jiri Gruz  Jan Vacek  Milan Kolar  Mathias Vogel  Werner Roos  Kathrin Naumann  Vilim Simanek  Jitka Ulrichova 《Fitoterapia》2010,81(8):1006-1012

Macleaya cordata (plume poppy) is a source of bioactive compounds, mainly isoquinoline alkaloids which are used in phytopreparations with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, their dihydro derivatives, protopine and allocryptopine and phenolics, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids were determined in extracts prepared from M. cordata aerial part, seeds, and seed capsules using HPLC with UV detection and/or LC/MS with electrospray ionization. The highest content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine was found in capsules. Protopine and allocryptopine were major alkaloids in leaves including footstalks. The seed oil contained dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelerythrine and twelve fatty acids of which linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids predominated. In addition, sanguinarine reductase, a key enzyme in sanguinarine/dihydrosanguinarine equilibrium in plants, was found for the first time, in the soluble proteins of leaves. Finally, extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution method on standard reference bacterial strains.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Developmental phases in a temperate natural spruce-fir-beech forest: determination by a supervised classification method     

Kamil Král  Tomáš Vrška  Libor Hort  Dušan Adam  Pavel Šamonil 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(3):353-351

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Measurement of the field response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Musa</Emphasis> genotypes to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Radopholus Similis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicotylenchus Multicinctus</Emphasis> and the implications for nematode resistance breeding     

J. B. Hartman  D. Vuylsteke  P. R. Speijer  F. Ssango  D. L. Coyne  D. De Waele 《Euphytica》2010,172(1):139-148

Crop growth and damage parameters (plant growth and yield, root damage and nematode population densities), believed to be associated with resistance of Musa genotypes to nematodes under field conditions, were evaluated in a field trial of 24 Musa genotypes inoculated at planting with a combination of Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus with the objective to identify parameters with strong association with nematode resistance and high heritability. Correlation and path analysis of the association between plant growth, yield, root damage and nematode population densities showed a strong negative association between percentage dead roots, percentage root necrosis, R. similis and H. multicinctus population densities and yield. The strongest negative association was observed between percentage dead roots and yield. Broad-sense genotype heritability estimates demonstrated that heritability estimates for percentage dead roots, number of large lesions and nematode population density were most affected by inoculation with nematodes. These results indicate therefore that effective selection for nematode resistance under field conditions could be obtained by using an index, that includes percentage dead roots, the number of large lesions, and nematode population density.  相似文献   

Frequency of a mutant allele of cytochrome b conferring resistance to Ool fungicides in the Czech population of Ramularia collo-cygni     

Matusinsky  Pavel  Svobodova-Leisova  Leona  Mariks  Pavel  Tvaruzek  Ludvik  Stemberkova  Lenka  Hanusova  Martina  Minarikova  Vera  Vysohlidova  Marketa  Spitzer  Tomas 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2010,117(6):248-252

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Ramularia collo-cygni (RCC) is a fungal pathogen infecting both spring and winter barley and causing Ramularia leaf spot (RLS). Fungicides based on...  相似文献   

The effect of tillage practice,input level and environment on the grain yield of winter wheat in the Czech Republic     

Václav Šíp  Pavel RůžekJana Chrpová  Radek VaveraHelena Kusá 《Field Crops Research》2009

The response of winter wheat grain yield to four variants of treatment (two input levels, combined with either conventional or reduced tillage) was tested over six seasons at three locations. These experiments with 10 and 12 winter wheat varieties were analysed within three experimental series. The environmental (location and season) effects on grain yield were large in all combinations of input level and tillage type, and the varieties responded differentially to both season and location. However, there was no varietal response either to the tillage system used, or to the level of nitrogen (and other inputs) supplied. The high input reduced tillage system (surface stubble-ploughing to a depth of 8–10 cm) resulted in all series in significantly higher grain yields than the equivalent conventional tillage system. The reduced tillage system combined with high input level delivered a yield advantage for all of the wheat varieties tested.  相似文献   

Size, shape and surface morphology of starch granules from Norway spruce needles revealed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy: effects of elevated CO(2) concentration     

Cabálková J  Pribyl J  Skládal P  Kulich P  Chmelík J 《Tree physiology》2008,28(10):1593-1599

We compared the effects of ambient (350 ppm) and elevated CO(2) concentration (700 ppm) on the size and shape of starch granules in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles during one growing season. Starch granules were isolated from needles by alkaline digestion and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Measurements made with a particle size analyzer indicated that starch granules ranged between 0.5 and 10 microm. Granule size and shape varied according to needle developmental stage and CO(2) concentration. Generally, elevated CO(2) concentration increased the size of the starch granules. Fine surface structures (< 10 nm in size) studied by AFM were characterized by the presence of protrusions, furrows and pores.  相似文献   

Tree species identity mediates mechanisms of top soil carbon sequestration in a Norway spruce and European beech mixed forest     

Enrique Andivia  Victor Rolo  Mathieu Jonard  Pavel Formánek  Quentin Ponette 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(2):437-447

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Patterns of Fraxinus angustifolia in an alluvial old-growth forest after declines in flooding events     

David Janík  Dušan Adam  Libor Hort  Kamil Král  Pavel Šamonil  Pavel Unar  Tomáš Vrška 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(2):215-228

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