LEGISLATION TO SUPPRESS TRUTH     

Hartman C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1922,55(1420):292-295

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THE INFLUENCE OF EPINEPHRIN AND OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM ON SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS AND CAPILLARIES     

Hartman FA  Evans JI  Walker HG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1927,65(1679):236

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Biosynthesis of a vasotocin-like peptide in cell cultures from pineal glands of human fetuses     

S Pavel  M Dorcescu  R Petrescu-Holban  E Ghinea 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,181(106):1252-1253

Cultured cells from pineal glands of human fetuses release into their media a substance that has antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities. The ratio of these activities as well as their susceptibility to tryptic digestion, specific oxidative inactivation by tyrosinase, and reductive inactivation by sodium thioglycollate, indicates the presence of a basic peptide, presumably identical with arginine vasotocin. The total amount of this peptide released into the culture media during 38 days of incubation is about ten times greater than the amount contained in nonincubated pineal glands from fetuses of the same age, strongly suggesting that fetal ependymal cells from the pineal gland can synthesize in vitro a peptide similar to arginine vasotocin.  相似文献   

Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts     

Gilbert MT  Tomsho LP  Rendulic S  Packard M  Drautz DI  Sher A  Tikhonov A  Dalén L  Kuznetsova T  Kosintsev P  Campos PF  Higham T  Collins MJ  Wilson AS  Shidlovskiy F  Buigues B  Ericson PG  Germonpré M  Götherström A  Iacumin P  Nikolaev V  Nowak-Kemp M  Willerslev E  Knight JR  Irzyk GP  Perbost CS  Fredrikson KM  Harkins TT  Sheridan S  Miller W  Schuster SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5846):1927-1930

Although the application of sequencing-by-synthesis techniques to DNA extracted from bones has revolutionized the study of ancient DNA, it has been plagued by large fractions of contaminating environmental DNA. The genetic analyses of hair shafts could be a solution: We present 10 previously unexamined Siberian mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) mitochondrial genomes, sequenced with up to 48-fold coverage. The observed levels of damage-derived sequencing errors were lower than those observed in previously published frozen bone samples, even though one of the specimens was >50,000 14C years old and another had been stored for 200 years at room temperature. The method therefore sets the stage for molecular-genetic analysis of museum collections.  相似文献   

In vivo activity against HIV and favorable toxicity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

R Yarchoan  H Mitsuya  R V Thomas  J M Pluda  N R Hartman  C F Perno  K S Marczyk  J P Allain  D G Johns  S Broder 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,245(4916):412-415

The purine analog 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), which has anti-retroviral activity in vitro was administered for up to 42 weeks to 26 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ten of these individuals were AZT-intolerant. Eight dose regimens were studied. The drug was orally bioavailable and penetrated into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Comparatively little evidence of an effect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was seen at the lowest four doses. However, patients in the four highest dose groups (ddI at 1.6 milligrams per kilogram intravenously and then greater than or equal to 3.2 milligrams per kilogram orally at least every 12 hours or higher) had increases in their circulating CD4+ T cells (P less than 0.0005), increased CD4/CD8 T cell ratios (P less than 0.01), and, where evaluable, more than an 80% decrease in serum HIV p24 antigen (P less than 0.05). The patients also had evidence of improved immunologic function, had reduced viremic symptomatology, and gained a mean of 1.6 kilogram with these comparatively infrequent dosing schedules (every 8 or 12 hours). The most notable adverse effects directly attributable to ddI administration at the doses used in this study included increases in serum uric acid (due to hypoxanthine release) and mild headaches and insomnia. These results suggest that serious short-term toxicity at therapeutic doses is not an inherent feature in the profile of agents with clinical anti-HIV activity. Further controlled studies to define the safety and efficacy of this agent may be worth considering.  相似文献   

Comment on "Protein sequences from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex revealed by mass spectrometry"     

Pevzner PA  Kim S  Ng J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5892):1040; author reply 1040

Asara et al. (Reports, 13 April 2007, p. 280) reported sequencing of Tyrannosaurus rex proteins and used them to establish the evolutionary relationships between birds and dinosaurs. We argue that the reported T. rex peptides may represent statistical artifacts and call for complete data release to enable experimental and computational verification of their findings.  相似文献   

Antiviral Potential of Sea Urchin Aminated Spinochromes against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1     

Natalia P. Mishchenko  Natalia V. Krylova  Olga V. Iunikhina  Elena A. Vasileva  Galina N. Likhatskaya  Evgeny A. Pislyagin  Darya V. Tarbeeva  Pavel S. Dmitrenok  Sergey A. Fedoreyev 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide requiring the search for new candidates for the creation of antiherpetic drugs. The ability of sea urchin spinochromes—echinochrome A (EchA) and its aminated analogues, echinamines A (EamA) and B (EamB)—to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and to reduce the virus-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. We found that spinochromes exhibited maximum antiviral activity when HSV-1 was pretreated with these compounds, which indicated the direct effect of spinochromes on HSV-1 particles. EamB and EamA both showed the highest virucidal activity by inhibiting the HSV-1 plaque formation, with a selectivity index (SI) of 80.6 and 50.3, respectively, and a reduction in HSV-1 attachment to cells (SI of 8.5 and 5.8, respectively). EamA and EamB considerably suppressed the early induction of ROS due to the virus infection. The ability of the tested compounds to directly bind to the surface glycoprotein, gD, of HSV-1 was established in silico. The dock score of EchA, EamA, and EamB was −4.75, −5.09, and −5.19 kcal/mol, respectively, which correlated with the SI of the virucidal action of these compounds and explained their ability to suppress the attachment and penetration of the virus into the cells.  相似文献   

Are species genetically more sensitive to habitat fragmentation on the periphery of their range compared to the core? A case study on the sand lizard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lacerta agilis</Emphasis>)     

Klaus Henle  Claudia Andres  Detlef Bernhard  Annegret Grimm  Pavel Stoev  Nikolay Tzankov  Martin Schlegel 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(1):131-145

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Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd from a contaminated agricultural soil using different EDTA application regimes: Laboratory versus field scale measures of efficiency   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner  Pavel Tlusto&#x;  Michael Komrek  Ji&#x;ina Szkov 《Geoderma》2008,144(3-4):446-454

Enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals using chelating agents and agricultural crops is widely discussed as a remediation technique for agricultural soils contaminated with low mobile heavy metals. In this study, phytoextraction efficiency of Zea mays after single and split applications of EDTA was tested on the laboratory and the field scale. EDTA effectively increased the mobility of target heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in the soil solution. Split applications provided generally lower water-soluble levels of Pb and Cd both in the pot and the field experiment. Therefore, the risk of groundwater contamination may be reduced after split applications. Higher Pb and Cd mobilisation after single applications increased plant stress, phytotoxicity and reduced plant dry above-ground biomass production compared to corresponding split doses. Single doses enhanced plant uptake of Pb and Cd and the phytoremediation efficiency compared to corresponding split doses. Results of plant dry above-ground biomass and heavy metal uptake obtained from the pot experiment could be to some extent verified in the field experiment. Plant uptake of Pb and Cd was lower and biomass production dropped after EDTA additions in the field experiment. Remediation factors in the field experiment were in general significantly lower than in the pot experiment mainly due to the much higher mass of soil per plant under field conditions. This highlights the limitations when going from the lab to the field scale. The low phytoremediation efficiency in the field and the mobilisation of high amounts of Pb and Cd down the soil profile may make the use of EDTA and Z. mays not suitable for the remediation of severely heavy metal contaminated soils in a reasonable time frame and may result in substantial groundwater pollution under used crop management.  相似文献   

Deep-Sea Anemones Are Prospective Source of New Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds     

Aleksandra Kvetkina  Elena Kostina  Irina Gladkikh  Victoria Chausova  Ekaterina Yurchenko  Irina Bakunina  Mikhail Pivkin  Stanislav Anastyuk  Roman Popov  Margarita Monastyrnaya  Emma Kozlovskaya  Marina Isaeva  Pavel Dmitrenok  Elena Leychenko 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

The peculiarities of the survival and adaptation of deep-sea organisms raise interest in the study of their metabolites as promising drugs. In this work, the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of tentacle extracts from five species of sea anemones (Cnidaria, orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) collected near the Kuril and Commander Islands of the Far East of Russia were evaluated for the first time. The extracts of Liponema brevicorne and Actinostola callosa demonstrated maximal hemolytic activity, while high cytotoxic activity against murine splenocytes and Ehrlich carcinoma cells was found in the extract of Actinostola faeculenta. The extracts of Corallimorphus cf. pilatus demonstrated the greatest activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells but were not toxic to mouse spleen cells. Sea anemones C. cf. pilatus and Stomphia coccinea are promising sources of antimicrobial and antifungal compounds, being active against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast Candida albicans. Moreover, all sea anemones contain α-galactosidase inhibitors. Peptide mass fingerprinting of L. brevicorne and C. cf. pilatus extracts provided a wide range of peptides, predominantly with molecular masses of 4000–5900 Da, which may belong to a known or new structural class of toxins. The obtained data allow concluding that deep-sea anemones are a promising source of compounds for drug discovery.  相似文献