Naturally occurring cataracts in the term fetal rat     

H A Hartman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1968,153(7):832-840

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Changes in the contents of some water-soluble vitamins in relation to the development of the microflora in the ruminal juice of ruminants on normal and semi-synthetic diets     

J Pavel  J Zák 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1969,23(1):65-74

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The future of training for aquatic animal health veterinarians     

Hartman KH  Yanong RP  Harms CA  Lewbart GA 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2006,33(3):389-393

This article describes educational approaches for training veterinary students, veterinary graduates, and practicing veterinarians in the area of aquatic animal health and lists a range of general research, training, internship/residency, and continuing-education resources.  相似文献   

Why are there so many species of herbivorous insects in tropical rainforests?     

Novotny V  Drozd P  Miller SE  Kulfan M  Janda M  Basset Y  Weiblen GD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5790):1115-1118

Despite recent progress in understanding mechanisms of tree species coexistence in tropical forests, a simple explanation for the even more extensive diversity of insects feeding on these plants has been missing. We compared folivorous insects from temperate and tropical trees to test the hypothesis that herbivore species coexistence in more diverse communities could reflect narrow host specificity relative to less diverse communities. Temperate and tropical tree species of comparable phylogenetic distribution supported similar numbers of folivorous insect species, 29.0 +/- 2.2 and 23.5 +/- 1.8 per 100 square meters of foliage, respectively. Host specificity did not differ significantly between community samples, indicating that food resources are not more finely partitioned among folivorous insects in tropical than in temperate forests. These findings suggest that the latitudinal gradient in insect species richness could be a direct function of plant diversity, which increased sevenfold from our temperate to tropical study sites.  相似文献   

Location of genes for common bunt resistance in the European winter wheat cv. Trintella     

Veronika Dumalasová  James Simmonds  Pavel Barto?  John Snape 《Euphytica》2012,186(1):257-264

The location of new genes for resistance to common bunt in wheat is valuable for gene pyramiding in breeding. For this purpose, the genetics of the relatively high level of resistance in the European winter wheat variety Trintella was investigated using a doubled haploid mapping population of a cross between Trintella and the susceptible variety Piko. The population was scored for bunt infection in the field for 2 years following inoculation with a mixture of teliospores of Tilletia tritici and T. laevis. A genetic map consisting of 29 linkage groups was constructed using polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. This map was used for QTL analysis, and in both years, results indicated that resistance to common bunt could mostly be attributed to a gene on chromosome 1B, near to the centromere and closest to marker Xgwm273 on the short arm. Additionally, in 2008, smaller QTL effects were ascribed to chromosomes 7A and 7B, and another smaller QTL effect to chromosome 5B in 2009 only.  相似文献   

FEASIBILITY FOR USING DUAL‐PHASE CONTRAST‐ENHANCED MULTI‐DETECTOR HELICAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO EVALUATE AWAKE AND SEDATED DOGS WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL SIGNS     

Miriam M. Shanaman  Susan K. Hartman  Robert T. O'Brien 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(6):605-612

Canine patients with acute abdominal signs are often clinically unstable and need a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Contrast‐enhanced multi‐detector computed tomography (CT) is the current modality of choice for evaluating acute abdominal pain in people. We hypothesized that contrast‐enhanced multi‐detector CT would be a feasible and safe technique for use in awake and lightly sedated dogs with acute abdominal signs. Eighteen client‐owned dogs were enrolled, all presenting with acute abdominal signs. Dogs were scanned using a dual‐phase protocol that included precontrast, arterial, and portal venous phases. Eight dogs were scanned awake and ten were given light sedation as chosen by the primary care clinician. Two observers who were unaware of clinical findings and sedation status scored image quality for each scan by consensus opinion. Mean serum creatinine in the sedated group was higher than in the awake group but was within the normal reference range. Other laboratory and physiologic measures did not differ between awake and sedated groups. No IV contrast‐related adverse reactions were seen. Median scan time for all patients was less than 10 min. Sixteen of 18 contrast‐enhanced multi‐detector CT scans were scored fair to excellent in diagnostic quality, with no statistical difference in diagnostic quality for awake vs. sedated patients. Causes for two poor quality diagnostic scans included severe beam hardening from previously administered barium contrast agent and severe motion artifacts. We conclude that dual‐phase contrast‐enhanced multi‐detector CT is a feasible and safe technique for evaluating awake and minimally sedated dogs presenting with acute abdominal signs.  相似文献   

Comparison of alfaxalone and propofol administered as total intravenous anaesthesia for ovariohysterectomy in dogs     

Suarez MA  Dzikiti BT  Stegmann FG  Hartman M 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(3):236-244

ObjectiveTo compare the anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone with propofol when used for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) during ovariohysterectomy in dogs.Study designA prospective non-blinded randomized clinical study.AnimalsFourteen healthy female crossbred bitches, aged 0.5–5 years and weight 16–42 kg.MethodsDogs were premedicated with acepromazine 0.01 mg kg^?1 and morphine 0.4 mg kg^?1. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with either propofol or alfaxalone to effect for tracheal intubation followed by an infusion of the same agent. Dogs breathed spontaneously via a ‘circle’ circuit, with oxygen supplementation. Cardiopulmonary parameters (respiratory and heart rates, end-tidal carbon dioxide, tidal volume, and invasive blood pressures) were measured continuously and recorded at intervals related to the surgical procedure. Arterial blood samples were analysed for blood gas values. Quality of induction and recovery, and recovery times were determined. Non-parametric data were tested for significant differences between groups using the Mann–Whitney U-test and repeatedly measured data (normally distributed) for significant differences between and within groups by anova.ResultsBoth propofol and alphaxalone injection and subsequent infusions resulted in smooth, rapid induction and satisfactory maintenance of anaesthesia. Doses for induction (mean ± SD) were 5.8 ± 0.30 and 1.9 ± 0.07 mg kg^?1 and for the CRIs, 0.37 ± 0.09 and 0.11 ± 0.01 mg kg^?1 per minute for propofol and alfaxalone respectively. Median (IQR) recovery times were to sternal 45 (33–69) and 60 (46–61) and to standing 74 (69–76) and 90 (85–107) for propofol and alphaxalone respectively. Recovery quality was good. Cardiopulmonary effects did not differ between groups. Hypoventilation occurred in both groups.Conclusions and clinical relevanceFollowing premedication with acepromazine and morphine, both propofol and alphaxalone produce good quality anaesthesia adequate for ovariohysterectomy. Hypoventilation occurs suggesting a need for ventilatory support during prolonged infusion periods with either anaesthetic agent.  相似文献   

Clinical Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis serovar lora infection in a stud farm in the Netherlands     

T. S. G. A. M. van den Ingh  E. G. Hartman  Z. Bercovich 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(3):175-182

Summary

A Leptospira interrogans serogroup australis serovar lora infection in a stud farm is reported. During three successive years (1984–1986) clinical leptospirosis with a severe often rapid, fatal course was seen in 12 foals.

Clinical examination revealed severe respiratory distress, depression and pyrexia. Other symptoms were diarrhea (2), jaundice (1), and an unsteady gait (1). Morphological characteristics of the disease were massive pulmonary haemorrhage and haemorrhagicthrombotic or extracapillary glomerulonephritis with tubulonephrosis and interstitial oedema. In most foals high or increasing MAT titres to serovar bratislava were found; from one foal Leptospira interrogans serovar lora was isolated.

Serological examination of all 56 mares at the farm (August 1986) revealed antibodies to serovar bratislava in 64 per cent of the animals. These findings support the idea that Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava and closely related strains (in this study serovar lora) may be adapted to and maintained by the horse population.  相似文献   

The Content of Amino Acids in Pasture Vegetation and Their Apparent Digestibility in 2-year-old Horses     

Eva Straková  Pavel Suchý  Ivan Král  David Zapletal  Ivan Herzig 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

Ten samples of plant vegetation and 10 samples of fresh excrement were taken from the same pasture area. The excrement were collected from 10 2-year-old Old Kladruber horses that received the pasture vegetation daily. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in pasture vegetation was determined by using the acid-insoluble ash marker method. In comparison with excrement, the pasture vegetation contained higher levels of Ser, Ala, Leu, and His and higher levels of Pro (P ≤ .01), Met (P ≤ .01), and Arg (P ≤ .05). The mean level of Ile in pasture vegetation was lower than in excrement (P ≤ .05). The apparent digestibility of amino acids from pasture vegetation was high for Pro and Met (86.75 and 89.39%), moderate for Ser, Ala, Leu, His, and Arg (68.61%-76%), and low for Asp, Thr, Glu, Gly, Val, Leu, Tyr, Phe, and Lys (56.15%-66.03%). The digestibility of lysine and Ile was relatively low (56.39% and 56.15%, respectively). The total content of nitrogen per dry matter was 10.98 ± 2.46 g/kg for pasture vegetation and 12.12 ± 2.38 g/kg for excrement, whereas the content of protein nitrogen was 7.20 ± 0.25 g/kg and 6.89 ± 0.21 g/kg of dry matter in pasture vegetation and excrement, respectively. This means that only 65.55% and 56.90% of N is bound in proteins in pasture vegetation and excrement, respectively. Non-protein nitrogen accounts for 34.45% in pasture vegetation and for 43.10% in excrement.  相似文献   

Effects of Metomidate Hydrochloride Sedation on Blood Glucose and Marketability of Transported Threespot Gourami Trichogaster trichopterus     

Tina C. Crosby  Jeffrey E. Hill  Kathleen H. Hartman  Roy P. E. Yanong 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(2):73-80

Abstract

Our objectives were to determine whether sedation with metomidate hydrochloride (hereafter, “metomidate”) during transportation of threespot gourami Trichogaster trichopterus would prevent an increase in blood glucose levels and improve fish marketability (i.e., based on appearance and behavior) in comparison with unsedated controls. Threespot gourami are obligate air-breathers that possess a labyrinth organ, enabling the fish to respire air above the water surface; these fish should be lightly sedated during transport. Fish were transported for approximately 24 h via truck and domestic airline. Blood was sampled at 0, 2, 6, and 12 h posttransportation, and appearance and behavior were observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h and 7 d posttransportation. Metomidate concentrations tested were 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/L. At the concentrations tested, metomidate neither inhibited elevations in blood glucose nor improved marketability. Fish that were transported with 0.3-mg/L metomidate were less marketable based on behavioral indices, and fish that were transported with 0.4-mg/L metomidate had higher glucose levels than control fish. Use of metomidate as a transport sedative for threespot gourami should be considered with caution and may be problematic at the concentrations tested; however, further research examining additional indices of stress may clarify metomidate use for this species.

Received February 16, 2011; accepted December 18, 2011.  相似文献