Characterization of selected Spanish table wine samples according to their biogenic amine content from liquid chromatographic determination     

Romero R  Sánchez-Viñas M  Gázquez D  Bagur MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(16):4713-4717

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Subcellular localization and isoenzyme pattern of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in beet root (Beta vulgaris L.)     

Escribano J  Gandía-Herrero F  Caballero N  Pedreño MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6123-6129

The two enzymes involved in enzymatic browning reactions, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO), have been partially purified and extracted from different fractions of beet root. PPO is mainly located in the membrane fraction, and it was also found in the soluble fraction. In both cases PPO was in its latent state. However, PO activity was higher in the soluble fraction than in the membrane fraction. Nevertheless, the highest values of specific activity for PO were obtained from the solubilized enzyme from acetone powders. Under native isoelectric focusing (IEF), several PPO isoenzymes were present in the pH range of 4.8-5.8. All of these isoenzymes shared a single band with a similar apparent mass under sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PO was also analyzed by IEF, showing a complex isoenzyme pattern in all fractions. The characteristic basic PO isoenzyme of high pI found in both the soluble fraction and the solubilized enzyme from acetone powders was not detected in the membrane fraction. The kinetic characterization of PPO and PO from all fractions was carried out.  相似文献   

水肥耦合条件下作物产量、水分利用和根系吸氮的试验研究   总被引：37，自引：6，他引：37  

沈荣开  王康  张瑜芳  杨路华  穆金元  赵立新 《农业工程学报》2001,17(5):35-38

根据1998～2000年两年在北京市水科所永乐店节水灌溉中心开展的冬小麦、夏玉米水肥耦合的田间试验成果的分析研究表明，氮肥效益的发挥与农田水分状况密切相关，低供水水平时(本研究中为冬小麦仅灌拔节水的节水灌溉处理)，肥料的增产效益十分显著，但氮肥贡献率随施肥量的增加而呈递减的趋势。不同的分析方法都表明，在永乐店节水灌溉中心，冬小麦施尿素400 kg/hm²和200 kg/hm²两个施肥水平的试验处理所获得的水(肥)分生产率最高(在不同农田供水状况下)，由于两者的水分生产率差异不大，为提高施肥效率，建议在生产上考虑选择200 kg/hm²的施肥方案较合理。  相似文献   

Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in honeybee by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry     

Fernández M  Picó Y  Girotti S  Mañes J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(8):3540-3547

Pesticides applied in extended agricultural fields may be controlled by means of bioindicators, such as honeybees, in which are the pesticides bioaccumulate. Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS) experiments with positive (PI) and negative (NI) ion modes were optimized for the analysis of 22 organophosphorus pesticides in honeybee samples. The extraction required 3 g of sample, which was extracted with acetone. The extract was purified with coagulating solution and reextracted with Cl(2)CH(2). Pesticides studied could be detected by both ionization modes except for parathion, parathion-methyl, and bromophos, which did not give signals in PI mode, and triazophos, which was not detected in NI mode. Fragmentation voltage and vaporizer temperature were optimized to achieve the highest sensitivity. The spectra profile of each pesticide in PI mode showed the [M + H](+) ion as the main signal, whereas in NI mode only fragment ions were shown. The detection limit obtained in selected ion monitoring mode ranged from 1 to 15 microg kg(-1). The average recoveries from spiked honeybees at various concentration levels (0.5-5 mg kg(-1)) exceeded 65% with relative standard deviations of 4-15%. The method was applied to real samples, in which residues of coumaphos and dimethoate were detected.  相似文献   

Microbial community structure in forest soils treated with a fire retardant     

M. Díaz-Raviña  E. Bååth  A. Martín  T. Carballas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(6):465-471

The influence of a fire retardant (Firesorb, an acrylic–acrylamide copolymer) on the microbial community structure determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was examined under laboratory conditions using two different textured soils under pine forest. Firesorb was added to unheated and heated soil samples (350°C for 10 min followed by reinoculation, to mimic a forest fire) at three levels of application (none, usual and three times the usual levels), and measurements were made after 12 weeks of incubation. The relative importance of the three factors considered on the PLFA profiles was as follows: soil heating ≫ soil texture ≈ Firesorb treatment. In the unheated soils, Firesorb had a larger effect than soil texture, while the opposite was found in the heated soils. Soil heating reduced the total PLFAs, while Firesorb tended to increase them in both the unheated and heated soils. Soil heating decreased the PLFAs indicative of gram-positive (G⁺) bacteria and tended to increase the fatty acids associated with gram-negative (G⁻) bacteria and, to a lesser extent, the PLFA 18:2ω6, considered to be predominantly of fungal origin. Firesorb treatment decreased the G⁻/G⁺ bacteria ratio in the heated soils but tended to increase it in the unheated soils, the effect being dose dependent.  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of the emulsifying properties of phosphatidylcholine after enzymatic acyl modification     

Vikbjerg AF  Rusig JY  Jonsson G  Mu H  Xu X 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(9):3310-3316

The ability of enzymatically synthesized structured phosphatidylcholine (PC) containing caprylic acid to form and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions prepared with different triglycerides [medium chain triglycerides (MCT), soybean oil, and enzymatically synthesized structured lipids] was examined and compared with natural soybean PC and deoiled lecithin. Emulsions were prepared with varying oil and emulsifier concentrations. The particle size distribution, creaming stability, and viscosity were measured for the evaluation of the emulsifying properties. With an increase in the oil concentration, there was an increase in particle size, viscosity, and creaming layer. With an increase in the phospholipid (PL) concentration, there was usually a decrease in particle size and an increase in viscosity, where the emulsion stability was increased. General emulsions prepared with structured lipids resulted in smaller particle sizes as compared to MCT and soybean oil. Deoiled lecithin was able to increase the viscosity more significantly and give smaller particle sizes as compared to the other emulsifiers, thus producing more stable emulsions. However, in certain cases, structured PC was superior to deoiled lecithin and soybean PC. This observation was made for emulsions prepared with soybean oil or structured lipid at an oil/water ratio of 10:90. At an oil/water ratio of 30:70, the deoiled lecithin performed better as compared to the other PLs with all oil types. However, structured PC produced more stable emulsions as compared to natural soybean PC in MCT and soybean oil.  相似文献   

唐山市沙流河镇水资源供需平衡优化分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张领先  傅泽田  王德成  刘雪  穆维松  张小栓 《农业工程学报》2005,21(4):38-42

运用系统论和线性目标规划法,结合唐山市沙流河镇实证研究,构建小城镇水资源供需平衡优化数学模型,剖析该镇水资源供需矛盾,提出水资源供需平衡优化方案。结果显示,沙流河镇水资源补给总量为1490.55万m³·a^-1,若对水资源利用量不加约束,2001、2005和2010年沙流河镇用水总量分别达到2352.73万m³、2429.73万m³和2491.72万m³;水资源超采量分别达到862.18万m³、939.18万m³和1001.17万m³;其中农业用水量最大,占90%以上。鉴于农业用水比重大、利用效率低,提出沙流河镇实施、推广节水灌溉技术和积极退耕还林等节水措施。经过逐年逼近平衡的办法,到2010年沙流河镇水资源量可以节余63.32万m³,基本实现全镇水资源供需平衡。  相似文献   

Fermentation as a bio-process to obtain functional soybean flours     

Fernandez-Orozco R  Frias J  Muñoz R  Zielinski H  Piskula MK  Kozlowska H  Vidal-Valverde C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):8972-8979

The effect of fermentation on the antioxidant compounds [vitamins C and E, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and reduced glutathione (GSH)], and antioxidant capacity [superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOD-like activity), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) peroxidation, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)] of soybean (Glycine max cv. Merit) was studied. Fermentation was carried out in solid state in cracked seeds inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum and in liquid state either in cracked seeds or milled soybean flours fermented naturally by only the microorganisms present in the seeds or by inoculation with L. plantarum. Vitamin C was not detected in the studied samples. Fermentation caused a decrease in vitamin E activity, except when cracked seed was fermented with A. oryzae, R. oryzae, or B. subtilis that increased 31, 30, and 89%, respectively. Fermentation produced an increase in TPC content and did not affect or reduce the GSH content. Fermentation decreased SOD-like activity drastically, while PRTC increased except when it was carried out naturally in cracked seed. TEAC values rose sharply when soybeans were fermented with B. subtilis. Processed soybean extracts inhibited PC peroxidation in comparison with the control assay. On the basis of the results obtained, the relative contributions of vitamin E, TPC, and GSH to antioxidant capacity were calculated and results showed a very high TPC contribution and a low contribution of GSH and vitamin E activity. Optimum results for functional soybean flours were achieved when fermentation was carried out with B. subtilis inoculum.  相似文献   

西北黄土区水土流失现状与综合治理对策   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

刘国彬  李敏  上官周平  穆兴民  谢永生  李占斌  梁银丽  张文辉  侯庆春 《中国水土保持科学》2008,6(1):16-21

通过西北黄土区水土流失与生态安全综合考察,在对该区水土流失现状特点与发展趋势综合分析的基础上,总结水土流失治理的主要经验,提出水土保持与综合治理的目标和对策。根据遥感分析,黄土高原地区2000年土壤侵蚀面积41．9万km^2,占总面积的67．14％,其中水力侵蚀占总面积的52．78％,风力侵蚀占总面积的14．11％。近年来,黄土高原地区土壤侵蚀强度及其面积发生显著变化,强度侵蚀面积显著减少;目前黄土高原地区水土保持措施平均每年可减少入黄泥沙4．1亿-4．5亿t。该区综合治理对策是：以生态安全和经济可持续发展为目标,实现生态、经济及社会效益协调发展;以黄土丘陵区与风沙丘陵区为主,以粗泥沙集中来源区为重点;进一步扩大生态修复规模,加快林草植被建设;加大淤地坝建设力度,加快实施坡改梯工程;加强水土保持科学与技术研究,为治理工程提供有效的科技支撑,建立稳定的投入机制,加大投入力度。  相似文献   

长白落叶松人工林的适宜经营密度   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

潘建中  潘攀  牟长城  孙志虎 《东北林业大学学报》2007,35(9):4-6

针对目前长白落叶松人工林间伐研究缺乏长期定位资料的状况,对东北东部林区同一立地条件下、同一林龄长白落叶松人工林采取不同密度经营指数(近似0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、>1.0)进行了间伐,并长期记录其生长状况,研究其间伐的长期效果。结果表明:到达成熟期时,样地内保留木的平均胸径是随着经营密度指数的增大而减小,即间伐强度越大,林木的平均胸径越大。而不同的经营密度指数对单位面积蓄积量的影响没有明显差异。综合研究认为:落叶松人工林适宜采取的经营密度指数为0.7、0.8。  相似文献