Novel antioxidant compounds from the aqueous extract of the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight and Arn.) and their inhibitory effect on low-density lipoprotein oxidation     

Srivastava A  Harish R  Shivanandappa T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):790-795

Roots of Decalepis hamiltonii are consumed as pickles and as a health drink in southern India for their health benefits. The antioxidant properties of the root extracts have been shown previously; this paper reports the isolation of antioxidant compounds from the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii. Five novel antioxidant compounds were isolated and characterized by NMR and MS. The compounds exhibited free radical scavenging activity in vitro and inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation. This study demonstrates that the root extract of D. hamiltonii is a cocktail of several antioxidant compounds with health implications.  相似文献   

Intra‐annual changes in reproductive indices of male and female Himalayan snow trout,Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832)     

Alexander Ciji  Prakash Sharma  Manchi Rajesh  Biju S. Kamalam  Annu Sharma  Pragyan Dash  M. S. Akhtar 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):130-141

Periodic changes in reproductive hormone levels, gonadal histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii, were examined to ascertain annual cycle of gonadal development and reproductive status in their natural habitat. In females, there were coherent changes in plasma 17β‐oestradiol and vitellogenin along with GSI, oocyte maturation and vitellogenic progression, collectively indicating two distinct maturation peaks during the months of September and February. Coinciding with this, in males, plasma 11‐keto testosterone was also noticeably higher during September and February, with highest GSI values in September. However, plasma 17α, 20β‐dihydroxyprogesterone levels in males were found to be persistently high from September to February. This observation suggests the potential presence of matured oozing males over a longer period, unlike in females. Overall, the close association between reproductive hormone levels, GSI and gonadal maturation stages in males and females (particularly, the presence of postovulatory follicle complexes) with apparent natural synchronization clearly indicates that S. richardsonii breeds twice in a year, possibly during late September to early November and late February to early April in the coldwater riverine habitats of the Indian Himalayan region.  相似文献   

Biologically active components of a Papua New Guinea analgesic and anti-inflammatory lichen preparation     

Tim S. Bugni  Cynthia D. Andjelic  Ann R. Pole  Prem Rai  Chris M. Ireland  Louis R. Barrows 《Fitoterapia》2009

A traditional preparation of Parmotrema saccatilobum (Taylor) Hale (Family: Parmeliaceae) is being considered for inclusion into the PNG national drug formulary by the Ministry of Health Taskforce on Traditional Medicines. The lichen preparation is traditionally used in the Milne Bay province of Papua New Guinea for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. A hexane extract of P. saccatilobum yielded the principle components atranorin and chloroatranorin. Atranorin and chloroatranorin were tested in a COX-1 and -2 enzyme inhibition assay, which showed that atranorin inhibited COX-1 in a dose dependent manner and suggests partial inhibition by atranorin and chloroatranorin of COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.  相似文献   

Effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Trichoderma viride on soil health, yield and N-economy of sugarcane cultivation under subtropical climatic conditions of India     

R.L. Yadav  Archna Suman  S.R. Prasad  O. Prakash 《European Journal of Agronomy》2009,30(4):296-303

Intensive cropping and exhaustive nature of sugarcane–wheat–rice cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia have led to the depletion of soil organic carbon content and inherent soil fertility resulting in a serious threat to the sustainability of these production systems. Bioagents like Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Trichoderma viride have great potential to restore soil fertility and promote sugarcane growth. Field experiments, therefore, have been conducted to study the integrated effect of bioagents (G. diazotrophicus and T. viride), Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and fertilizer N on sugarcane rhizosphere, crop yield and N economy for two crop cycles during 2004–2006 and 2005–2007 crop seasons at Lucknow, in the middle Indo-Gangetic plain region. Both bioagents could survive and colonize sugarcane rhizosphere and FYM improved their colonization. Enhanced soil microbial population and microbial carbon (SMC) and nitrogen (SMN) with increasing N level were probably due to more available N in the soil. FYM/bioagents amendment further enhanced the microbial carbon. The uniform increase in the fraction of SMC and SMN of total organic carbon indicated that immobilization/mineralization was being maintained in the soil where enhanced microbial biomass might act later as a source of nutrients.Bioagents ammended FYM enhanced the uptake of N, P and K in sugarcane at all the levels of fertilizer N. It was mainly due to the enhanced nutrient availability in the rhizospheric soil as the soil organic C and available N, P and K content increased with the application of bioagents/FYM. A saving of 76.3 kg N ha⁻¹ was envisaged by the use of G. diazotrophicus inoculated FYM with marginal (2.4 t ha⁻¹) decline in the cane yield. Application of T. viride enriched FYM, however, brought economy in the use of fertilizer N by 45.2 kg ha⁻¹ and also increased the yield by 6.1 t ha⁻¹compared to the control treatment. Overall, strategic planning in terms of an integrated application of these bioagents/manures with fertilizer N will not only sustain soil fertility but will also benefit farmers in terms of reducing their dependence and expenditure on chemical fertilizers.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis on gut microbiota, growth and immune response in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)     

N. Ranjit Kumar  Ram Prakash Raman  Sanjay B. Jadhao  Rajive Kumar Brahmchari  Kundan Kumar  Gyanaranjan Dash 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):387-403

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis on the gut microbiota, growth and immune response in Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles (4.0 ± 0.02 g). Five isocaloric experimental diets supplemented with different concentrations of B. licheniformis, viz. Control (without probiotic supplementation), T₁ (1.0 × 10⁶ cfu g^?1feed), T₂ (1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1feed), T₃ (1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 feed) and T₄ (1.0 × 10⁹ cfu g^?1 feed) were used for the experiment. After 60 days of feeding trial, the growth performance increases significantly in all the experimental groups compared with control, and highest weight gain, specific growth rate and lowest feed conversion ratio were recorded from T₄ (P > 0.05). However, juvenile survival was not found to be significantly affected by probiotic supplementation (P > 0.05). The total bacterial count and Bacillus spp. count in the gut were significantly increased with concurrent decrease in pathogenic Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in all the experimental groups compared with control (P < 0.05). Compared with control, immune parameters were increased significantly in all the experimental groups (P < 0.05). Highest haemocyte count, phenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and antibacterial activity in haemolymph were recorded from T₄ (P < 0.05). When prawns were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, the cumulative mortality was significantly lower in T₄ (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis can manipulate the gut microbiota and increase the growth and immune response of M. rosenbergii. In the present study, concentration response on the probiotic effect of B. licheniformis was observed which showed higher effects at a concentration of 1.0 × 10⁹ cfu g^?1 feed in the laboratory condition.  相似文献   

版纳甜龙竹笋材产量最优化的采伐方法     

Andr&#  s Darabant  Prem B. Rai  Christina L. Staudhammer  Tshewang Dorji 《世界竹藤通讯》2012,10(3):48

版纳甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus hamiltonii)是一个体型巨大的丛生竹类。它的竹笋味道鲜美且营养丰富,竹茎被广泛用做编织和建筑用材。版纳甜龙竹生长迅速,对改善不丹南部的贫穷现状具有很大的潜力。由于版纳甜龙竹是当地较好的可以用作商业用途的树种,所以为了防止不可持续的采伐,研究最大限度地提高版纳甜龙竹产量的营林措施时,要确保它的可持续发性。我们基于农民对竹产量的要求确定了3种版纳甜龙竹的采伐方式:择伐、U型伐(horseshoe cut)和皆伐,以无采伐为对照,试验对比了不同采伐方式的效果,试验期超过2个生长季。虽然3种采伐方式对竹笋产量没有差异,但采用U型伐时竹笋的产量最高。无采伐的竹林,竹材产量高于采伐过的竹林。在采伐的竹林中,竹材产量最高的是U型伐的竹林,但其产量与采用皆伐方式的竹林没有明显的差异。因此,U型伐技术能使竹笋和竹材产量最大化,虽然U型伐对新竹笋的萌发有促进作用,但其长期收获的可持续性仍需要进一步评估。即使竹材产量和当年的新竹数量似乎影响了新竹笋的发生,本研究仍发现竹材的收获量和竹笋的再生量有更强的关系,这表明补偿生长机制影响了竹笋的再生。  相似文献   

Chitosan induced resistance to downy mildew in sunflower caused by Plasmopara halstedii     

P. Nandeeshkumar  J. Sudisha  Kini K. Ramachandra  H.S. Prakash  S.R. Niranjana  Shetty H. Shekar 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2008,72(4-6):188-194

  相似文献   

Concomitant production of lipase, protease and enterocin by Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363 and Enterococcus durans NCIM5427 isolated from fish processing waste     

Vrinda Ramakrishnan  Bijinu Balakrishnan  Amit Kumar Rai  Bhaskar Narayan  Prakash M Halami 《International Aquatic Research》2012,4(1):1-14

Enterococci are widely distributed in the environment ranging from foods to humans and are gaining industrial importance due to their technological traits. In the present study, enterococci (Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363 (EF-63) and Enterococcus durans NCIM5427 (ED-27)) which are native to fish processing waste with an ability to produce lipase, protease and enterocin concomitantly were characterised. Lipase assay was performed by titrimetry and protease activity and was estimated using haemoglobin and casein as substrates in the presence of buffers at acidic, basic and neutral pH. Furthermore, enterocin produced by the isolates was characterised. Enterocin was also checked for its stability at different pH, temperature and proteolytic enzymes. Lipase production was found to be 22 and 10 U/ml in the absence of tributryin and increased to 40 and 24 U/ml in its presence for EF-63 and ED-27, respectively, indicating that the lipase produced is substrate dependent. Protease production was confirmed by protease assay, and the protease produced showed more affinity towards the acidic substrate. Enterocin produced was stable at low pH (2 to 3) and high temperature (121°C, 15 min) and had a molecular weight of approximately 6 kDa. It exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative food-borne pathogens. Proteinase K inactivated enterocin completely, whereas trypsin did not. Novelty of this work lies in the immense industrial importance these cultures hold as they are capable of producing lipase, protease and enterocin apart from being useful in recovering proteins and lipids from fish processing wastes.  相似文献   

Effect of brewer’s yeast on immune response of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its resistance to white muscle disease   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Prakash V. Parmar  H. Shivanada Murthy  C. S. Tejpal  B. T. Naveen Kumar 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(5):951-964

The present study was conducted to find the effect of dietary brewer’s yeast on growth, survival, immune response, and resistance to white muscle disease in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The brewer’s yeast was supplemented at graded levels 0, 5, 10, and 20?g per kg diet, and the experiment was conducted for 75?days. After the feeding trials, growth, survival, immune parameters like prophenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, and total hemocyte count were assessed. The growth, specific growth rate, and survival were not found significantly different among the treatment and control groups “prophenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst” were found significantly different (p?<?0.05) among the treatment and control groups. The total hemocyte count was significantly different (p?<?0.05) among control and treatment groups. Cumulative percent survival was higher in M rosenbergii fed 1?% brewer’s yeast-supplemented diet when they were challenged with white muscle disease virus (MrNV (Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus) and XSV (extra small virus)). The present work revealed that the incorporation of brewer’s yeast in the diet is effective in enhancing immune response and controlling the white muscle disease in M rosenbergii.  相似文献   

First documentation on status of barley diseases from the high altitude cold arid Trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India     

S.S. Vaish  Sheikh Bilal AhmedK. Prakash 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1129-1137

Cold arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India bordering with Pakistan and China is one of most elevated inhabited regions of the world. This region is highly vulnerable to climate change and serious environmental threats resulting in reduction in crop productivity due to risk of agricultural pest and plant pathogens. The present work describes the various diseases attacking barley from this region where the status of barley diseases has not yet been explored. Extensive field surveys were conducted for the first time during 2004-2005 and 475 fields were inspected at the 95 locations. Yellow rust, powdery mildew, leaf spot blotch/blight, covered smut, loose smut, foot/root rot and cereal cyst nematode causing molya disease were encountered during the survey. However, yellow rust, molya and foot/root rot were found as the most destructive diseases. Excellent hotspots of the encountered diseases were identified and marked which may be used for the screening of barley genotypes and determining the impact of climate change on plant diseases.  相似文献