Fertility Improvement in Autotetraploids of Pea — Selection for Seed-Set and Disjunction Index     

H. Kumar    V. C. Mercykutty  C. P. Srivastava 《Plant Breeding》1993,110(1):81-83

Four seed-set groups of plants, viz. unselected ‘general’ and selected ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’ were constituted in C₁ generation from randomly selected autotetraploids of two pea cultivars, T 163 and 5064-S. In C₂ generation, ten plants were selected at random in each of the four groups. Two seeds each from selected autotetraploids were drawn and bulked to make 20 seeds in each of the four groups to raise C₃ generation. Selection resulted in a gradual shift in seed-set, though the magnitude and nature varied with the group and generation. Improvement in the seed-set from C₁ to C₃ generation was associated with the increase in bivalents per cell, disjunction index and total chiasmata. Increase in total chiasmata was mostly due to an increase in proximal ones. Increase in seed-set was reflected in improvement of grain yield per plant.  相似文献   

The electrofocusing composition of the Large and Small Sub-unit polypeptides of Fraction-1-Protein in rice x wheat and rice x sorghum hybrids     

N. K. Srivastava  S. Yoshida 《Euphytica》1990,48(3):219-224

Summary The polypeptide composition of Fraction-1-Protein (F1P) from rice × sorghum, rice × wheat hybrids and their respective parents have been analyzed by a microelectrofocusing method. The large sub-unit (LSU) is composed of three polypeptides and the small sub-unit (SSU) of two polypeptides in rice and sorghum parents and rice × sorghum hybrids. Similarly, LSU is composed of three polypeptides in the rice and wheat parents and rice × wheat hybrids. Two polypeptides occur in the SSU of rice parent and rice × wheat hybrids where as only one polypeptide in the wheat parent. These polypeptides also differ in their isoelectric points. Based on the previous reports of F1P inheritance in hybrids in other crops, F1P analysis of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids does not seem to be an important marker to identify such intergeneric hybrids. Since this is first such report of F1P inheritance in hybrids between distantly related plants, its implication in different modes of inheritance are discussed.Abbreviations F1P Fraction-1-Protein - IEF Isoelectric focusing - pI Isoelectric points - LSU Large sub-unit - RuBPCase Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase-oxygenase - SSU Small sub-unit  相似文献   

Phylogenetic studies in Citrus reticulata and related types     

H. C. Dass  G. S. Randhawa  D. Prakash 《Euphytica》1977,26(3):805-810

Summary Sixteen types of mandarins were screened for their leaf flavonoid patterns with the help of cellulose thin-layer chromatography. In general, Tanaka's classification of mandarins into 36 species is untenable, as was already concluded by Swingle (1948), Hodgson (1965) and Singh (1967). It is likely that a fine loose skinned mandarin was first evolved. Later, it hybridized with wild mandarin to give rise to numerous types and forms.Contribution No. 474 of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-6, India.  相似文献   

A unique introgression from Moricandia arvensis confers male fertility upon two different cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of Brassica juncea     

S. R. Bhat    S. Prakash    P. B. Kirti    V. Dinesh  Kumar V. L. Chopra 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(2):117-120

A Brassica juncea line carrying an introgression from Moricandia arvensis restored male fertility to two cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) B. juncea lines carrying either M. arvensis or Diplotaxis catholica cytoplasm. Genetics of fertility restoration was studied in the F₁, F₂, F₃ and backcross generations of the cross between CMS and fertility‐restorer lines. No male‐sterile plants were found in F1‐F₃ generations of the cross between CMS [M. arvensis] B. juncea and the restorer. However, a 1: 1 segregation for male sterility and fertility was observed when the F1 was pollinated with non‐restorer pollen from a euplasmic line. These results clearly show that restoration is mono‐genic and gametophytic. In CMS lines carrying D. catholica cytoplasm, the restorer conferred male fertility to the F1 and showed 3: 1 and 1: 1 segregations for male fertility and sterility in F₂ and BC1 generations, respectively, indicating a monogenic, sporophytic mode of fertility restoration. The results were also supported by pollen stainability in the F1 which was about 65% in M. arvensis‐based CMS and >90% in D. catholica‐based CMS. The above results are discussed in the light of previous molecular studies which showed association between CMS and atpA in both systems.  相似文献   

Genotypic variability in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L for foliage yield and its contributing traits over successive cuttings and years     

S. Shukla  A. Bhargava  A. Chatterjee  A. Srivastava  S. P. Singh 《Euphytica》2006,151(1):103-110

Summary Twenty nine strains of vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor were grown for two successive seasons to study different selection parameters for foliage yield and its nine contributing morphological and quality traits. The strains AV-38 (5.06 kg/plot) and AV-31 (5.04 kg/plot) recorded highest foliage yield, followed by AV-30 (4.78 kg/plot) and AV-23 (4.70 kg/plot). The protein and carotenoid content averaged 1.24 ± 0.03 mg/100 mg and 0.83 ± 0.02 mg/g respectively. The leaves of A. tricolor also have considerable quantities of ascorbic acid (112.33 ± 5.00 mg/100 g) and fibre (8.39 ± 0.10%). The mean of individual cuttings for plant height, leaf size, stem diameter, foliage yield, protein, ascorbic acid and fibre content increased with successive cuttings till third cutting and thereafter showed a decline. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values ranged from 6.80 to 28.25%. However, the fibre content, branches/plant, leaves/plant, plant height and stem diameter showed lowest values of GCV. The values of heritability estimates were high for all the traits in all the cuttings as well as on pooled basis and ranged from 0.89 for branches/plant to 0.98 for foliage yield. Highest expected genetic advance was noticed for ascorbic acid (57.48%), followed by foliage yield (48.30%) and leaf size (29.51%).  相似文献   

Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L.     

S. N. Nigam  J. P. Srivastava 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):457-461

Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F₁ analysis were supported by the analysis of F₂ data.  相似文献   

Availability of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Alkali Soils in Presence of Calcium Salts     

K. K. Srivastava  Sharafat Ali  S. K. de 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1971,130(3):244-249

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Evaluation of bioremediation and detoxification potentiality of Aspergillus niger for removal of hexavalent chromium in soil microcosm     

Shaili Srivastava 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(7):1904-1911

Aspergillus niger isolated from soil of leather tanning effluent had higher activity to remove chromium then the other fungal isolates. The potency of A. niger was evaluated in shake flask culture by absorption of chromium at pH 6, temperature 30 °C. The toxicity of chromium evaluated in petriplates and soil microcosm seed bioassay test had indicated increase in toxicity with the higher concentration of chromate. A. niger introduced in soil microcosm (40% moisture content) with different concentration of chromate (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) removed more than 70% chromium in soil contaminated by 250 and 500 ppm of chromate. However, chromium-contaminated soil (2000 ppm of potassium chromate) mixed with compost (5% and 10%) significantly removed chromium in presence of fungus, A. niger. The results of chromate toxicity in the wheat plants revealed that the peroxidases was induced due to increase of metal stress which was reversed in soil microcosm amended with compost.  相似文献   

Nitrate assimilation in pea leaves in the presence of cadmium     

D. N. Singh  H. S. Srivastava  Rana P. Singh 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,42(1-2):1-5

Supply of 0.01 to 1.0 mM Cd acetates either to the intact seedlings or to the excised leaves of 15 dPisum sativum L. Cv. Bonvilla seedlings inhibitedin vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. The inhibition was independent of metal concentrations. In excised leaf tissues, higher concentrations (0.5 to 1.0 mM) of Cd had no conspicuous effect on nitrate assimilation. When NRA was assayed byin vitro method, an increase of 12 to 45% was obtained with Cd in intact and excised leaves. It appears that NRA is more sensitive to Cd concentration than any other parameter examined.  相似文献   

The Influence of Glutathione on Physiological Effects of Lead and its Accumulation in Moss Sphagnum Squarrosum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saxena  Anuj  Saxena  D. K.  Srivastava  H. S. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,143(1-4):351-361

An attempt has been made to study the physiological andbiochemical responses and to evaluate the bioaccumulationpotential of moss Sphagnum to environmental lead. Supply of0.1 to 100 mM lead acetate caused a loss in chlorophyll andnitrogen content of moss and in nitrate reductase activity in themoss, although the peroxidase activity was increased. Partialrecovery in the above parameters was recorded upon simultaneoustreatment with glutathione. Results also indicate that treatmentwith glutathione increased the bioaccumulation potential bylowering the lead toxicity, which could be the result of inductionof metal binding capabilities of cells as the heavy metal alsoinduced the synthesis of phytochelatins. The moss accumulated asignificant amounts of Pb under both experimental and fieldconditions. The heavy metal accumulated by moss was positivelycorrelated to the soil metal content. The experiments demonstratethat Sphagnum is able to accumulate and tolerate higheramounts of Pb and therefore, it can be used as a bioindicator andphytoremediator of lead contaminated environment.  相似文献