Effect of supplemental methionine, choline and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Swain BK  Johri TS 《British poultry science》2000,41(1):83-88

1. A study was conducted with broilers to find out the effect of addition of methionine (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g/kg) and choline (0.0, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to a basal diet containing crude protein, 221 g/kg, ME, 12.25 MJ/kg, methionine, 3.6 g/kg and choline, 1300 mg/kg. 2. Supplemental levels of methionine and choline were found to be ineffective in improving the growth, food consumption and food conversion efficiency of broilers. 3. However, a higher value for leucocyte migration inhibition was observed in chicks fed on the diet containing 6.5 g/kg methionine and 1300 mg/kg choline, indicating a significantly improved cellular immune response. 4. HI test and ELISA indicated enhanced antibody titres in chicks receiving 3.0 g/kg methionine and 3300 mg/kg choline, showing a significantly better humoral immune response. 5. Methionine and choline should be supplemented at levels higher than the recommended level of BIS for better health and production in chicks.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary β-glucan on immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man. 1879)     

S. J. Meshram  H. Shivananda Murthy  H. Ali  H. S. Swain  Abhiman Ballyaya 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(2):439-447

  相似文献   

Class II-independent generation of CD4 memory T cells from effectors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Swain SL  Hu H  Huston G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5443):1381-1383

The factors required for the generation of memory CD4 T cells remain unclear, and whether there is a continuing requirement for antigen stimulation is critical to design of vaccine strategies. CD4 effectors generated in vitro from na?ve CD4 T cells of mice efficiently gave rise to small resting memory cells after transfer to class II-deficient hosts, indicating no requirement for further antigen or class II recognition.  相似文献   

Brucellosis in India: results of a collaborative workshop to define One Health priorities     

Lindahl  Johanna F.  Vrentas  Catherine E.  Deka  Ram P.  Hazarika  Razibuddin A.  Rahman  H.  Bambal  R. G.  Bedi  J. S.  Bhattacharya  C.  Chaduhuri  Pallab  Fairoze  Nadeem Mohamed  Gandhi  R. S.  Gill  J. P. S.  Gupta  N. K.  Kumar  M.  Londhe  S.  Rahi  M.  Sharma  P. K.  Shome  R.  Singh  R.  Srinivas  K.  Swain  B. B. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):387-396

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. In livestock, it frequently causes chronic disease with reproductive failures that contribute to production...  相似文献   

Molecular expression and identification of caprine estrogen receptor gene 1 for fertility status in bucks     

S Saraswat  SD Kharche  PK Rout  R Pawaiya  C Gangwar  DK Swain  R Kaushik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(9):1080-1092

Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (oestrogen receptor1) responsible for better fertility. ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression and presence of ESR1 gene in fertile and low-fertile male goat breeds. We identified ESR1 gene through various molecular tools. Genotyping was carried out by high resonance melting analysis using Roche Light Cycler 480(LC-480) system and found three different genotypes. Genotypic frequency-AA (blue-0.67), BB(Red-0.2), AB(Green-0.08) with allele frequency A(0.71 and B (0.29). The predominance of this gene in head of epididymis in fertile bucks was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. From the results, we corroborated that the present study provides a useful and effective way to predict male fertility in goat breeds, which in turn increases the percentage of fertility in flock leading to more number of offspring in a kidding season.  相似文献   

Automated Animal Control: Can Discontinuous Monitoring and Aversive Stimulation Modify Cattle Grazing Behavior?     

Jabier. Ruiz-Mirazo  Greg J. Bishop-Hurley  Dave L. Swain 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2011,64(3):240-248

Grazing livestock freely select landscape resources, unless they are herded or constrained by fences. Automated animal control (AAC) systems offer an alternative to physical fences by using animal-positioning technology and aversive stimuli to deter animals from staying in sensitive environments and so limit their impact. This paper reports on a replicated field experiment completed to test whether occasional stimuli (audio cue followed by a mild electric stimulus), delivered by discontinuously activated AAC collars, could suffice to modify the grazing behavior of groups of cattle. Four groups of eight steers were confined in 8-ha rectangular paddocks that had an ad libitum supplement feeder located in one end to attract cattle. The steers' positional information was recorded continuously for 3 d using a GPS receiver encased in a collar fitted around their neck. These data were used to characterize their use of the paddocks without intervention. Subsequently a restriction zone was activated on the collars. This zone contained the supplement feeders and represented approximately 10% of the paddock area. Cattle movement was again monitored during a second 3-d period, in which the steers were subjected to discontinuous aversive stimuli (5 min of stimulation followed by a random 0–30 min interval without stimulation) if they were located inside or moved into the restriction zone. Cattle visits to the restriction zone were shorter and the return interval longer when steers were subjected to discontinuous stimulation. Overall, there was a 97% reduction in the use of the restriction zone between the first and second deployments. These results suggest that grazing impact can be drastically reduced by making a zone less desirable through discontinuous aversive stimulation. Such a discontinuous (25% of the time on) AAC system can reduce power consumption in collars and so help overcome energy supply limitations that hinder commercial AAC applications.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in foals: influence of age within the neonatal period          下载免费PDF全文

E. A. Swain  K. G. Magdesian  P. H. Kass  J. E. Edman  H. K. Knych 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(3):227-234

Neonatal foals have unique pharmacokinetics, which may lead to accumulation of certain drugs when adult horse dosage regimens are used. Given its lipophilic nature and requirement for hepatic metabolism, metronidazole may be one of these drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of metronidazole in twelve healthy foals at 1–2.5 days of age when administered as a single intravenous (IV) and intragastric (IG) dose of 15 mg/kg. Foals in the intravenous group were studied a second time at 10–12 days of age to evaluate the influence of age on pharmacokinetics within the neonatal period. Blood samples were collected at serial time points after metronidazole administration. Metronidazole concentration in plasma was measured using LC‐MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis and compared between age groups. At 1–2.5 days of age, the mean peak plasma concentration after IV infusion was 18.79 ± 1.46 μg/mL, elimination half‐life was 11.8 ± 1.77 h, clearance was 0.84 ± 0.13 mL/min/kg and the volume of distribution (steady‐state) was 0.87 ± 0.07 L/kg. At 10–12 days of age, the mean peak plasma concentration after IV infusion was 18.17 ± 1.42 μg/mL, elimination half‐life was 9.07 ± 2.84 h, clearance was 1.14 ± 0.21 mL/min/kg and the volume of distribution (steady‐state) was 0.88 ± 0.06 L/kg. Oral approximated bioavailability was 100%. Cmax and T_max after oral dosing were 14.85 ± 0.54 μg/mL and 1.75 (1–4) h, respectively. The elimination half‐life was longer and clearance was reduced in neonatal foals at 1–2.5 days as compared to 10–12 days of age (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, respectively). This study warrants consideration for altered dosing recommendations in foals, especially a longer interval (12 h).  相似文献   

Effect of micronutrient supplementation around calving on the plasma cortisol levels of Murrah buffaloes and Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows     

Ajay Kumar Dang  Manu Jamwal  Mandheer Kaur  Shiv Prasad Kimothi  Shashi Pal  Kalyan De  Mohsin M. Pathan  Dilip K. Swain  Sushil K. Mohapatra  Suman Kapila  Rajeev Kapila  Harjit Kaur  Ashok K. Mohanty  Bukkaraya S. Prakash 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):1047-1050

Micronutrients when fed around peripartum may reduce the stress induced by cortisol. With this objective, 24 Sahiwal (SW) and 24 Karan Fries (KF) cows and 24 Murrah (Mu) buffaloes were taken and divided into four groups of six each. Vitamin E (VE), zinc (Zn) and copper were supplemented from 30 days pre- to 30 days postcalving in groups 1, 2 and 3. Animals without supplementation served as control. Blood sampling was done on days 30, 15, 7 and 3 precalving; at calving; and on days 3, 7, 15 and 30 postcalving. Plasma cortisol levels were measured by ELISA. Supplementation of VE and Zn significantly (P?<?0.05) reduced plasma cortisol levels at calving and at 30 days postcalving. KF cows exhibited best results with VE, whereas SW cows and Mu buffaloes responded best to Zn. Copper increased the peripartum cortisol levels. Reduction in cortisol levels may help in keeping the animal healthy and stronger to fight immuno-suppression generally observed around the period of peripartum.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization,inductive expression and mechanism of interleukin‐10 gene induction in the Indian major carp,catla (Catla catla)     

B Swain  M Samanta  M Basu  P Panda  B R Sahoo  N K Maiti  B K Mishra  A E Eknath 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):897-907

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a multifunctional cytokine and plays an important role in diseases. In this study, IL‐10 gene was cloned and characterized from catla (Catla catla), which is a highly commercially important fish species in the Indian subcontinent. The result indicated that the full‐length catla IL‐10 (cIL‐10) gene had five exons and four introns with an open reading frame of 540 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 179 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis of cIL‐10 gene sequence showed that cIL‐10 clustered with freshwater carps group as expected. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that cIL‐10 was expressed in gill, liver, kidney, intestine, skin and heart and its expression profile was up‐regulated in bacterial infection and LPS treatment. A close relationship of high cIL‐10 expression and low pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β expression was observed in the treated group of fish, which might reveal the role of cIL‐10 as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine. Mechanism of cIL‐10 induction was investigated by blocking nuclear factor (NF)‐κB ‐signalling with BAY 11‐7082 in catla kidney cell culture. Blocking NF‐κB suppressed IL‐10 induction by LPS, and thus it revealed that cIL‐10 was induced through NF‐κB signalling. These data could be helpful to understand the function of IL‐10 in fish in response to vaccinations, probiotics and various diseases.  相似文献   

Antigen encapsulated alginate-coated chitosan microspheres stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses in fish through oral immunization     

Truptimayee Behera  Priyabrat Swain 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):673-688

The potential of alginate-coated chitosan microspheres to act as an antigen carrier through oral vaccination was explored in fish. Among different antigenic formulations such as antigen-loaded alginate-coated and alginate-uncoated chitosan microspheres, empty alginate-coated chitosan microspheres and free whole-cell antigen, only alginate-coated chitosan microspheres gave promising results for stimulating both adaptive and innate immune response up to 6 weeks of post-immunization. In addition, alginate-coated chitosan microspheres modulated antigen-release behavior, maintained structural integrity and stability and gave effective protection to antigens from acidic degradation in vitro for 12 h. However, none of these formulations tested in this study are effective for protecting fish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection under the conditions evaluated in the present work. The enhancement of the immune response observed with the antigen-loaded alginate-coated chitosan microspheres demonstrates its promising effect for oral antigen delivery in fish.  相似文献