Committee on chemotaxonomy     

Grant WF  Swain T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(4005):103

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Alkaline coal fly ash amendments are recommended for improving rice-peanut crops     

D.K. Swain  S.K. Rautaray  B.C. Ghosh 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):201-211

Abstract

A field experiment investigating amendments of organic material including farmyard manure, paper factory sludge and crop residues combined with fly ash, lime and chemical fertilizer in a rice-peanut cropping system was conducted during 1997–98 and 1998–99 at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. The soil was an acid lateritic (Halustaf) sandy loam. For rice, an N:P:K level of 90:26.2:33.3 kg ha^?1 was supplied through the organic materials and chemical fertilizer to all the treatments except control and fly ash alone. The required quantities of organic materials were added to supply 30 kg N ha^?1 and the balance amount of N, P and K was supplied through chemical fertilizer. Amendment materials as per fertilization treatments were incorporated to individual plots 15 days before planting of rice during the rainy season. The residual effects were studied on the following peanut crop with application of N:P:K at 30:26.2:33.3 kg ha^?1 through chemical fertilizer alone in all treatments, apart from the control. An application of fly ash at 10 t ha^?1 in combination with chemical fertilizer and organic materials increased the grain yield of rice by 11% compared to chemical fertilizer alone. The residual effect of both lime and fly ash applications combined with direct application of chemical fertilizer increased peanut yields by 30% and 24%, respectively, compared to chemical fertilizer alone. Treatments with fly ash or lime increased P and K uptake in both the crops and oil content in peanut kernel compared to those without the amendments. Alkaline coal fly ash proved to be a better amendment than lime for improving productivity of an acid lateritic soil and enriching the soil with P and K.  相似文献   

Identification of MDP (muramyl dipeptide)-binding key domains in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-2) receptor of Labeo rohita     

Jitendra Maharana  Banikalyan Swain  Bikash R. Sahoo  Manas R. Dikhit  Madhubanti Basu  Abhijit S. Mahapatra  Pallipuram Jayasankar  Mrinal Samanta 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(4):1007-1023

In lower eukaryotes-like fish, innate immunity contributed by various pattern recognition receptor (PRR) plays an essential role in protection against diseases. Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-2 is a cytoplasmic PRR that recognizes MDP (muramyl dipeptide) of the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as ligand and activates signalling to induce innate immunity. Hypothesizing a similar NOD2 signalling pathway of higher eukaryotes, the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) of rohu (Labeo rohita) was stimulated with MDP. The data of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed MDP-mediated inductive expression of NOD2 and its down-stream molecule RICK/RIP2 (receptor-interacting serine-threonine protein kinase-2). This observation suggested the existence of MDP-binding sites in rohu NOD2 (rNOD2). To investigate it, 3D model of ligand-binding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region of rNOD2 (rNOD2-LRR) was constructed following ab initio and threading approaches in I-TASSER web server. Structural refinement of the model was performed by energy minimization, and MD (molecular dynamics) simulation was performed in GROMACS (Groningen Machine for Chemical Simulations). The refined model of rNOD2-LRR was validated through SAVES, ProSA, ProQ, WHAT IF and MolProbity servers, and molecular docking with MDP was carried out in GOLD 4.1. The result of docking identified LRR3-7 comprising Lys820, Phe821, Asn822, Arg847, Gly849, Trp877, Trp901 and Trp931 as MDP-binding critical amino acids in rNOD2. This is the first study in fish to provide an insight into the 3D structure of NOD2-LRR region and its important motifs that are expected to be engaged in MDP binding and innate immunity.  相似文献   

Traditional antibacterial activity of freshwater microalga Spirulina platensis to aquatic pathogens     

Jyotirmayee Pradhan  Basanta Kumar Das  Swagatika Sahu  Nilima Priyadarshini Marhual  Anil K Swain  Bibudhendra Kumar Mishra  Ambekar E Eknath 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(9):1287-1295

The crude ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) have been investigated for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assays against various strains of fish and shellfish pathogens e.g. Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 49128; PP1, PP2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35032; PA1, PA2), Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF1, PF2), Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 49140; AH1, AH2, AH3, AH4), Vibrio alginolyticus (VA), Vibrio anguillarum (VAN), Vibrio fluvialis (VF), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP), Vibrio harveyi (VH), Vibrio fisheri (VFS), Edwardsiella tarda and animal isolates of Escherichia coli (O115, O1, O156, O164, O111 and O109). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts were determined using the tube dilution method. Ethanolic extract showed comparatively higher antibacterial activity (15.66 mm) than that of methanolic and aqueous extract of S. platensis along with their respective MIC values, ranging from 100 to 150 μg mL^?1. The aqueous extract had no effective antibacterial activity against the test microorganism. The study suggested that S. platensis may have potential use in aqua feed as an antimicrobial agent of pharmaceutical interest.  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of hormonal protocol on the performance of crossbred cattle     

J. K. Sahoo  S. K. Das  K. Sethy  S. K. Mishra  R. K. Swain  P. C. Mishra  S. P. Sahoo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(2):259-263

A total of 60 animals (38 cows, 22 heifers) were selected and were divided into three groups of 20 animals each (containing both anoestrus and repeat breeder) in which treatment was performed for 60 days. Group I: control (farmer practice), T₁ group: group I?+?hormone (double synch), and T₂ group: group I?+?hormone (Estra double synch). The growth performances were measured in terms of body weight and average daily gain (ADG). Blood collection was done at the start and end of the experiment for assessment of blood biochemical, hematological, and reproductive status of the animals. Results revealed significant improvement in growth and reproductive performances in treatment group as compared to control group. Higher percentage of conception was achieved in group III (60%) followed by group II (55%). The least percentage was in group I (15%), i.e., in control group. So it was found that the effect of treating the reproductive-disordered animals with Estra double synch gave comparatively better result than double synch hormonal application.  相似文献   

Investigation of the role of mules as silent shedders of EHV-1 during an outbreak of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy in California     

Pusterla N  Mapes S  Wademan C  White A  Estell K  Swain E 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(18):465

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Nitrate leaching,nitrous oxide emission and N use efficiency of aerobic rice under different N application strategy     

Sangita Mohanty  C. K. Swain  Rahul Tripathi  S. K. Sethi  P. Bhattacharyya  Anjani Kumar 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(4):465-479

A field study was conducted in the sub-humid tropical region of India to examine the effect of different nitrogen (N) management strategies on nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission and N use efficiency in aerobic rice. Treatments were: control (no N), 120 kg N ha^?1 applied as prilled urea (PU) in conventional method, 120 kg N ha^?1 applied as neem coated urea (NCU) in conventional method, N applied as PU on the basis of leaf colour chart (LCC) reading, N applied as NCU on the basis of LCC reading, and 120 kg N ha^?1 applied as PU and farm yard manure (FYM) in 1:1 ratio. Results showed that 3.4–16.1 kg NO₃-N ha^?1 was leached below 45 cm depth and 0.61–1.12 kg N₂O-N ha^?1 was emitted from aerobic rice during the growing season. NCU when applied conventionally reduced nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching and N₂O emission by 18.6% and 21.4%, respectively However when applied on the basis of LCC reading NCU reduced NO₃-N leaching by 39.8% as compared to PU applied in conventional method. NCU when applied on the basis of LCC reading synchronized N supply with demand and reduced N loss, which resulted in higher yield and N use efficiency.  相似文献   

Quantitative molecular viral loads in 7 horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus‐1 infection          下载免费PDF全文

K. E. Estell  D. R. Dawson  K. G. Magdesian  E. Swain  S. T. Laing  S. Siso  S. Mapes  N. Pusterla 《Equine veterinary journal》2015,47(6):689-693

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Identification of genes preferentially expressed in testis and spermatogonial cells of Labeo rohita by subtractive and suppressive hybridization     

Chinmayee Mohapatra  Aliza Swain  Ambekar E Eknath 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1196-1205

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Growth performance of pengba,Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) and water quality changes during fingerling rearing with varied stocking density in large outdoor concrete tanks     

Pratap Chandra Das  Prabhati Kumari Sahoo  Snatashree Mohanty  Monali Mishra  Subrat Kumar Swain 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):982-988

Fingerling rearing of pengba, Osteobrama belangeri, was conducted at varied densities for 90 days in 12 outdoor concrete tanks (10 m × 5 m × 1 m). The tanks, grouped into four triplicated treatments, were stocked with fry at 20, 30, 40 and 50 fry m^‐3; and designated as control, T‐1, T‐2 and T‐3 respectively. Tanks were filled up to 90 cm depth. Evaporation loss compensated fortnightly. Fish sampling and monitoring of water quality parameters done at fortnight intervals. Survival varied between 71.5% and 84.0% in treatments. Both survival and total length significantly reduced with increasing densities from control to T‐2 (p < .05), while no differences were observed between T‐2 and T‐3 (p > .05). Similarly, significant reductions in final body weight and specific growth rate were observed with increased densities and these values further reduced in T‐3 than T‐2 (p < .05). Such results corroborated the inverse relationship between stocking density and growth. Gross biomass yields in two higher densities (T‐2 and T‐3), despite their lower survivals, were significantly higher than the two lower densities. The numbers of fingerlings harvested were 35, 74 and 112% higher than the control in T‐1, T‐2 and T‐3 respectively. The lowest size obtained even at the highest density (T‐3) was of 7.0 ± 1.0 cm and 3.99 ± 0.17 g, which can be considered as ideal grow‐out stocking size of pengba. Therefore, the study showed feasibility of stocking up to 50 fry m^‐3 for rearing from fry to fingerling stage. However, the other lower densities may be used in case of requirement of larger fingerlings.  相似文献