Effects of temperature treatments on the energy and nitrogen metabolism of fed chickens     

D J Farrell  S Swain 《British poultry science》1977,18(6):735-748

1. Calorimetric measurements were made for 5 d on individual broiler chickens (1 kg) fed ad libitum and acclimated or unacclimated to six temperatures from 2 to 35 °C (constant), or alternated between these temperatures and 22 °G (alternated). For the four treatments, heat production was related to temperatures and the resultant curves were significantly different.

2. Food intake, heat production and maintenance energy requirement all increased linearly with decreasing temperature. Metabolisability of the diet was only 13.8 kJ/g at 35 °C, compared with a mean value for all treatments of 14.1 kJ/g.

3. Energy retention and nitrogen (N) retention (g/d, or % dietary N) were maximal at 22 and 16 °C, however the amount of energy deposited as protein remained relatively constant below 30 °C.

4. Net availability of metabolisable energy was calculated in two ways: by calculating the increase in heat production of fed birds above their starvation values giving a mean value of 0.82; this was similar to the mean regression coefficient which included starvation data, and related ME intake and energy retention; but without these data availabilities ranged from 0.45 at 35 °C to 1.0 in the cold.

5. Acclimation or alternating of temperature had very few significant effects, however there were temperature x acclimation effects on N retention and heat production. Similarly alternating temperature significantly increased food intake and heat production at high temperatures, but decreased metabolisability of the diet to 13.7 kJ/g at 35 °C from an overall mean of 14.1 kJ/g.  相似文献   

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers in fish genomic research and their acceleration via next-generation sequencing and computational approaches     

Jitendra Kumar Sundaray  Kiran Dashrath Rasal  Vemulawada Chakrapani  Pranati Swain  Dinesh Kumar  Arun S. Ninawe  Samiran Nandi  Pallipuram Jayasankar 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(4):1089-1102

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Revealing Genetic Relationship and Prospecting of Novel Donors Among Upland Rice Genotypes Using qDTY-Linked SSR Markers     

Mitadru Mukherjee  Barada Padhy  Bharathkumar Srinivasan  Pradosh Mahadani  Sk Yasin Baksh  Ravindra Donde  Onkar Nath Singh  Lambodar Behera  Padmini Swain  Sushanta Kumar Dash 《水稻科学》2018,25(6):308-319

A total of 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to QTLs (qDTYs) governing grain yield under reproductive stage (RS) drought stress were used to assess the genetic relationship and prospecting new donors for qDTYs among 32 popular upland rice genotypes. These SSR markers generated a total of 36 alleles with an average allele count of 2.1 per locus. Polymorphic information content value of the markers ranged from 0.376 to 0.662 with an average value of 0.484. The expected heterozyogosity ranged from 0.381 to 0.632. STRUCTURE analysis divided the 32 genotypes into three sub-populations. Subsequent phenotyping revealed that all the tolerant genotypes were grouped into one sub-population, whereas the moderately tolerant and susceptible genotypes were grouped into separate sub-populations. Phylogenetic tree constructed by the unweighted neighbour-joining method also divided the genotypes into three clusters. The grouping pattern of genotypes into the clusters was similar to that into the STRUCTURE analysis, on the basis of drought tolerance level. The average value of genetic dissimilarity coefficient among the genotypes was observed to be 0.486. Furthermore, by combining genotyping data with phenotyping data, 16 new donors for 6 qDTYs were identified.  相似文献   

Moisture-dependent physical properties of Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) kernel     

R.C. Pradhan  S.N. Naik  N. Bhatnagar  S.K. Swain 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,28(2):155-161

The moisture-dependent physical properties are important to design post harvest equipments of the product. The physical properties of Karanja kernel were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 8.56–22.22% d.b. The average length, width, thickness and 1000 kernel mass were 25.29 mm, 15.58 mm, 7.88 mm and 1036.45 g, respectively, at moisture content of 8.56% d.b. The geometric mean diameter and sphericity increased from 14.55 to 15.97 mm and 0.57 to 0.6 as moisture content increased from 8.56 to 22.22% d.b., respectively. In the same moisture range, the bulk density decreased from 663 to 616 kg/m³, whereas the corresponding true density and porosity increased from 967 to 1081 kg/m³ and 31.44 to 43.02%, respectively. As the moisture content increased from 8.56 to 22.22% d.b., the angle of repose and surface areas were found to increase from 27.69 to 37.33° and 665.74 to 801.63 mm², respectively. The static coefficient of friction of Karanja kernel increased linearly against the surfaces of three structural materials, namely plywood (28.72%), mild steel sheet (29.88%) and aluminium (18.86%) as the moisture content increased from 8.56 to 22.22% d.b.  相似文献   

A novel, progressive, sclerosing panencephalitis in a horse     

Swain JM  Hudson NP  Rhind SM  Baird PM  Mayhew IG 《Equine veterinary journal》2005,37(3):276-280

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Effect of graded levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Verma J  Johri TS  Swain BK  Ameena S 《British poultry science》2004,45(4):512-518

1. The effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg), ochratoxin (OA, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) or combinations of these on body weight gain, feed efficiency, organ weights and immune response were studied in broilers. 2. Significant growth depression, reduced food consumption and poor food conversion efficiency were recorded in broilers fed a diet containing the greater concentrations of AF (1 and 2 mg/kg) and OA (2 and 4 mg/kg). 3. The combination of 2 mg/kg AF and 4 mg/kg OA exerted the maximum adverse effect on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency, indicating a synergistic effect on performance. 4. AF at 2 mg/kg in the diet caused a significant increase in the relative weight of liver, whereas the relative weight of kidney was significantly increased at 4 mg/kg of OA. A significant decrease in the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius was noted at the highest concentration of AF (2 mg/kg) and combinations of 1 and 2 mg/kg AF and 2 and 4 mg/kg OA. 5. Cell mediated immunity (CMI), in terms of mean skin thickness (MST) sensitive to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), was significantly reduced in chicks given the combination of 2 mg/kg AF and 4 mg/kg OA. Haemagglutination (HA) titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) peaked at 42 d of age. At 42 and 47 d of age, a significant decrease in HA titres was recorded in chicks given 4 mg/kg OA or a combination of AF (1 or 2 mg/kg) and OA (2 or 4 mg/kg). 6. AF at a dietary concentration of 1 mg/kg or more and OA at 2 mg/kg or more, either alone or in combination, caused severe reductions in growth and immune response.  相似文献   

Cell-surface lactoferrin as a marker for degranulation of specific granules in bovine neutrophils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Swain SD  Jutila KL  Quinn MT 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(1):29-37

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rapid and accurate flow cytometric method for measuring degranulation of specific granules in bovine neutrophils. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples obtained from four 6- to 18-month-old Holstein cattle. PROCEDURE: A monoclonal antibody (BL97) was generated against bovine lactoferrin and tested for applicability in ELISA, immunoprecipitation tests, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometric analyses. Using this antibody, cell-surface lactoferrin was measured concurrent with amount of secreted lactoferrin from bovine neutrophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Cell-surface lactoferrin also was measured on neutrophils in bovine whole blood stimulated with PMA, platelet-activating factor (PAF), N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), and interleukin 8 (IL-8). RESULTS: Antibody BL97 recognized bovine lactoferrin in ELISA and western immunoblots and was useful for immunoprecipitation testing, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometric analyses of bovine leukocytes. Neutrophils activated with PMA had parallel increases in content of secreted lactoferrin (measured by ELISA) and cell-surface lactoferrin (measured by flow cytometry) with increasing PMA concentrations. In addition, fluorescein-conjugated BL97 antibody detected increases in cell-surface lactoferrin on neutrophils in bovine whole blood after activation with PMA, PAF, and IL-8. In contrast, increases in cell-surface lactoferrin were not detected on bovine neutrophils treated with fMLF. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Measurement of cell-surface lactoferrin on bovine neutrophils by flow cytometry is a valid and rapid method for assessment of release of lactoferrin from specific granules in these cells and represents a means to rapidly measure neutrophil activation. This technique allows for investigation of mechanisms of neutrophil modification in isolated cells as well as in whole blood.  相似文献   

Seasonal Variations in Seminal Plasma Proteins of Buffalo     

L Sharma  V Pandey  R Nigam  P Singh  A Saxena  DK Swain 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):387-391

The study was designed to evaluate the influence of season on semen characteristics and seminal plasma protein profile of buffalo bull semen. Thirty‐six ejaculates were collected in three seasons (winter, summer and rainy) from six adult Bhadawari bulls, and semen characteristics were evaluated immediately after collection. The seminal plasma was harvested by centrifugation and protein profiling, and percentage protein fractions were analysed by SDS‐PAGE. The significant effect of season was observed on ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, percentage live spermatozoa, hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOST) and acrosomal integrity. The electrophoretogram of seminal plasma proteins revealed 20 protein bands in winter, 23 bands in rainy and 25 bands in summer seasons, illustrating the significant effect of seasons on seminal plasma proteins. Among these protein bands, 18 bands were observed common in semen samples of all three seasons while protein bands of 46, 55, 58, 144 and 160 kDa were found in rainy and summer seasons. The protein bands of 48 and 60 kDa were observed only in winter season, whereas 184 and 200 kDa were reported in summer season only. The protein fractions (protein%) of common protein bands observed in three seasons revealed a significant effect of season on protein bands of 24.5, 66, 70, 72, 84 and 86 kDa. From the study, it was pertinent that bull seminal plasma contains specific proteins in particular season, which may be associated with some of the semen characteristics, and these proteins could be used as markers of the semen quality of buffalo bulls.  相似文献   

Lessons from the silica "decline" in lake michigan     

Shapiro J  Swain EB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4609):457-459

A new analysis of data obtained from water treatment plants on Lake Michigan fails to support published contentions, based on such data, that the silica content of the lake has declined during the last five decades. The purported silica decline appears to have been due to changes in analytical methods and laboratories. Had such changes been avoided, an invaluable record of the silica content of the lake could have been obtained.  相似文献   

Increasing rates of atmospheric mercury deposition in midcontinental north america   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Swain EB  Engstrom DR  Brigham ME  Henning TA  Brezonik PL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,257(5071):784-787

Mercury contamination of remote lakes has been attributed to increasing deposition of atmospheric mercury, yet historic deposition rates and inputs from terrestrial sources are essentially unknown. Sediments of seven headwater lakes in Minnesota and Wisconsin were used to reconstruct regional modern and preindustrial deposition rates of mercury. Whole-basin mercury fluxes, determined from lake-wide arrays of dated cores, indicate that the annual deposition of atmospheric mercury has increased from 3.7 to 12.5 micrograms per square meter since 1850 and that 25 percent of atmospheric mercury deposition to the terrestrial catchment is exported to the lake. The deposition increase is similar among sites, implying regional or global sources for the mercury entering these lakes.  相似文献