点柄粘盖牛肝菌菌塘中可培养微生物多样性研究     

王明花  张举龙  张国庆  程继鸿  陈青君 《北京农学院学报》2015,30(1):41-44

以北京延庆县四海镇黑汉岭油松林中的点柄粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus granulatus)菌塘土为材料,通过微生物传统培养方法,分离出细菌、真菌、放线菌,并对其中优势菌群的培养性状及形态特征进行观察统计。研究结果表明,有大量的微生物存在于Suillus granulatus的菌塘中,共分离纯化出160株菌株,其中真菌菌株46株,优势菌株8种;细菌菌株72株,优势菌株9种;放线菌菌株42株,优势菌株3种。这些分离出的微生物为进一步展开Suillus granulatus人工驯化研究提供了试验材料。  相似文献   

基于LUCC的承德市域生态系统服务价值演变分析与优化研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邵明  李雄  刘志成  张云路  成超男 《北京林业大学学报》2021,43(3):106-116

  目的  城市市域范围绿色空间生态系统服务价值的量化评估是国土空间规划中重要的工作基础,在价值测度的基础上对其进行演变预测,更有助于规划者了解并衡量城市市域范围内现有生态存量与未来发展趋势和潜在问题,从而预先进行规划回应。  方法  为明确承德市域土地空间利用演变对区域生态系统服务价值的影响,结合RS与GIS技术,对承德市市域范围内土地利用/覆被变化（Land Use/Land Cover Change, LUCC）演变特征进行分析,同时利用单位面积价值当量因子法对承德市域范围生态系统服务价值进行测算,在此基础上运用CA-MARKOV模型预测2026年承德市域土地利用演变趋势和生态空间存量和生态系统服务价值变化情况。  结果  承德市域生态系统服务价值总体呈现明显下降趋势。1980—2018年间（1980、1990、2000、2010、2018年,共5期）承德市域生态系统服务价值总量分别为1 038.51亿、1 035.93亿、1 036.09亿、1 009.71亿、999.36亿元。同时,模拟结果显示,2026年承德市域预测服务价值仍将处于下降趋势,价值降幅约为9.97亿元。  结论  承德市域生态系统服务价值空间维度呈现明显斑块状分布,核心服务功能集中在西北部和南部林地区域,时间维度出现显著功能缩减,核心缩减区域集中在各市县已建成区边缘区域。本研究从空间分布、时间演变和发展预测等多方面总结了承德市域生态系统服务功能演变和空间变化规律,从而为承德市域后续国土空间发展规划和管控策略的拟定提供依据。   相似文献   

双孢蘑菇培养料木质纤维素利用及相关酶活性变化的研究     

杨亚茹  张国庆  陈青君  蔡盼盼  王清辉  杨世丽 《北京农学院学报》2021,36(1):53-60

[目的]探究双孢蘑菇培养料理化性质、木质纤维素降解与其相关酶活性变化,为双孢蘑菇工厂化栽培建立科学的指标评价体系奠定理论基础.[方法]对3批次工厂化栽培的双孢蘑菇从堆肥到出菇的理化参数和木质纤维素及相关降解酶活性进行测定,并统计每批次产量.[结果]3批次培养料理化性状指标均在适宜范围.建堆时,培养料中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素相对含量分别为23.19％、19.64％和16.12％;二次发酵结束时,三者相对含量分别为15.73％、10.93％和22.96％;双孢蘑菇出菇结束时,三者相对含量分别为8.37％、4.27％和18.98％.表明堆肥时期微生物和双孢蘑菇均优先利用纤维素和半纤维素,而对木质素的利用率相对较低.堆肥时期纤维素降解酶活性平稳,第1潮菇时急速升高,以后逐渐下降,其中羧甲基纤维素酶的活性(11.02～149.52 U/g)远高于α-纤维二糖酶活性(0.37～13.30 U/g),是降解纤维素的主要酶类.3种半纤维素降解酶在堆肥时期呈波动式变化,在第1潮菇时活性达到最高,其中木聚糖酶的活性(58.65～176.25 U/g)高于木糖苷酶活性(0.55～5.07 U/g)和α-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶的活性(2.29～39.60U/g),是分解半纤维素的主要酶类.漆酶在堆肥时期几乎没有活性,菌丝长满时活性急剧升高至14.57 U/g,并保持至原基形成.第3批次的各种酶活性、生物转化率明显高于第1批次和第2批次.[结论]3批次双孢蘑菇培养料的理化指标及酶活性变化趋势一致.在堆肥时期和出菇时期,优先利用半纤维素和纤维素,而木质素利用率较低.羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、漆酶是降解木质纤维素的主要酶类,各种酶活性与产量呈正相关.  相似文献   

4C─80型微电机驱动采茶机的设计     

邵陆寿 《茶叶科学》1996,(1)

阐述了一种微电机驱动采茶机的设计方法及有关切割与集叶的理论分析。通过对切割部分的优化设计，找到了减少碎片率的结构参数。  相似文献   

Tank cultivation of the red alga Palmaria palmata: Year-round induction of tetrasporangia, tetraspore release in darkness and mass cultivation of vegetative thalli     

Shao Jun Pang  Klaus Lüning 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,252(1):20-30

Field-collected tetrasporophytes of Palmaria palmata were tumbled in 300-L outdoor tanks from January to August at ambient daylength or in a constant short-day (SD) regime (8 h light per day), both at 10 or 15 °C. Tetrasporangia were massively induced after 2.5 months under SD conditions at 10 °C and completely lacking at 15 °C, both under SD or ambient daylength conditions, with a few tetrasporangia present at 10 °C and ambient daylength. Elongation rates of tagged tetrasporophytic thalli peaked from March to April in all four conditions, when the biomass densities in the outdoor tanks were close to 2.5 kg fresh weight m^− 2. Under all four conditions, juvenile proliferations started to appear in June from the margins of the old fronds, and attained approximately 1 cm in length by the end of July.Approximately 80% of the tetraspores were released during the first three dark phases in a light/dark regime, and the remaining 20% during the light phases. A minimum of 10 min darkness was observed to trigger spore release. White light inhibited tetraspore release, while a similar number of spores were released in continuous red light or in the light/dark regime, although with no significant differences of spore release during subjective days and nights.Sporelings were successfully derived from the released tetraspores for mass propagation of the male gametophyte in 2000-L outdoor tanks in a greenhouse. Mass production of male gametophytic sporelings of P. palmata was completed two times by SD induction of tetrasporangia at 10 °C, release of spores in darkness and culturing the sporelings until they were ready to be propagated vegetatively in greenhouse tanks. One experiment lasted from January to October 2001, with spore release in June, and the second from September to April 2003, with spore release in January. These results may support the development of sustainable, year-round Palmaria farming.  相似文献   

Hg~(2+)对细叶蜈蚣草营养繁殖的影响     

沈盎绿  沈新强  邵留  姚维志 《海洋渔业》2005,27(3):236-240

研究了不同梯度浓度的Hg2+对细叶蜈蚣草营养繁殖的影响。结果表明:Hg2+浓度>1.50mg/L的实验组中整个断枝叶片褪绿严重,甚至新芽的颜色与对照组相比也褪色不少。随着Hg2+浓度的增大,细叶蜈蚣草断枝发芽率呈下降趋势,6月份的断枝发芽率比11月份的高,因此Hg2+浓度>1.50mg/L处理抑制了细叶蜈蚣草断枝生殖。Hg2+浓度<1.00mg/L的各实验组之间侧枝新芽平均长度无明显差异,平均长度均在1.0cm以上;Hg2+浓度>1.00mg/L实验组中的侧枝新芽长度随着Hg2+浓度的增加而缩短,平均新芽长度在1.0cm以下。不同浓度Hg2+对细叶蜈蚣草侧枝发芽个数的影响没有明显的规律,Hg2+浓度>1.00mg/L处理已对细叶蜈蚣草侧枝生殖产生毒害作用。  相似文献   

栉孔扇贝外套膜和鳃粘液细胞的类型与分布   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

孙虎山  王宜艳  王平  吴韶菊  孙修勤  李光友 《中国水产科学》2002,9(4):315-317,W006

采用AB PAS染色法显微观察和分析人工养殖 3龄栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri,壳长 4 0～ 5 0mm)外套膜和鳃粘液细胞类型与分布规律。结果表明 ,粘液细胞分为 4种类型 ,Ⅰ型呈红色 ,Ⅱ型呈蓝色 ,Ⅲ型呈紫红色 ,Ⅳ型呈蓝紫色。不同部位 ,粘液细胞类型、密度及形态不同 ,这与其功能密切相关。外套膜边缘膜及生壳突起内、外表皮粘液细胞均以Ⅱ型为主 ,密度较小 ,形态主要为梨形、杯形、圆形 ,并多为大型细胞 ;中央膜内表皮以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型较多 ,形态多为圆形或不规则形 ,外表皮只有Ⅱ型细胞分布 ;鳃轴表皮粘液细胞以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型为多 ,形态为圆形、杯形或不规则形 ;鳃丝表皮粘液细胞多为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型 ,形态多为圆形 ,少量为杯形 ;外套膜感觉突起和缘膜突起的表皮中无明显着色的粘液细胞 ,而是被大量棕色颗粒充满  相似文献   

Changes of enzyme activity and hematopoiesis in Chinese prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck) induced by white spot syndrome virus and zymosan A   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhi Feng Zhang  Ming Yu Shao  & Kyoung Ho Kang 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(7):674-681

White spot syndrome virus and zymosan A were used to stimulate the Chinese prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck), and enzyme activities in organs involved in immune defence e.g., lymphoid organ, hepatopancreas and gill, total haemocyte count and mitotic index of haematopoietic tissue (HPT) were measured. The results showed that activities of phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were higher in lymphoid organ than in gill. The hepatopancreas had no PO activity, its SOD activity was similar to the lymphoid organ, and its ALP and ACP activities were higher than lymphoid organ and gill. Phenoloxidase activity in lymphoid organ was higher than that of the control group at 2 h after injection and lower than control after 24 h. Superoxide dismutase activity in all organs showed an increase. Alkaline phosphatase activity in lymphoid organ and gill was higher than that of the control group at 2 and 24 h after injection respectively. The difference in ACP activity was not significant. After injection with zymosan A, the mitotic index of HPT increased by 1.5‐fold compared with the control, and returned to control level after 48 h.  相似文献   

Chlorogenic acid attenuates inflammation,oxidative stress,apoptosis and protects head kidney macrophage of yellow catfish from ammonia toxicity     

Haibo Jiang  Kewei He  Xueping Luo  Muzi Zhang  Jian Shao  Lei Gan  Yanhong Lin  Chuanjie Qin  Hui Zhang  Qiwei Wei 《Aquaculture Research》2022,53(1):168-177

Ammonia is the most common contaminants found in aquaculture water that seriously endangers fish health. However, there are few studies on the strategy and mechanism on alleviating ammonia toxicity in fish. The current study aimed to observe the cytotoxic effects of ammonia and the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on head kidney macrophage of yellow catfish from the perspective of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The cells were randomized into normal control, ammonia group (0.23 mg L^?1), CGA group (125 µmol L^?1), CGA (5, 25, 125 µmol L^?1) + ammonia (0.23 mg L^?1) groups. Cells were pretreated with CGA for 1 h followed by ammonia for 24 h. Findings suggested that ammonia treatment reduced cell viability, increased ROS production, up-regulated antioxidant (SOD, GPx) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, NF-κB p65) genes expression, down-regulated the mRNA levels of M2-type macrophage marker (Arg-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2), and CGA attenuated the toxic effects of ammonia. The findings may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of ammonia toxicity and suggest that CGA can be used as a potential natural supplement to alleviate ammonia toxicity in fish.  相似文献   

一种基于NFC的农产品溯源系统     

张友桥  吕昂  邵鹏飞 《中国农机化学报》2015,(2):145-149

传统的RFID和二维码农产品溯源系统需要专门的阅读设备才能查询农产品溯源信息,用户使用不便,造成产品推广、普及困难。本文结合智能手机中的NFC模块,提出一种基于NFC的农产品溯源系统,可以通过智能手机查询农产品溯源信息。系统改进溯源信息存储位置、存储方式和存储权限,提高农产品溯源信息的可靠性、公正性和真实性,并采用B/S架构,可以兼容多种硬件平台和操作系统。  相似文献