In Reply to Spine Protection in the Austere Environment     

Robert Quinn  Jason Williams  Brad Bennett  Gregory Stiller  Arthur Islas  Seth McCord 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(3):367-369

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Catch per unit effort standardization of the eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fleet     

Brian C. Battaile  Terrance J. Quinn II   《Fisheries Research》2004,70(2-3):161-177

A general linear model (GLM) was used to standardize catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the Bering Sea fleet for the years 1995–1999. Data were stratified temporally by year and season and spatially by area using either Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reporting areas. Four factors were used: vessel identification (ID) number, vessel speed, percentage of pollock by weight in the haul (a measure of targeting), and whether most of the haul took place before or after sunset. At least 29 combinations of main effects, quadratic covariates, and interactions were tested for each year/area/season stratum. GLM models explained from 31 to 48% of the total sums of squares. Vessel identification number was included in all models and explained the most variability. Of the remaining factors, the square of the percentage of pollock in the haul was included in most models, following an F-test to determine parsimony. Analysis of the vessel identification number coefficients indicated that larger vessels tended to have higher CPUEs; and that this relationship differed between dedicated catcher vessels and offshore catcher processors. Coefficient estimates and response surfaces generally indicated increased CPUEs with the percentage of pollock in the haul and showed mixed results with vessel speed. The vessel identification number incorporated most vessel characteristics, leaving vessel speed primarily as a fitting variable with less biological meaning. The year/area/season stratification procedure was found to be necessary due to the unbalanced design, which otherwise would have factor levels with no data in a large combined model. In addition, the stratification procedure reduced the variability in CPUE substantially.  相似文献   

Production of Induced Secondary Metabolites by a Co-Culture of Sponge-Associated Actinomycetes,Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163     

Yousef Dashti  Tanja Grkovic  Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen  Ute Hentschel  Ronald J. Quinn 《Marine drugs》2014,12(5):3046-3059

Two sponge-derived actinomycetes, Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163, were grown in co-culture and the presence of induced metabolites monitored by ¹H NMR. Ten known compounds, including angucycline, diketopiperazine and β-carboline derivatives 1–10, were isolated from the EtOAc extracts of Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163. Co-cultivation of Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163 induced the biosynthesis of three natural products that were not detected in the single culture of either microorganism, namely N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamide (11), 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine (12) and 5a,6,11a,12-tetrahydro-5a,11a-dimethyl[1,4]benzoxazino[3,2-b][1,4]benzoxazine (13a). When tested for biological activity against a range of bacteria and parasites, only the phenazine 12 was active against Bacillus sp. P25, Trypanosoma brucei and interestingly, against Actinokineospora sp. EG49. These findings highlight the co-cultivation approach as an effective strategy to access the bioactive secondary metabolites hidden in the genomes of marine actinomycetes.  相似文献   

Sediment Quality in Burlington Harbor,Lake Champlain,U.S.A.     

Lacey  E. M.  King  J. W.  Quinn  J. G.  Mecray  E. L.  Appleby  P. G.  Hunt  A. S. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,126(1-2):97-120

Surface samples and cores were collected in 1993 fromthe Burlington Harbor region of Lake Champlain. Sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals(cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, silver and zinc),simultaneously extracted metal/acid volatile sulfide(SEM-AVS), grain size, nutrients (carbon and nitrogen)and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)). The concentrations of cadmium, copper,silver and zinc from the partial sediment digestion ofthe surface samples correlated well with each other(r ²>0.60) indicating that either a commonprocess, or group of processes determined the sedimentconcentrations of these metals. In an analysis of thespatial distribution of the trace metals and PAHs,high surficial concentrations were present in thesouthern portion of the Harbor. The trace metal trendwas strengthened when the concentrations werenormalized by grain size. A sewage treatment plantoutfall discharge was present in the southeasternportion of the Harbor at the time of this study and isthe major source of trace metal and PAH contamination. Evaluation of sediment cores provides a proxy recordof historical trace metal and organic inputs. Thepeak accumulation rate for copper, cadmium, lead, andzinc was in the late 1960s and the peak silveraccumulation rate was later. The greatestaccumulation of trace metals occurred in the late1960s after discharges from the STP began. Subsequentdeclines in trace metal concentrations may beattributed to increased water and air regulations. The potential toxicity of trace metals and organiccontaminants was predicted by comparing contaminantconcentrations to benchmark concentrations andpotential trace metal bioavailability was predictedwith SEM-AVS results. Surface sample results indicate lead,silver, ΣPAHs and ΣPCBs are potentially toxicand/or bioavailable. These predictions were supportedby studies of biota in the Burlington Harborwatershed. There is a clear trend of decreasing PAHand trace metal contaminant concentrations withdistance from the STP outfall.  相似文献   

Bubble formation in physical and biological systems: a manifestation of counterdiffusion in composite media     

D J Graves  J Idicula  C J Lambertsen  J A Quinn 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(73):582-584

The counterdiffusion of gases across a composite layer can lead to supersaturation and development of bubbles within the layer. A physicochemical model has been derived to predict the extent of such supersaturation; experiments with inert liquid layers confirm predictions. These findings explain the evolution of cutaneous lesions observed in man during simulated deep-sea dives and the cutaneous lesions and intravascular bubbles experimentally induced in pigs by exchanging certain inert gases across the skin. The phenomena associated with counterdiffusion have widespread physical and biological implications.  相似文献   

Dentate gyrus NMDA receptors mediate rapid pattern separation in the hippocampal network     

McHugh TJ  Jones MW  Quinn JJ  Balthasar N  Coppari R  Elmquist JK  Lowell BB  Fanselow MS  Wilson MA  Tonegawa S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5834):94-99

Forming distinct representations of multiple contexts, places, and episodes is a crucial function of the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus subregion has been suggested to fulfill this role. We have tested this hypothesis by generating and analyzing a mouse strain that lacks the gene encoding the essential subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1, specifically in dentate gyrus granule cells. The mutant mice performed normally in contextual fear conditioning, but were impaired in the ability to distinguish two similar contexts. A significant reduction in the context-specific modulation of firing rate was observed in the CA3 pyramidal cells when the mutant mice were transferred from one context to another. These results provide evidence that NMDA receptors in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus play a crucial role in the process of pattern separation.  相似文献   

Enrichment of heavy metals and organic compounds in the surface microlayer of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R A Duce  J G Quinn  C E Olney  S R Piotrowicz  B J Ray  T L Wade 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,176(31):161-163

Concentrations of lead, iron, nickel, copper, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons are enriched from 1.5 to 50 times in the top 100 to 150 micrometers of Narragansett Bay water relative to the bulk water 20 centimeters below the surface. Trace metal enrichment was observed in the particulate and organic fractions but not in the inorganic fraction. If these substances are concentrated in films only a few molecular layers thick on the water surface, the actual enrichment factor in the films may be well over 10(4), resulting in extremely high localized pollutant concentrations in the surface microlayer.  相似文献   

Agricultural biotech. U.K. probes public opposition to GM crops     

Eastman Q 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1637-1638

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Fluorine Is a Major Constituent of the Marine Sponge Halichondria moorei     

Gregson RP  Baldo BA  Thomas PG  Quinn RJ  Bergquist PR  Stephens JF  Horne AR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,206(4422):1108-1109

Fluorine constitutes about 10 percent of the dry weight of the marine sponge Halichondria moorei. The fluorine occurs as potassium fluorosilicate, which is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. A closely related sponge living in the same habitat does not contain any fluorine. The habitat was found to be free of fluorine except for the small amount naturally present in seawater.  相似文献   

Manufacturing decline yields drug shortages     

Connelly P  Quinn BP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6039):156-157

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