Postoperative regurgitation in dogs after upper airway surgery to treat brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: 258 cases (2013-2017)     

Joy V. H. Fenner BVM BVS  MRCVS  Robert J. Quinn BVMS  DECVS  MRCVS  Jackie L. Demetriou BVetMed  DECVS  MRCVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(1):53-60

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In vitro elution of amikacin and Dispersin B from a polymer hydrogel     

Chris R. M. Hagen BSc  DVM  Ameet Singh DVM  DVSc  DAVCS  J. Scott Weese DVM  DVSc  DACVIM  Quinn Marshall BSc  Alex zur Linden DVM  DACVR  Thomas W. G. Gibson DVM  DVSc  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(5):1035-1042

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Effects of roughage concentration in steam-flaked corn-based diets containing wet distillers grains with solubles on feedlot cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and in vitro fermentation     

May ML  Quinn MJ  Dilorenzo N  Smith DR  Galyean ML 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(2):549-559

Two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDG) and dietary concentration of alfalfa hay (AH) on performance of finishing beef cattle and in vitro fermentation. In both studies, 7 treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial; factors were dietary concentrations (DM basis) of WDG (15 or 30%) and AH (7.5, 10, or 12.5%) plus a non-WDG control diet that contained 10% AH. In Exp. 1, 224 beef steers were used in a randomized complete block (initial BW 342 kg ± 9.03) finishing trial. No WDG × AH interactions were observed (P > 0.12). There were no differences among treatments in final shrunk BW or ADG (P > 0.15), and DMI did not differ with WDG concentration for the overall feeding period (P = 0.38). Increasing dietary AH concentration tended (P < 0.079) to linearly increase DMI, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) G:F and calculated dietary NE(m) and NE(g) concentrations. Carcasses from cattle fed 15% WDG had greater yield grades (P = 0.014), with tendencies for greater 12th-rib fat (P = 0.054) and marbling score (P = 0.053) than those from cattle fed 30% WDG. There were no differences among treatments (P > 0.15) in HCW, dressing percent, LM area, KPH, proportions of cattle grading USDA Choice, and incidence of liver abscesses. In Exp. 2, ruminal fluid was collected from 2 ruminally cannulated Jersey steers adapted to a 60% concentrate diet to evaluate in vitro gas production kinetics, H(2)S production, IVDMD, and VFA. Relative to the control substrate, including WDG in substrates increased (P < 0.01) H(2)S production and decreased total gas production (P = 0.01) and rate of gas production (P = 0.03). Increasing substrate WDG from 15 to 30% increased (P < 0.05) H(2)S production and decreased (P < 0.001) total gas production, with a tendency (P = 0.073) to decrease IVDMD and fractional rate of gas production (P = 0.063). Treatments did not significantly affect (P > 0.09) molar proportions or total concentration of VFA. Results indicate that including 15 or 30% WDG in steam-flaked corn-based diets did not result in major changes in feedlot performance or carcass characteristics, but increasing AH concentration from 7.5 to 12.5% in diets containing WDG decreased G:F. Including WDG in substrates decreased rate and extent of gas production and increased H(2)S production. Changes in various measures of in vitro fermentation associated with AH concentrations were not large.  相似文献   

Modelling the dispersion of aerial pollutants from agricultural buildings — an evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     

A. D. Quinn  M. Wilson  A. M. Reynolds  S. B. Couling  R. P. Hoxey   《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2001,30(1-3)

Agricultural buildings, especially those used for intensive livestock production, are significant sources of aerial pollutants. This paper explores some of the computational modelling methods available to predict near field concentrations of a pollutant emitted from a building opening. The modelling approaches used here are restricted in application to effectively weightless particles, such as a low concentration pollutant gas. The flow patterns were predicted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and linked to this computed flow field were two dispersion models, a Eulerian diffusion model and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique, both used to predict ensemble mean gas concentration. Explicit account has been taken here of variations in mean wind direction, using a new technique based on the weighted summation of individual wind direction results according to the probability density function of the wind direction. The atmospheric boundary layer is characterised by variations in wind direction that do not occur in simulated wind tunnel flows and are not generally reproduced in current computational methods. For comparison, the results of the modelling approach are compared with mean concentrations of ammonia gas released as a tracer from an isolated low rise building. The results of this comparison indicate that at a distance of more than three building heights downstream the predictions from both models are satisfactory but that in the near wake the diffusion model is less successful. The weighted solutions, taking account of wind direction, give significantly improved predictions over unweighted results. Lack of plume spread is identified as the main cause of inaccuracies in predictions and this is linked to inadequate resolution of flow features and mixing in the CFD model. The use of modelling based on CFD and existing dispersion models is clearly limited and further work on non-steady state simulations of wake flows for dispersion studies is required.  相似文献   

Genomic heterogeneity of AIDS retroviral isolates from North America and Zaire   总被引：54，自引：0，他引：54  

S Benn  R Rutledge  T Folks  J Gold  L Baker  J McCormick  P Feorino  P Piot  T Quinn  M Martin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,230(4728):949-951

In an analysis of the genomic variation of AIDS retroviral isolates from patients living in New York, Alabama, and Zaire, restriction maps were constructed by using seven enzymes, each known to cleave the proviral DNA more than once, in conjunction with Southern blot analysis. The maps of LAV, HTLV-III, and ARV-2 as deduced from their published nucleotide sequences were included in this analysis. The results demonstrated that (i) several "signature" restriction sites were common to all isolates; (ii) with the exception of LAV and HTLV-III, the North American and European isolates were all different from one another and showed no geographical specificity; (iii) the African isolates as a group were more diverse than those from North America and Europe; and (iv) the genomic variability was concentrated within the env gene.  相似文献   

TMV载体上发生的的前体mRNA基因剪接效应     

叶新福  Quinn Li 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(2)

根据以往的报道,TMV基因只存在于细胞质中且不发生基因剪接,前体mRNA(Pre-mR鄄NA)的剪接只能发生在细胞核中。本研究应用RT-PCR,DNA序列测定及GUS INTRON的点突变和荧光检测等研究手段,首次发现TMV载体中GUS基因的表达和前体mRNA的剪接同时发生,证明了GUS基因在TMV载体上的剪接效应。  相似文献   

An Assessment of Bacterial Populations in a Static Windrow Compost Pile     

Joshua S. MacCready  Nathan J. Elbert  Ann B. Quinn  Beth A. Potter 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):110-120

ABSTRACT

Many companies, restaurants, colleges, as well as individual homeowners, have initiated green marketing campaigns, and the composting of food and yard wastes has become commonplace. Thus, it is essential to obtain a more complete understanding of the microbial populations present in such composting processes. The focus of this study was to identify bacterial populations in a static windrow compost pile initiated on a college campus containing food trim and tree debris. Given that the compost pile was initiated during the winter it was uniquely characterized by a pre-mesophilic stage in addition to the characteristic mesophilic, thermophilic, and cooling/maturation stages. Bacteria were cultured from each stage and were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Dominating the numbers throughout the study were bacteria within the Bacillus and Bacillus-like genera. Actinobacteria were found primarily within the pre-mesophilic stage. The mesophilic and beginning thermophilic stages displayed the most diversity, characterized by several different genera within the Proteobacteria phylum. In contrast, during the late thermophilic stage, only bacteria within the Bacillus and Brevibacillus genera were cultured. Overall, 49 different species within 27 different genera, 13 families, and 4 phyla, were identified and several genera that have not been commonly associated with household compost. Thus, this study supports a role for the continuation of culture-dependent studies to more completely define the bacterial flora involved in various composting processes.  相似文献   

Tooth size and skin thickness in mature sockeye salmon: evidence for habitat constraints and variable investment between the sexes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. P. Johnson  S. M. Carlson  T. P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(3):331-338

Abstract –  Pacific salmon develop many sexually dimorphic features at maturity, and the extent of development varies among populations. In this study, we compared a suite of traits including body length, body depth, jaw length, tooth size and skin mass in male and female sockeye salmon breeding in beach and creek habitats. Both tooth size and skin mass varied positively with body length. Within each of the breeding habitats, males had longer teeth than females, and within each sex, beach spawners had longer teeth than creek spawners. Males also had heavier skin than females in each habitat but, unlike the case with tooth size, creek spawners showed a much stronger relationship between skin mass and body length than did beach spawners. Tooth length was positively related to jaw length and skin mass among individuals within a given sex and habitat. Taken together, these results suggested that variation in tooth size parallels variation in other sexually dimorphic traits. Males and beach spawners tend to exhibit large trait values relative to females and creek spawners, and 'well-endowed' individuals displayed high values of all traits rather than a trade-off as might occur if investment in one trait compromised investment in others. However, the finding that creek fish tended to have thicker skin for a given body length than did beach fish suggested that factors other than merely defense against conspecifics during battle, such as abrasion and desiccation resistance in small streams, may influence the evolution of skin mass in mature sockeye salmon.  相似文献   

Development of benthic monitoring methods using photoquadrats and scuba on heterogeneous hard‐substrata: a boulder‐slope community case study     

H. Van Rein  D.S. Schoeman  C.J. Brown  R. Quinn  J. Breen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(7):676-689

A metapopulation perspective for salmon and other anadromous fish     

Nicolas Schtickzelle  & Thomas P. Quinn 《Fish and Fisheries》2007,8(4):297-314

Salmonids are an important component of biodiversity, culture and economy in several regions, particularly the North Pacific Rim. Given this importance, they have been intensively studied for about a century, and the pioneering scientists recognized the critical link between population structure and conservation. Spatial structure is indeed of prime importance for salmon conservation and management. At first glance, the essence of the metapopulation concept, i.e. a population of populations, widely used on other organisms like butterflies, seems to be particularly relevant to salmon, and more generally to anadromous fish. Nevertheless, the concept is rarely used, and barely tested. Here, we present a metapopulation perspective for anadromous fish, assessing in terms of processes rather than of patterns the set of necessary conditions for metapopulation dynamics to exist. Salmon, and particularly sockeye salmon in Alaska, are used as an illustrative case study. A review of life history traits indicates that the three basic conditions are likely to be fulfilled by anadromous salmon: (i) the spawning habitat is discrete and populations are spatially separated by unsuitable habitat; (ii) some asynchrony is present in the dynamics of more or less distant populations and (iii) dispersal links populations because some salmon stray from their natal population. The implications of some peculiarities of salmon life history traits, unusual in classical metapopulations, are also discussed. Deeper understanding of the population structure of anadromous fish will be advanced by future studies on specific topics: (i) criteria must be defined for the delineation of suitable habitats that are based on features of the biotope and not on the presence of fish; (ii) the collection of long‐term data and the development of improved methods to determine age structure are essential for correctly estimating levels of asynchrony between populations and (iii) several key aspects of dispersal are still poorly understood and need to be examined in detail: the spatial and temporal scales of dispersal movements, the origin and destination populations instead of simple straying rates, and the relative reproductive success of immigrants and residents.  相似文献