The effect of stanozolol on 15nitrogen retention in the dog.          下载免费PDF全文

M E Olson  D W Morck    K B Quinn 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2000,64(4):246-248

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of either oral or intramuscular administration of stanozolol on nitrogen retention in dogs by using a non-invasive 15N-amino acid tracer technique. Ten healthy, intact, adult male sled dogs received either stanozolol tablets, 2 mg/dog PO, q12h, for 25 days (Group 1, n = 5) or an intramuscular injection of 25 mg of stanozolol on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 (Group 2, n = 5). A 15N amino acid (5.27 mmol) was infused intravenously into each dog on Day 0 (before stanozolol treatment) and on Day 31 (after stanozolol treatment). Urine was collected by catheterization from each animal 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days. The 15N-urea enrichment in urine was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and the total amount of urea in the urine was determined. Both oral and injectable stanozolol resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in amino acid nitrogen retention compared to pretreatment values. Oral stanozolol increased nitrogen retention from 29.2 +/- 8.2% to 50.3 +/- 9.2%, while stanozolol injection increased nitrogen retention from 26.6 +/- 9.9% to 67.0 +/- 7.5%. The response to intramuscular administration was significantly greater than the response to the oral dosing regime. Stanozolol increases amino acid nitrogen retention in dogs, as has been previously observed in rats. This action of stanozolol may be beneficial in dogs under stress of surgical trauma and chronic disease.  相似文献   

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, recruitment in the Bering Sea and north-east Pacific Ocean, II: relationships to environmental variables and implications for forecasting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Erik H. Williams  & Terrance J. Quinn II 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(4):300-315

Previous studies have shown that Pacific herring populations in the Bering Sea and north-east Pacific Ocean can be grouped based on similar recruitment time series. The scale of these groups suggests large-scale influence on recruitment fluctuations from the environment. Recruitment time series from 14 populations were analysed to determine links to various environmental variables and to develop recruitment forecasting models using a Ricker-type environmentally dependent spawner–recruit model. The environmental variables used for this investigation included monthly time series of the following: southern oscillation index, North Pacific pressure index, sea surface temperatures, air temperatures, coastal upwelling indices, Bering Sea wind, Bering Sea ice cover, and Bering Sea bottom temperatures. Exploratory correlation analysis was used for focusing the time period examined for each environmental variable. Candidate models for forecasting herring recruitment were selected by the ordinary and recent cross-validation prediction errors. Results indicated that forecasting models using air and sea surface temperature data lagged to the year of spawning generally produced the best forecasting models. Multiple environmental variables showed marked improvements in prediction over single-environmental-variable models.  相似文献   

Protocol: Streamline cloning of genes into binary vectors in Agrobacterium via the Gateway® TOPO vector system     

Ruqiang Xu  Qingshun Quinn Li 《Plant methods》2008,4(1):1-7

Background

Freezing tolerance is an important factor in the geographical distribution of plants and strongly influences crop yield. Many plants increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, nonfreezing temperatures in a process termed cold acclimation. There is considerable natural variation in the cold acclimation capacity of Arabidopsis that has been used to study the molecular basis of this trait. Accurate methods for the quantitation of freezing damage in leaves that include spatial information about the distribution of damage and the possibility to screen large populations of plants are necessary, but currently not available. In addition, currently used standard methods such as electrolyte leakage assays are very laborious and therefore not easily applicable for large-scale screening purposes.

Results

We have performed freezing experiments with the Arabidopsis accessions C24 and Tenela, which differ strongly in their freezing tolerance, both before and after cold acclimation. Freezing tolerance of detached leaves was investigated using the well established electrolyte leakage assay as a reference. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging was used as an alternative method that provides spatial resolution of freezing damage over the leaf area. With both methods, LT₅₀ values (i.e. temperature where 50% damage occurred) could be derived as quantitative measures of leaf freezing tolerance. Both methods revealed the expected differences between acclimated and nonacclimated plants and between the two accessions and LT₅₀ values were tightly correlated. However, electrolyte leakage assays consistently yielded higher LT₅₀ values than chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. This was to a large part due to the incubation of leaves for electrolyte leakage measurements in distilled water, which apparently led to secondary damage, while this pre-incubation was not necessary for the chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.

Conclusion

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is an alternative method to accurately determine the freezing tolerance of leaves. It is quick and inexpensive and the system could potentially be used for large scale screening, allowing new approaches to elucidate the molecular basis of plant freezing tolerance.  相似文献   

Effects of magnesium with or without boron on headshaking behavior in horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking     

Shara A. Sheldon  Monica Aleman  Lais R. R. Costa  Kalie Weich  Quinn Howey  John E. Madigan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(3):1464-1472

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Spatial and temporal patterns of vertical distribution for three planktivorous fishes in Lake Washington     

Thomas P. Quinn  David A. Beauchamp 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(3):337-348

Abstract – We sampled three limnetic fish species: juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) in Lake Washington to quantify species‐specific patterns of diel vertical migration (DVM). Catch‐per‐unit‐effort data analysed from 15 years of midwater trawling documented seasonal and diel differences in vertical distributions for each species. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that the patterns of DVM in Lake Washington were affected by life history, size and morphology. Sockeye salmon showed clear DVM in spring but essentially no DVM in fall, remaining in deep water, whereas three‐spine sticklebacks were prevalent at the surface at night in both seasons. In fall, distribution patterns may be explained by differences in thermal performance (e.g., sticklebacks favouring warm water), but the patterns were also consistent with inter‐specific differences in predation risk. Younger sockeye salmon and longfin smelt were present in greater proportions higher in the water column during dusk and night periods than older conspecifics. Compared with sockeye salmon, the greater use by three‐spine sticklebacks of surface waters throughout the diel cycle during weak thermal stratification in spring was consistent with the hypothesis that sticklebacks’ armour reduces predation risk, but use of this warmer, metabolically beneficial stratum may also have promoted growth. This study illustrates variation in the vertical distribution of three sympatric planktivores and offers broader implications for the DVM phenomenon and applied lake ecology.  相似文献   

Associations between canine juvenile weight gain and coxofemoral joint laxity at 16 weeks of age     

Lopez MJ  Quinn MM  Markel MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(3):214-218

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the relationship between canine weight gain from 6 to 15 weeks of age and passive coxofemoral joint (CFJ) laxity at 16 weeks of age. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. ANIMALS: Full- or half-sibling hounds (n = 56). METHODS: Hounds were weighed weekly from 6 to 15 weeks of age. Individual average daily gain (ADG) was calculated for each week (weekly) and for the study (overall). PennHIP distraction index (DI) was determined for each CFJ at 16 weeks. Mixed effects linear models were evaluated for associations of DI (highest and mean) with 15-week weight and ADGs (actual or normalized). Left and right DIs were compared with a Student's paired t-test. Significance was set at P<.05. Trends were considered at P<.10. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) 16-week DI score and 15-week weight was 0.67 +/- 0.16 and 12.5 +/- 1.8 kg, respectively. Within animal left and right DIs were not significantly different. There were no significant associations between DI and any of the weight gains evaluated. There was a trend for a negative relationship between normalized 14-week ADG and DI in one statistical model. CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain from 6 to 15 weeks of age was unrelated to 16-week PennHIP DI in a homogenous canine population with moderate-to-severe CFJ joint laxity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on our results, ad libitum feeding between 6 and 15 weeks of age does not appear to have an adverse impact on joint laxity at 16 weeks of age as measured by the PennHIP DI.  相似文献   

In vivo evaluation of intra-articular protection in a novel model of canine cranial cruciate ligament mid-substance elongation injury     

Lopez MJ  Robinson SO  Quinn MM  Hosgood G  Markel MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(8):711-720

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of intra-articular protection (IAP) on the canine cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) and stifle in a CrCL midsubstance elongation injury model. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental longitudinal cohort study. ANIMALS: Skeletally mature female mixed breed hounds (n=12; mean+/-SEM weight, 25.6+/-0.7 kg). METHODS: After CrCL elongation in 1 stifle of each dog, IAP was applied in 6 joints. In vivo assessment included radiographs, cranial-caudal joint translation, gait analysis, and synovial fluid levels of 3B3(-) (proteoglycan epitope) and C2C (collagen II neoepitope) up to 12 weeks after surgery. Joint translation and rotation were quantified at necropsy. CrCL midsubstance length was determined before and after elongation and at necropsy. CrCLs were subjectively assessed with light microscopy. Comparisons were made between stifles containing elongated CrCLs with and without IAP and unoperated controls. RESULTS: Four weeks after surgery, ground reaction forces were significantly decreased in operated limbs. Absolute C2C levels were significantly elevated in operated stifles 4 weeks post-surgery. C2C and 3B3(-) levels normalized to total protein were significantly elevated in IAP+ stifles 8 weeks after surgery. Protected CrCLs appeared to have decreased granulation tissue and better collagen fiber alignment. CONCLUSIONS: IAP has negligible effects on the canine stifle based on the response variables evaluated in this 12-week study. Protection of elongated CrCLs may promote reduced, organized scar formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results support the healing capacity of the canine CrCL midsubstance following elongation injury and IAP application to potentially reduce cicatrix formation in elongated CrCLs.  相似文献   

Genetic connectedness between seven European countries for performance in jumping competitions of warmblood riding horses     

C. Ruhlmann  E. Bruns  E. Fraehr  J. Philipsson  S. Janssens  K. Quinn  E. Thorén Hellsten  A. Ricard 《Livestock Science》2009,120(1-2):75-86

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic connectedness between seven European populations of show jumping horses. Data on stallions bred for jumping and their pedigree up to three generations were provided by seven countries, including 6317 stallions and 22 324 different horses. Four different methods were used to estimate the genetic connectedness. Common stallions between countries varied from 0 to 308 and common horses from 130 to 1166. “Genetic similarities” were not the optimal measure of connectedness as number of progeny by country by stallion was not balanced. Correlation between estimates of country effects was computed in a mixed model including the genetic value of horses (h² = 0.20, all relationships included). For Germany, Belgium, France and The Netherlands, these correlations were 0.32 to 0.51 corresponding to a balanced scheme with 11 to 19 progeny per stallion per country. Other correlations ranged from 0.08 to 0.27. Another method to evaluate the connectedness was (i) to simulate a systematic difference between the true genetic level of countries, (ii) performing a BLUP and (iii) measuring the percentage of the initial difference that could be found between the estimated genetic levels of the corresponding countries. In 50% of the country pairs, 50% or more of the initial genetic difference was estimated. It was concluded that the genetic connectedness will allow the estimation of genetic correlations.  相似文献   

Modified frontonasal sinus flap surgery in standing horses: surgical findings and outcomes of 60 cases     

Quinn GC  Kidd JA  Lane JG 《Equine veterinary journal》2005,37(2):138-142

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Previous studies of sinus surgery on standing horses have been based on techniques which utilise powered hand bone saws and preserve the bone flap, which was thought to be essential for a good cosmetic result. This report describes a simplified technique applied to the standing horse where the sinus flap construction used a large skull trephine and where the bone flap is necessarily discarded. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the modified standing frontonasal flap (SFF) surgery offers an effective method to investigate and/or treat sinunasal disorders in the horse. METHODS: The case records of 60 horses subjected to modified SFF surgery were reviewed to analyse the efficacy of the technique when applied to a range of sinunasal disorders in terms of diagnosis, surgical findings, complications and long-term outcomes, including cosmetic effect. RESULTS: Resolution of clinical signs was achieved in 54 out of 60 horses, and for the remainder the SFF technique proved useful on a diagnostic basis. The cosmetic result was, in the opinion of the owners, excellent or satisfactory in 48 of 56 (86%) horses. CONCLUSIONS: The modified SFF technique was found to be practicable and provided satisfactory exposure of the sinus contents for diagnosis and removal of diseased tissue in a range of disorders. An acceptable cosmetic result can be obtained in the majority of horses despite rejection of the disc of overlying bone. Apart from avoiding the risks associated with general anaesthesia, the advantages of the modified SFF sugery are: a reduction of haemorrhage in the standing horse; reduced mucosal engorgement; straightforward anatomical orientation; a comfortable working height; and reduced surgery time. A sound knowledge of the functional anatomy of the area is a prerequisite before embarking on any form of sinunasal surgery. Complications are infrequent and usually transient. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The modified SFF technique is a valuable alternative to other invasive methods of sinunasal surgery.  相似文献   

Salmonella serotypes present on a sample of Irish pig farms     

Rowe TA  Leonard FC  Kelly G  Lynch PB  Egan J  Quirke AM  Quinn PJ 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(15):453-456

A survey of the prevalence of Salmonella species infection was conducted on 59 Irish farrow-to-finish pig herds. Faecal samples were collected from the pens of first-stage weaners (growing pigs approximately three to 10 weeks of age), second-stage weaners (approximately 10 to 17 weeks of age) and fatteners, and from the dry sow and farrowing sow houses. The prevalence of infection was estimated to within 5 per cent with a 95 per cent confidence interval. Thirty of the 59 herds were infected, 12 with Salmonella Typhimurium only, eight with Salmonella Derby only and seven with both S Typhimurium and S Derby; serotypes London, Livingstone and Infantis were each isolated from a single herd. Farms in Ireland are assigned to one of three infection categories on the basis of the antibody levels in samples of meat juice taken at slaughter. When a herd was classified as either positive or negative on the basis of the isolation of Salmonella from at least one faecal sample there was no association between the herd's category as determined by meat juice serology and the probability of the isolation of Salmonella from the faecal samples. However, there were differences in prevalence between pigs at different stages of production in herds of different categories. Farrowing sow houses in moderately infected (category 2) herds had significantly lower infection rates (P < or = 0.05) than other herd categories and other stages of production. Pigs from first-stage weaner pens in slightly infected (category 1) herds were more likely to be infected with Salmonella than pigs at any other stage of production or category of herd.  相似文献