Post-fire production of mushrooms in Pinus pinaster forests using classificatory models     

Pablo Vásquez Gassibe  Raul Fraile Fabero  María Hernández-Rodríguez  Juan Andrés Oria-de-Rueda  Felipe Bravo Oviedo  Pablo Martín-Pinto 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(3):348-356

This study was aimed at describing post-fire mushroom production in a Mediterranean ecosystem dominated by Pinus pinaster Ait. in the northwest of Spain and assessing the results by classificatory models. During the autumn periods of 2003–2006, fruit bodies from 115 fungal taxa were collected in burned and unburned areas and were further grouped into the following categories: saprotrophic/mycorrhizal; and edible/non-edible. After wildfires, a significant reduction in the number of fungal species and fruit body biomass production was observed. Based on this relevant information, the first simple classificatory model for this aim is provided. Nine alternative models based on classifications according to combinations of edibility and functional groups were fitted, and four fruiting body biomass production classes were defined as possible responses. As explanatory factors, time after fire and climatic variables significantly related to fruit body production were included. The best predictive results were obtained for edible and edible-mycorrhizal models, for which the correct classification rate of production classes was between 92 and 85 %. Moreover, the models obtained were applied to analyse the effect of time after fire on fungal production. Mycorrhizal and edible fungal production after fire was classified into the lowest class, whereas saprotrophic and non-edible species followed a contrary trend. The classificatory models can be useful to optimise management and harvest of these increasingly appreciated non-timber forest resources.  相似文献   

The effects of long-day photoperiod on growth, body composition and skin colour in immature gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)     

Rafael Ginés  Juan Manuel Afonso  Anastasio Argüello  María Jesús Zamorano  & Juan Luis López 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(13):1207-1212

Immature gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) with a mean initial weight of 25.6 g were reared over 11 months to market size under different photoperiods: 16L:8D; 24L:0D and a control. Differences in final mean weight were significant between the three treatments (P<0.001): 16L:8D, 465.0 g; 24L:0D, 445.9 g; control, 402.6 g. Fish from the 24L:0D consumed most while 16L:8D fish converted it most efficiently. The lipid content of fillets was lower (P<0.05) for the 24L:0D (5.37±0.16 g 100 g^?1 of fillet) than for the control (6.02±0.12 g), and the moisture content lower for the control than for either treatment groups. Skin luminosity (L^*) was directly related to the number of hours of light exposure.  相似文献   

Evaluation of analgesic and physiologic effects of epidural morphine administered at a thoracic or lumbar level in dogs undergoing thoracotomy     

Adriano B Carregaro  Gabrielle C Freitas  Carlize Lopes  Rafael Lukarsewski  Fernanda S Tamiozzo  Rogério R Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(2):205-211

ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic and physiological effects of epidural morphine administered at the sixth and seventh lumbar or the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae in dogs undergoing thoracotomy.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded trial.AnimalsFourteen mixed-breed dogs, weighing 8.6 ± 1.4 kg.MethodsThe animals received acepromazine (0.1 mg kg^?1) IM and anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg kg^?1) IV. The lumbosacral space was punctured and an epidural catheter was inserted up to the region between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebrae (L, n = 6) or up to the fifth or sixth intercostal space (T, n = 8). The dogs were allowed to recover and after radiographic confirmation of correct catheter position, anesthesia was reinduced with propofol IV and maintained with 1.7% isoflurane. Following stabilization of monitored parameters, animals received morphine (0.1 mg kg^?1) diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a final volume of 0.25 mL kg^?1 via the epidural catheter, and after 40 minutes, thoracotomy was initiated. Heart rate and rhythm, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures, respiratory rate, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, partial pressure of expired CO₂ and body temperature were measured immediately before the epidural administration of morphine (0 minute) and every 10 minutes during the anesthetic period. The Melbourne pain scale and the visual analog scale were used to assess post-operative pain. The evaluation began 3 hours after the epidural administration of morphine and occurred each hour until rescue analgesia.ResultsThere were no important variations in the physiological parameters during the anesthetic period. The post-operative analgesic period differed between the groups, being longer in T (9.9 ± 1.6 hours) compared with L (5.8 ± 0.8 hours).ConclusionsThe use of morphine, at a volume of 0.25 mL kg^?1, administered epidurally over the thoracic vertebrae provided longer lasting analgesia than when deposited over the lumbar vertebrae.Clinical relevanceThe deposition of epidural morphine provided longer lasting analgesia when administered near to the innervation of the injured tissue without increasing side effects.  相似文献   

A comparison of traditional and quantitative analysis of acid–base imbalances in hypoalbuminemic dogs     

Carlos Torrente DVM  MSc  PhD  Edgar G. Manzanilla DVM  PhD  DECPHM  MPVM  Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui DVM  PhD  DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(5):509-518

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Studies on the feeding of Tilapia nilotica in floating cages     

Rafael D. Guerrero 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1980,20(3):169-175

Five studies on the feeding of Tilapia nilotica in floating cages were conducted. Stocking densities of 100 to 200 fish per m³ were used. Only commercially available ingredients were used in the feed.Results of the studies showed that diets containing fish meal, fine rice bran and copra meal had significantly better feed conversion ratios than diets with ipil-ipil leaf meal. Diets with 25% fish meal and 10% copra meal were found to be efficient and economical for T. nilotica.Chicken grower mash enriched with fish meal did not significantly differ from a diet consisting of 25% fish meal and 75% fine rice bran. Fish given moist pellets had significantly higher production than fish fed with dry pellets.  相似文献   

Interacting effects of diet and environmental temperature on biochemical parameters in the liver ofLeuciscus idus melanotus (Cyprinidae: Teleostei)     

Johannes Rafael  Thomas Braunbeck 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(1):9-19

One year old golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus) were starved for 2 weeks at 20°C (time zero) and then they were fed either freeze-dried mosquito larvae (natural diet) or a commercial fish chow (artificial diet) at an ambient temperature of 14°C and 20°C, respectively. Growth parameters and biochemical data in the liver were measured at time zero and after 3 and 7 weeks of specific regimen. If compared to natural food, the artificial diet caused transient increase in anabolic activity of the liver, but prevented long-lasting hepatocyte proliferation (increase of total liver DNA). After 3 weeks on artificial diet, the body weight was significantly higher and the liver mass doubled compared to ide kept on the natural regimen; tissue DNA content indicated that the hepatocyte volume increased mainly by increased protein content and corresponding uptake of water; lipid and glycogen contents were increased by a factor of 3–6, and the RNADNA ratio was increased accordingly. The growth of the ide, as reflected by the condition factor and hepatosomatic index (HSI), was virtually stopped when the artificial regimen was maintained for 7 weeks, whereas on natural food the condition factor was increased and liver weight and DNA were doubled. Growth of the fish maintained at 14°C was significantly lower than that of fish maintained at 20°C, though the total liver DNA was still increased on the natural regimen during the experiment. Less lipid was stored by fish maintained at 14°C, whereas protein and glycogen deposits were enlarged, if compared to fish maintained at 20°C. The specific activity of cytochrome oxidase in liver mitochondria and of NADPH cytochrome c reductase in the microsomal fraction were found independent of diet and ambient temperature. Oxidative capacity of hepatocytes (mitochondrial protein/mg DNA) remained unchanged, and microsomal protein/cell appeared reduced in response to the artificial food. However, reduction of cell number on this diet resulted in less total mitochondrial and microsomal protein in the organ. Golden ide liver is found to be a sensitive experimental model to characterize the mutual influence of diet and temperature on fish; the results are discussed with regard to the usage of golden ide as test fish for water pollution.  相似文献   

Reserve effect of a small North-East Atlantic marine protected area (Arrábida,Portugal) on soft-sediment fish species     

Lucas Martínez-Ramírez  C. Robert Priester  Inês Sousa  Karim Erzini  David Abecasis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1584-1595

1. The implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been widely used as a tool to manage and conserve marine resources and services. Yet, to date, the reserve effect is still weakly evaluated, particularly for soft-sediment habitats.
2. The Arrábida MPA, considered as a biodiversity hotspot, was fully established in 2009 on the west coast of Portugal and is characterized by large expanses of soft-sediment habitats. This MPA was established to protect biodiversity and to ensure the livelihood of the local small-scale fisheries community.
3. Beyond before–after-control–impact (BACI) analyses were carried out on catch data (abundance and biomass) of 351 trammel net sets from experimental fishing campaigns (2007–2019) to study the reserve effect on demersal fish populations.
4. The results show a declining trend in abundance inside and outside the protected area, with significant positive effects only found for undersize commercial species and Solea senegalensis, and a general increase in fish species total length. Despite the lack of any obvious reserve effect, the increase in fish length can be considered as a first sign.
5. Anthropogenic pressures are generalized around the area, and transgressions of the restrictions are frequently observed inside the no-take zone. These can, among other aspects, delay or prevent the expected reserve effects. Therefore, enforcement and/or modification of the spatial plan must be incentivized to achieve the goals of the MPA.

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Assessment gaps and biases in knowledge of conservation status of fishes     

Imanol Miqueleiz  Monika Bohm  Arturo Hugo Ario  Rafael Miranda 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(2):225-236

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Development,prospects and problems of the tilapia cage culture industry in The Philippines     

Rafael D. Guerrero 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1982,27(3):313-315

The Philippines has vast freshwater resources for cage culture of fish. Two tilapia species, Tilapia mossambica and Tilapia nilotica, are cultured commercially in cages in several lakes.Field testing for cage culture of Tilapia nilotica, the preferred species, is described. A pilot commerical cage farm has been established.The major problems affecting development are the short supply of quality fingerlings, the lack of a standard commercial feed, and the increasing costs of cage construction. Recommendations for resolving these problems are given.  相似文献   

Environmental sex determination, external sex differentiation and structure of the androgenic gland in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)     

Rafael Campos-Ramos  Rodolfo Garza-Torres  Danitzia A Guerrero-Tortolero  Alejandro M Maeda-Martínez  & Hortencia Obregón-Barboza 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(15):1583-1593

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