An efficient micropropagation system for Celastrus paniculatus Willd.: a vulnerable medicinal plant     

Gerald Martin  S. P. Geetha  Sudhakar S. Raja  A. V. Raghu  Indira Balachandran  P. N. Ravindran 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(6):461-465

A micropropagation protocol was developed for Celastrus paniculatus, a vulnerable medicinal plant. Cultures were initiated from nodal explants collected from young shoots of a 12-year-old plant in MS basal medium. An average of five shoots were produced in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l⁻¹ benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l⁻¹ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) after two subculture cycles with a 30-day interval. Continuous subculture in the same medium for three more cycles resulted in reduction of the number of multiple shoots (2 or 3 shoots), vitrification of the shoots, and callus formation. Vitrification of cultures could be overcome by the use of MS medium supplemented with lower concentrations of BA (0.05 mg l⁻¹) and NAA (0.01 mg l⁻¹). Among the various rooting trials, ex vitro rooting of shoots with simultaneous hardening was most efficient. The method standardized in the present study is simple, as it eliminated separate steps for in vitro rooting and hardening. Qualitative chemical similarity of the tissue culture regenerants with the mother plant was confirmed using high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) profiling.  相似文献   

Disease incidence in Eucalyptus microtheca provenances     

K. K. Soni  K. N. Subramanian  S. Jagadees  R. Raja Rishi 《Forest Pathology》1991,21(5):308-312

A provenance trial of Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell. was studied in order to select resistant provenances against Cytospara eucalypti twig blight, Pestalotiopsis versicolor stem canker and Botryodiplodia theobromae root collar canker. Out of 21 provenances tried, 4 provenances were screened as resistant against diseases and showed best performance.  相似文献   

Monitoring of meteorological drought and its impact on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity in Odisha using standardized precipitation index     

R. Raja  A.K. Nayak  B.B. Panda  B. Lal  Rahul Tripathi  Mohammad Shahid 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1701-1715

The dynamics of meteorological drought and its relationship with block level rice productivity over the Eastern Indian state of Odisha was assessed during the wet season (June to November) using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The time series of rainfall data (1983–2008) from 168 rain gauge stations was used to derive the 1- and 3-month SPI of different wet season months. The 1- and 3-month SPI data were interpolated to map spatial patterns of meteorological drought and its severity, and the maps of a drought (2008) and normal (2007) year were discussed in detail. Further, the time series of SPI was exploited to assess the drought risk in Odisha. Correlation analysis of 1- and 3-month SPI with rice productivity index (RPI) showed that the SPI of 1-month time scale particularly in July (r = 0.49) and October (r = 0.33) had significantly stronger relationship with RPI than any of the 3-month SPI individually during wet season. The cumulative degree of severity of drought could be better explained by 3-month SPI map when drought events are well spread in the preceding months. Regression models were developed using 1- and 3-month SPI for forecasting rice productivity of blocks with varying proportion of rainfed area in Odisha. Model developed based on 1-month SPI accounted for 27% yield variability in rice and could be used for forecasting rice productivity.  相似文献   

Small intestine histomorphometry of beef cattle with divergent feed efficiency     

Yuri Montanholi  Ananda Fontoura  Kendall Swanson  Brenda Coomber  Shigeto Yamashiro  Stephen Miller 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):9

Background

The provision of feed is a major cost in beef production. Therefore, the improvement of feed efficiency is warranted. The direct assessment of feed efficiency has limitations and alternatives are needed. Small intestine micro-architecture is associated with function and may be related to feed efficiency. The objective was to verify the potential histomorphological differences in the small intestine of animals with divergent feed efficiency.

Methods

From a population of 45 feedlot steers, 12 were selected with low-RFI (superior feed efficiency) and 12 with high-RFI (inferior feed efficiency) at the end of the finishing period. The animals were processed at 13.79 ± 1.21 months of age. Within 1.5 h of slaughter the gastrointestinal tract was collected and segments from duodenum and ileum were harvested. Tissue fragments were processed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Photomicroscopy images were taken under 1000x magnification. For each animal 100 intestinal crypts were imaged, in a cross section view, from each of the two intestinal segments. Images were analyzed using the software ImageJ®. The measurements taken were: crypt area, crypt perimeter, crypt lumen area, nuclei number and the cell size was indirectly calculated. Data were analyzed using general linear model and correlation procedures of SAS®.

Results

Efficient beef steers (low-RFI) have a greater cellularity (indicated by nuclei number) in the small intestinal crypts, both in duodenum and ileum, than less efficient beef steers (high-RFI) (P < 0.05). The mean values for the nuclei number of the low-RFI and high-RFI groups were 33.16 and 30.30 in the duodenum and 37.21 and 33.65 in the ileum, respectively. The average size of the cells did not differ between feed efficiency groups in both segments (P ≥ 0.10). A trend was observed (P ≤ 0.10) for greater crypt area and crypt perimeter in the ileum for cattle with improved feed efficiency.

Conclusion

Improved feed efficiency is associated with greater cellularity and no differences on average cell size in the crypts of the small intestine in the bovine. These observations are likely to lead to an increase in the energy demand by the small intestine regardless of the more desirable feed efficiency.  相似文献   

Optical properties of novel pyrene fluoric chemosensor toward fluoride anions     

Hyungjoo Kim  Boddu Ananda Rao  Young-A Son 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(12):2010-2014

The novel pyrene based dye sensor was designed and synthesized through the reaction between pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide. This dye sensor showed selectivity and sensitivity binding properties toward F? ion with showing absorption and emission changes in DMSO. These optical properties were investigated by using UV-vis spectrometer and emission spectrophotometer. In addition, electron distributions and HOMO/LUMO values of this dye sensor were simulated and calculated with theoretical calculations of Material Studio 4.3.  相似文献   

Green nanoemulsion‐laden glyphosate isopropylamine formulation in suppressing creeping foxglove (A. gangetica), slender button weed (D. ocimifolia) and buffalo grass (P. conjugatum)     

Chaw Jiang Lim  Mahiran Basri  Dzolkhifli Omar  Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman  Abu Bakar Salleh  Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):104-111

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are developed with carriers to improve their physicochemical properties and, accordingly, the bioefficacy of the applied formulation. For foliar‐applied herbicide, generally less than 0.1% of the active ingredient reaching the target site could reduce pesticide performance. Recently, a carrier of nanoemulsion consisting of oil, surfactant and water, with a particle size of less than 200 nm, has been shown to enhance drug permeability for skin penetration in pharmaceutical delivery systems. In the present work, the aim was to formulate a water‐soluble herbicide, glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA), using a green nanoemulsion system for a biological activity study against the weeds creeping foxglove, slender button weed and buffalo grass. RESULTS: The nanoemulsion formulations displayed a significantly lower spray deposition on creeping foxglove (2.9–3.5 ng cm^?2), slender button weed (2.6–2.9 ng cm^?2) and buffalo grass (1.8–2.4 ng cm^?2) than Roundup^® (3.7–5.1 ng cm^?2). The visible injury rates of weeds treated with the nanoemulsion formulations were statistically equivalent to those relating to Roundup^® at 14 days after treatment, with a control range of 86.67–96.67%. CONCLUSION: It was hypothesised that the significant difference in spray deposition with equal injury rates can be attributed to enhanced bioactivity of the nanoemulsion formulations. This initial discovery could be the platform for developing better penetration of agrochemical formulations in the future. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Characterization of esterase isozymes of Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858) (Cestoda)     

M. P. Balasubramanian  K. Nellaiappan  K. Ramalingam 《Veterinary parasitology》1982,10(4):313-316

Soluble esterase isozymes from Raillietina tetragona were separated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which revealed the presence of at least four fractions, possibly representing different esterases. The differences in the inhibitory effect of various chemicals on these fractions reveal them to be four types of esterases, namely: arylesterase, carboxylesterase, acetylesterase and cholinesterase.  相似文献   

Current trends in the genetic engineering of vegetable crops     

Monika Dalal  Ravi G. Dani  P. Ananda Kumar 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition and health. Cultivation of vegetable crops is an integral part of the agricultural economy of many developing countries. Vegetable crop productivity and quality are seriously affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses, which destabilize rural economies in many countries. Moreover, absence of proper post-harvest storage and processing facilities leads to qualitative and quantitative losses. In the past four decades, conventional breeding has contributed significantly for the improvement of vegetable yields, quality, post-harvest life, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are many constraints in conventional breeding, which can only be overcome by advancements made in modern biology. In the last decade various traits such as biotic stress resistance, quality and storage life have been successfully engineered into vegetable crops and some of them have been commercialized. In recent years significant progress has been made to manipulate vegetable crops for abiotic stress tolerance, quality improvement and pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Although the progress in commercialization of transgenic vegetable crops has been relatively slow, transgenic vegetables engineered for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use will contribute significantly to the value added agriculture in near future.  相似文献   

Novel report on mutation in exon 3 of myostatin (MSTN) gene in Nilagiri sheep: an endangered breed of South India     

Sahu  Amiya Ranjan  V.  Jeichitra  R.  Rajendran  A.  Raja 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):1817-1822

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The variability in breeding program leads to rapid loss of genetic potential for which National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources is emphasized to conserve...  相似文献   

Functional proteomic analysis of crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal) bull spermatozoa          下载免费PDF全文

R Singh  GS Sengar  U Singh  R Deb  V Junghare  S Hazra  S Kumar  S Tyagi  AK Das  TV Raja  A Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):588-608

Male infertility is one of the prime concerns of dairy cattle production. The study was designed to find out differentially expressed proteins in categorized crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal) bull semen to serve as potential biomarkers for male infertility. Frozen crossbred bull semen with satisfactory phenotypic records were defined as “good” and “poor” based on their fertility rates. A total of 1,547 proteins were detected in bull spermatozoa using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer (LC‐MS/MS) analysis. Results revealed that 558 (36.1%) and 653 (42.2%) proteins were expressed to good and poor quality bull spermatozoa, respectively. A total of 336 proteins (21.7%) were reported to be unique for both good and poor quality bull semen, and among the common proteins, 224 (66.7%) and 112 (33.3%) were up‐ and downregulated in good and poor quality categorized bull semen, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis of global proteomes identified different signalling pathways, and most of them were related to cellular motility, immune systems as well as cellular metabolisms. The distinctive presence of some of the proteins may provide an insight into the molecular mechanistic role played by these proteins in crossbred bull infertility.  相似文献