Molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of Toll-like receptor 5 gene from turkeys     

Gopinath VP  Biswas M  Raj GD  Raja A  Kumanan AK  Elankumaran S 《Avian diseases》2011,55(3):480-485

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of transmembrane and cytosolic proteins, detect microbial patterns, initiating innate immune responses in various organisms. Although they are abundant, genetic characterization and functional differences of TLRs in economically important avian species such as chickens and turkeys have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the putative TLR5 coding region from turkey genome was sequenced, and its homology to other vertebrate species was analyzed. Secondary structure analysis revealed protein motifs typical of the chicken TLR5 protein structure, with 97% amino acid identity between them. mRNA expression profiling in adult turkeys revealed abundant TLR5 expression in a broad range of tissues. Stimulation with the TLR5 ligand flagellin resulted in the production of the inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and nitric oxide in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To our knowledge, this is the first complete turkey TLR5 coding DNA sequence reported in sequence databases.  相似文献   

Isolation and molecular characterization of canine distemper virus from India     

Pawar RM  Raj GD  Gopinath VP  Ashok A  Raja A 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1617-1622

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Genetic variability of Chlamydophila abortus strains assessed by PCR-RFLP analysis of polymorphic membrane protein-encoding genes     

Sait M  Clark EM  Wheelhouse N  Spalding L  Livingstone M  Sachse K  Markey BK  Magnino S  Siarkou VI  Vretou E  Caro MR  Yaga R  Lainson FA  Smith DG  Wright F  Longbottom D 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(3-4):284-290

Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are vertebrate infecting, small viruses with circular single stranded DNA, classified in the Anelloviridae family. In pigs, two different TTV species have been described so far, Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2). TTSuVs have lately been linked to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In the present study, TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 prevalence and DNA loads in longitudinally collected serum samples of healthy and PMWS affected pigs from Spanish conventional, multi-site farms were analyzed. Serum samples were taken at 1, 3, 7, 11 and around 15 weeks of age (age of PMWS outbreak) and viral DNA loads determined by quantitative PCR. For both TTSuV species, percentage of viremic pigs increased progressively over time, with the highest prevalence in animals of about 15 weeks of age. TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 viral DNA loads in healthy and TTSuV1 loads in PMWS affected animals increased until 11 weeks of age declining afterwards. On the contrary, TTSuV2 DNA loads in PMWS affected pigs increased throughout the sampling period. It seems that TTSuV species differ in the in vivo infection dynamics in PMWS affected animals.  相似文献   

Microalgae Schizochytrium sp. as a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): Effects on diet digestibility,oxidation and palatability and on immunity and inflammatory indices in dogs     

Camilla Mariane Menezes Souza  Daniele Cristina de Lima  Taís Silvino Bastos  Simone Gisele de Oliveira  Breno Castello Branco Beiro  Ananda Portella Flix 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1567-1574

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the microalgae Schizochytrium sp., as a dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on diet palatability, coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients and metabolizable energy (ME), blood variables and indicators of immunity in dogs. We also evaluated oxidative stability. Two diets containing 0 and 0.4% of microalgae Schizochytrium sp. were evaluated in three experiments. On Experiment I the palatability of diets containing 0% versus 0.4% microalgae was compared. In Experiment II test diets were offered for 30 days to determine digestibility, fecal characteristics, and blood parameters. In Experiment III, the oxidative stability of diets containing microalgae versus anchovy oil was evaluated. There was a higher intake ratio of the diet containing microalgae (p < .05). The ME and CTTAD of nutrients increased (p < .05), except for ether extract after acid hydrolysis, with the inclusion of the microalgae in diet. The amount of monocytes and phagocytic granulocytes was higher (p < .05) in dogs fed 0.4% microalgae. There was greater oxidative stability for the sample containing microalgae. The addition of 0.4% microalgae presented high palatability, increased phagocytic cell numbers, and demonstrated oxidative stability superior to anchovy oil.  相似文献   

Spatial configuration becomes more important with increasing habitat loss: a simulation study of environmentally-transmitted parasites     

Tyler R. Bonnell  Ria R. Ghai  Tony L. Goldberg  Raja Sengupta  Colin A. Chapman 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(8):1259-1272

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Boron Deficiency in Mango (Mangifera indica L.): A Cause Delineation Study in Acidic Soils of Maharashtra, India     

Muthiah Edward Raja  Somanahalli C. Anil Kumar  Sri Y. Raju 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):751-754

Boron deficiency is a major production constraint of Mango cv Alphonso in western coast, Maharashtra, India. The soils are sandy-loam, light, acidic in reaction and receive high annual precipitation of above 2,500 mm. The leaf and soil B status was low with an average of 23 and 0.25 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. About 60% of the orchards were found to be deficient in B. The B adsorption study using Langmuir adsorption isotherm revealed that the adsorption capacity of B by these soils was low with an average adsorption maxima (b) of 16.62 μg g⁻¹ and bonding energy constant ( K ) of 0.09 mL μg⁻¹ making soil B susceptible to leaching. The Mango leaf N status was in excess range, which aggravated B deficiency through growth dilution. A significant negative correlation was observed between leaf B and leaf N (statistically significant at 1% level (p=0.01)). The free Al status of the soils was found to be fairly high, and its detrimental effect on root growth was observed which led to inefficient absorption of limited soil B by roots. The climatic conditions of Konkan like high humidity, high temperature and long sunshine hours also favored widespread incidence of B deficiency, low yield and poor quality. The response of Mango cv Alphonso to the B application was found to be more in foliar than in soil application.  相似文献   

Differential expression of toll‐like receptor mRNA in corneal epithelium of ruminants     

Sakthivel Dhanasekaran  Thandavan Arthanari Kannan  Gopal Dhinakar Raj  Krishnaswamy Gopalan Tirumurugaan  Angamuthu Raja  Kathaperumal Kumanan 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(4):270-274

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Trans-vaginal oocyte retrieval and subsequent in vitro production of embryos from a cow involuntarily culled     

Shaw DG  Bowles CM  Raja K  Lishman AW 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》1999,70(3):130-131

A Holstein cow of high genetic merit, in late lactation (205 days) and diagnosed with salpingitis (after 4 infertile services and veterinary consultation), was subjected to 1 trans-vaginal oocyte collection attempt, prior to slaughter. Of an estimated 10 follicles punctured, a total of 4 cumulus-oocyte complexes were retrieved. These were matured in vitro in a maturation medium for 24 hours. After 24 hours maturation, the oocytes were fertilised in vitro with Percoll-processed frozen/thawed imported semen, of the owner's choice. Fertilisation was achieved in a modified Tyrode's medium. At 18 hours post-insemination, the presumptive zygotes were transferred into culture in vitro in Charles Rosenkran's amino-acid medium and supplemented on Day 4 post-insemination with 10% foetal calf serum. All in vitro procedures were conducted in 50 microl medium droplets, under oil, in a humidified incubator at 38.5 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air. Three of the potential zygotes cleaved and, by Day 7 of culture, these had developed to the morula stage. The embryos were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol and later transferred non-surgically to synchronised Holstein recipient heifers. One morula resulted in the only pregnancy and subsequent birth of a healthy heifer calf. An independent commercial company confirmed parentage through standard blood-typing assays. The genetic salvage of oocytes, for in vitro production of embryos, has potential benefits to the producer.  相似文献   

Protective efficacy of active compounds from Phyllanthus amarus against white spot syndrome virus in freshwater crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous)          下载免费PDF全文

Dinesh Sundaram  Karthikeyan Kesavan  Hemalatha Kumaravel  Roohi Fatima Mohammed  Mekata Tohru  Itami Toshiaki  Sudhakaran Raja 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(7):2061-2067

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Field efficacy of a biopesticide prepared from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clerodendrum viscosum</Emphasis> Vent. (Verbenaceae) against two major tea pests in the sub Himalayan tea plantation of North Bengal,India     

Somnath Roy  Ananda Mukhopadhyay  Guruswami Gurusubramanian 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(4):371-377

The toxicity of four concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 20% w/v) of an aqueous extract from the weed, Clerodendrum viscosum Ventenat (Verbenaceae) was investigated under field conditions of the North Bengal University, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India for managing two major pests of tea, Camellia sinensis (L), namely the tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner, (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Four field trials, two for red spider mite and two for tea mosquito bug, were conducted during April–May 2008 and October–November 2009 following a Randomized Block design. The aqueous extract of C. viscosum effectively and significantly reduced the mite population as well as infestation of tea mosquito bug by 68–95% and 73–86%, respectively, and their bioefficacy is comparable to synthetic and neem pesticides. No phytotoxic effect (score 0–5% and grade 1) was observed in the tea bushes sprayed with different doses of aqueous extract of C. viscosum in the field. Made tea samples were taint free. Organoleptic test revealed leaf-infusions and liquor strength as good, scoring 6.5–7.0 on a 10 point scale. Availability and distribution of this weed (C. viscosum) in and around tea-growing areas of sub Himalayan region, along with its processing for the feasibility of including C. visosum extracts in the current IPM programme is discussed.  相似文献