Structural differentiation of apical openings in active mitochondria-rich cells during early life stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) as a response to osmotic challenge     

S. Fridman  K. J. Rana  J. E. Bron 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(5):1101-1114

This study examines the structural differentiation of the apical crypts of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in Nile tilapia as a response to osmotic challenge. Larvae were transferred from freshwater at 3 days post-hatch to 12.5 and 20 ppt and were sampled at 24- and 48-h post-transfer. Scanning electron microscopy allowed quantification of MRCs, based on apical crypt appearance and surface area, resulting in a morphological classification of ‘sub-types’, that is, Type I or absorptive (surface area range 5.2–19.6 μm²), Type II or active absorptive form (surface area range 1.1–15.7 μm²), Type III or weakly functioning form (surface area range 0.08–4.6 μm²) and Type IV or active secreting form (surface area range 4.1–11.7 μm²). Mucus cell crypts were discriminated from those of MRCs based on the presence of globular extensions and quantified. Density and frequency of MRCs and mucus cells varied significantly according to the experimental salinity and time post-transfer; in freshwater-adapted larvae, all types were present except Type IV but, following transfer to elevated salinities, Type I and Type II disappeared and appeared to be replaced by Type IV crypts. Type III crypt density remained constant following transfer. Transmission electron microscopy with immunogold labelling, using a novel pre-fixation technique with anti-Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, allowed complementary ultrastructural visualisation of specific localisation of the antibodies on active MRCs, permitting a review of MRC apical morphology and related Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase binding sites.  相似文献   

Functional response of an egg parasitoid,Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to sublethal imidacloprid exposure     

Aishwarya Ray  Basana Gowda Gadratagi  Neeraj Budhlakoti  Dhanendra Kumar Rana  Totan Adak  Guru Pirasanna Pandi Govindharaj  Naveenkumar Basavanagouda Patil  Annamalai Mahendiran  Prakash Chandra Rath 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3656-3665

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Development of mutants with varying flowering times by targeted editing of multiple SVP gene copies in Brassica napus L.     

Sunny Ahmar  Yungu Zhai  Huibin Huang  Kaidi Yu  Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan  Muhammad Shahid  Rana Abdul Samad  Shahid Ullah Khan  Olalekan Amoo  Chuchuan Fan  Yongming Zhou 《作物学报(英文版)》2022,(1):67-74

Manipulation of flowering time to develop cultivars with desired maturity dates is fundamental in plant breeding.It is desirable to generate polyploid rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)germplasm with varying flowering time controlled by a few genes.In the present study,Bna SVP,a rapeseed homolog of the Arabidopsis SVP(Short Vegetative Phase)gene,was characterized and a set of mutants was developed using a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing tool.A single construct targeting multiple sites was successfully applied to precisely mutate four copies of Bna SVP.The induced mutations in these copies were stably transmitted to subsequent generations.Homozygous mutants with loss-of-function alleles and free transgenic elements were generated across the four Bna SVP homologs.All mutant T₁lines tested in two environments(summer and winter growing seasons)showed early-flowering phenotypes.The decrease in flowering time was correlated with the number of mutated Bna SVP alleles.The quadruple mutants showed the shortest flowering time,with a mean decrease of 40.6%–50.7%in length relative to the wild type under the two growth conditions.Our study demonstrates the quantitative involvement of Bna SVP copies in the regulation of flowering time and provides valuable resources for rapeseed breeding.  相似文献   

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to a virulent plasmid-cured mutant strain of Salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum in broiler chickens     

Rana N  Kulshreshtha RC 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,115(1-3):156-162

One-week-old Salmonella-free broiler chicks were subcutaneously immunized and subsequently boosted two weeks later with 2x10(7)cfu 0.5ml(-1) of an 85-kb virulent plasmid-cured spectinomycin-resistant mutant strain (SG9VP(-)Spc(r)) of Salmonella gallinarum 9 (S. enterica serotype gallinarum 9) along with a control group of mock-immunized chickens. The chicks were subcutaneously challenged at 5 weeks of age with 5x10(10)cfu 0.5ml(-1) (5xLD(50)) of wild-type S. gallinarum var. Duisburg (S. enterica serotype gallinarum var. Duisburg). The cellular and humoral immune responses were measured at weekly intervals post-immunization (PI) and post-challenge (PC) using lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test, serum tube agglutination test (STAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High stimulation indices suggestive of a potent lymphocyte transformation response and high persistent serum IgG titres were recorded in immunized chickens at the termination of the experiment. These findings indicate that the live attenuated mutant vaccine induced a strong cellular and humoral immunity, which may play a role in the protection of fowl typhoid in broiler chickens.  相似文献   

A Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Genotypes Grown Under Different Cropping Systems     

S. K. Sharma    H. Mehta  N. D. Rana 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1986,156(2):81-90

Nature and magnitude of genetic diversity was assessed using Mahalanobis's D² statistics and canonical analysis in 50 genotypes of soybean grown in monoculture and in association with maize. All the genotypes were grouped in 10 clusters in case of monoculture, while 8 clusters were formed for intercropping. Monoculture was more suitable environment for expressing the genetic diversity than intercrop. Some genotypes had consistently the similar clustering pattern in both the cropping systems, while others were affected by the cropping system in expressing the genetic diversity. This was confirmed by the canonical analysis. Days to flowering and maturity, seed yield/plant, plant height and 100-seed weight were mainly responsible for genetic diversity in monoculture. Besides phenological traits, pod length and width, and seed yield/plant exerted marked influence on the genetic diversity of soybean genotypes grown in association with maize. Geographical distribution was not necessarily reflected by the genetic divergence, though some degree of relationship between geographic diversity and genetic diversity was evident under both the cropping systems. The performance of some genotypes varied from cropping system to another, while that of others remained unaffected. Breeding programmes to develop varieties suitable for sole crop, intercrop and both the cropping systems have been suggested.  相似文献   

Core-sheath polyurethane-carbon nanotube nanofibers prepared by electrospinning     

Sravendra Rana  Jae Whan Cho 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(6):721-726

The core-sheath nanofibers consisting of polyurethane (PU) core and PU composites sheath with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by electrospinning. At low MWNT concentration, MWNTs appeared highly aligned along the fiber axis with some curving in nanotubes, whereas in case of high concentration, some aggregation of MWNTs appeared due to difficulty in full dispersion of nanotubes. In comparison of the single component nanofiber webs, the core-sheath nanofiber webs showed much better mechanical properties of modulus and breaking stress, including an exceptional elongation-at-break. It indicates that the CNT-incorporated core-sheath structure is very effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of nanofiber webs. In addition, the core-sheath nanofibers demonstrated the fast shape recovery, compared with one component fibers of pure shape memory PU and PU/MWNTs, which provides the possibility of fabricating more sensitive intelligent materials.  相似文献   

Molecular identification of sex in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae rhamnoides</Emphasis> L. using isozyme and RAPD markers     

Amit SHARMA  Gaurav ZINTA  Satender RANA  Poonam SHIRKOT 《中国林学(英文版)》2010,12(2):62-66

In many dioecious plants, gender affects economic value, breeding schemes and opportunities for commercial harvests. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a dioecious plant species in which female genotypes are commercially preferred over male genotypes. Its berries have rich medicinal, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties because of their large amounts of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids. Primary limitation for breeding H. rhamnoides L. is its dioecious nature, since gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. This communication deals with the development of isozyme and RAPD markers for early sex identification in this dioecious tree. The isozyme analysis was conducted with four enzyme systems, viz. peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and catalase. The peroxidase enzyme system produced a female specific sex marker, which successfully differentiated between the staminate and pistillate genotypes of H. rhamnoides L. Thirty five random decamer primers were used in our study and one male sex linked marker was identified. OPD-20 (5′-ACTTCGCCAC-3′) displayed a band at 911 bp that expressed polymorphism between male and female genotypes. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished using RAPD marker OPD-20911. These results revealed the immense potential of peroxidase isozyme patterns and RAPD as genetic markers for sex identification in H. rhamnoides L.  相似文献   

Standard precipitation index to track drought and assess impact of rainfall on watertables in irrigation areas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Khan  H. F. Gabriel  T. Rana 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2008,22(2):159-177

The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) is employed to track drought and assess the impact of rainfall on shallow groundwater levels in three selected irrigation areas of the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia. The continuous SPI method can provide better means of quantifying rainfall variability and correlating it with changes of shallow watertable levels since it is based on continuous statistical functions comparing rainfall variability over the entire rainfall record. Drought analysis in the Australian irrigation areas using SPI indicates that the recent 2000–2006 drought is not the worst drought that has occurred in the recorded history, however if the current low rainfall pattern continues, it would be one of the most prolonged drought. The shallow groundwater fluctuations in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area show a very strong correlation with winter rainfall variation. The shallow piezometric levels in the Coleambally Irrigation Area show a weaker degree of correlation with the SPI due to local and regional groundwater dynamics and changes in rice water use. The groundwater levels in the Murray Irrigation Area show least correlation with the SPI, which may be attributed to improved irrigation management practices and complex nature of the groundwater recharge and discharge processes in this area. The overall results however show that the SPI correlates well with fluctuations in shallow ground water table in irrigation areas, and can also capture major drought patterns in Australia. The correlation of SPI with groundwater levels can be adopted for environmental reporting and used as a method of relating climatic impacts on watertables. Differences in piezometric response between years with similar winter and yearly SPI values can be attributed to improvement in irrigators’ management practices.  相似文献   

Assessment of rice hydraulic loading impacts on groundwater and salinity levels     

Shahbaz Khan  Tariq Rana  Jason Carroll  Hamza Gabriel 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(1):23-39

This paper describes the impact of rice hydraulic loading (percentage area under rice crop) on groundwater levels and salinity in the Murrumbidgee irrigation area (MIA), Australia using a MODFLOW-based modelling approach. The model simulations show that the groundwater levels will be in equilibrium after a fall of approximately 1 m under most of the areas, however, the groundwater salinity levels will rise by more than 1,000 μs/cm in most parts of irrigation area. If the rice growing area is reduced by 50 and 75%, there can be a net decline in groundwater levels during the first 2 years and then a new quasi-equilibrium will be established. To downscale these results at the farm level, SWAGMAN Farm model in conjunction with groundwater outflow rates obtained from a three-dimensional MODFLOW model was applied for determining net recharge rates under rice for different areas within the MIA. The highest net recharge during 2005–2006 season was 0.84 ML/ha (84 mm) in parts of the irrigation system, whereas the average net recharge due to rice hydraulic loading for the whole MIA during 2005–2006 season was estimated as 0.34 ML/ha (34 mm).  相似文献   

Efficiency of SCNT Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos in Different Culture Medium and Analysis of mRNA Expression of Insulin‐like Growth Factors During Embryogenesis     

A Pandey  SC Gupta  N Singh  JS Rana  N Gupta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):786-795

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