Kinetic study of serum gentamicin concentrations in baboons after single-dose administration     

J R Watson  M K Stoskopf  H Rozmiarek  J D Strandberg 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(8):1285-1287

This study establishes preliminary pharmacokinetic data on the use of gentamicin sulfate administered IM to baboons. Serum concentrations greater than or equal to 12 micrograms/ml are generally agreed to cause toxicosis in human beings. On the basis of preliminary test results suggesting that the manufacturer's recommended dosage for dogs of 4.4 mg/kg of body weight caused potentially toxic serum concentrations, a dosage of 3 mg/kg was chosen to conduct a single-dose kinetic study in 6 baboons. Using a single-compartment model, the gentamicin serum half-life for IM administration of 3 mg of gentamicin/kg was 1.58 hours, and serum concentrations remained below the potentially toxic concentrations reported for human beings. We suggest that a dosage of 3 mg/kg is safer than a dosage of 4.4 mg/kg administered IM to baboons. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were less than or equal to 1 micrograms/ml. On the basis of our measured elimination half-life of 1.58 hours, it is reasonable to suppose that dosing q24 h will be inadequate to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations. We calculate that serum concentrations will remain at or above our measured minimal inhibitory concentration for P aeruginosa (1 micrograms/ml) for 100% of the treatment time if the animal is dosed q 6h, 78% for dosing q 8h, and 52% for dosing q 12h. Therefore, we suggest 3 mg/kg, q 8h or q 6h as appropriate dosing schedules for the use of gentamicin sulfate administered IM to baboons.  相似文献   

XIII. Beobachtungen über früh- und spätaustreibende Buchen     

Reg.-Forstrat Dr. Ernst Rohmeder 《European Journal of Forest Research》1934,56(15):517-523

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VETERINARY APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS     

A. D. J. Watson 《Australian veterinary journal》1973,49(11):538-538

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MYELOID NEOPLASIA IN A DOG     

B. J. Cooper B.V.Sc.  A. D. J. Watson B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1975,51(3):150-154

A 4-year-old Scotch Collie bitch was presented for examination because of hyperthermia and anaemia. Haematological examination and bone marrow biopsy led to a diagnosis of myeloid neoplasia. At autopsy there was slight enlargement of the liver, spleen and some lymph nodes. Microscopic examination revealed extensive infiltration of these tissues by neoplastic myeloid cells.  相似文献   

Systemic availability of o,p'-DDD in normal dogs, fasted and fed, and in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism     

A D Watson  A Rijnberk  A J Moolenaar 《Research in veterinary science》1987,43(2):160-165

The systemic availability of o,p'-DDD was studied in 12 normal dogs and seven dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). The drug was given by mouth at 50 mg kg-1 and plasma o,p'-DDD concentrations were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. First, six normal dogs were given the drug three times at intervals of one week in a Latin square pattern. Systemic drug availability was found to be very poor from intact tablets in fasted dogs, better with pure drug dissolved in maize oil given by stomach tube, and best with ground tablets mixed in oil poured on dog food. Then six normal dogs and five with PDH were given one dose of o,p'-DDD as intact tablets in dog food. Systemic drug availability was good in the normal animals and, for unknown reasons, better in dogs with PDH. The half-time of elimination was shorter in dogs with PDH than in normal ones. There was evidence of a gradual rise in plasma o,p'-DDD concentrations in seven dogs with PDH treated with 25 mg kg-1 every 12 hours for 14 or 20 days. The interaction between food and o,p'-DDD probably contributes to the variation in clinical response of dogs treated with the drug. The efficiency of therapy with o,p'-DDD should be improved considerably by administering the drug with food.  相似文献   

Comparison of inhibition of polymerisation of mammalian tubulin and helminth ovicidal activity by benzimidazole carbamates   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

E Lacey  R L Brady  R K Prichard  T R Watson 《Veterinary parasitology》1987,23(1-2):105-119

The correlation between the inhibition of hatching of Haemonchus contortus eggs and inhibition of mammalian tubulin polymerisation by benzimidazole carbamates has been investigated. The hatching process was observed to be independent of the biomass (eggs plus debris) over a 6-fold range and the early (E1-E3) stages of egg development, but was dependent on the concentration of co-solvent (DMSO) and time of incubation. Benzimidazole carbamates with strong inhibitory activity against mammalian tubulin were potent inhibitors of egg hatch, while non-inhibitors failed to prevent hatching. It is postulated that the primary mode of action of these drugs on nematode eggs is the inhibition of microtubule-dependent processes within the developing egg. The implications and limitations of this correlation are discussed.  相似文献   

Characterizing biological variability in livestock blood cholinesterase activity for biomonitoring organophosphate nerve agent exposure.     

R S Halbrook  L R Shugart  A P Watson  N B Munro  R D Linnabary 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(5):714-725

A biomonitoring protocol, using blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity in livestock as a monitor of potential organophosphate nerve agent exposure during the planned destruction of US unitary chemical warfare agent stockpiles, is described. The experimental design included analysis of blood ChE activity in individual healthy sheep, horses, and dairy and beef cattle during a 10- to 12-month period. Castrated and sexually intact males, pregnant and lactating females, and adult and immature animals were examined through at least one reproductive cycle. The same animals were used throughout the period of observation and were not exposed to ChE-inhibiting organophosphate or carbamate compounds. A framework for an effective biomonitoring protocol within a monitoring area includes establishing individual baseline blood ChE activity for a sentinel group of 6 animals on the bases of blood samples collected over a 6-month period, monthly collection of blood samples for ChE-activity determination during monitoring, and selection of adult animals as sentinels. Exposure to ChE-inhibiting compounds would be suspected when all blood ChE activity of all animals within the sentinel group are decreased greater than 20% from their own baseline value. Sentinel species selection is primarily a logistical and operational concern; however, sheep appear to be the species of choice because within-individual baseline ChE activity and among age and gender group ChE activity in sheep had the least variability, compared with data from other species. This protocol provides an effective and efficient means for detecting abnormal depressions in blood ChE activity in livestock and can serve as a valuable indicator of the extent of actual plume movement and/or deposition in the event of organophosphate nerve agent release.  相似文献   

Disseminated mastocytoma and mastocytemia in a dog     

G S Allan  A D Watson  B C Duff  C R Howlett 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1974,165(4):346-349

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AN INTRATHORACIC MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR IN A DOG     

Stephanie C.  Essman  DVM  John P.  Hoover  MS  DVM  Robert J.  Bahr  DVM  Jerry W.  Ritchey  DVM  PhD  Christine  Watson  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(3):255-259

A 7-year-old, neutered male Labrador Retriever presented for a persistent, productive cough and regurgitation. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography confirmed a large, smoothly marginated intrathoracic mass causing tracheal compression. The mass was removed via a thoracotomy, and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely originating from the ventral spinal nerve roots, was confirmed using immunohistochemistry.  相似文献   

Transport of serum IgA into bile of sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica     

R F Sheldrake  A J Husband  D L Watson  I A Barger  J C Boray 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1988,18(1):29-39

Sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica were studied for their ability to transport intravenously injected radiolabelled IgA from serum to bile. The results show that there was an apparent reduction in the selectivity of transport of IgA into bile in infected animals compared with uninfected controls. However, in infected animals the biliary flow rate was approximately twice that of uninfected animals, and the total amount of radiolabelled IgA transported was similar irrespective of infection status. The possible relevance of the elevated biliary flow rate is discussed with respect to the pharmacokinetics of drugs used for the chemotherapy of helminth infections in sheep.  相似文献